插值方法在天线平面近场测试中的应用

文章提出了一种运用于平面近场测试时可以缩短测试时间的数学插值方法。给出了该插值方法的推导过程和运用实例,对结果进行比较分析,证明了此数值方法的有效性。     

对某含变频器天线的近场测试

文章提出了两种对含变频器天线的近场测试方法,重点关注了射频系统的连接布局,并简要分析了各方案的可行性、优缺点及应用情况。     

近场平面扫描“诊断”技术的探讨

本文首先简要介绍了L－SAR天线的结构及系统组成，其次介绍了采用平面近场扫描的方法，对其T／R组件失效“诊断”实验的情况。在分别T／R组件全部正常工作情况下，和已知有几个T／R组件失效情况下，对天线进行了模拟测试。利用近场到天线口面场反演技术，得到了天线的口面场分布，实现了对T／R组件失效情况的“诊断”。其结果与已知情况相符。     

天线平面近场测量系统发展概况

本文简要叙述了天线平面近场测量技术的发展历史，对国外平面近场测量系统作了简要介绍，列举了国外平面近场扫描系统的分布以及平面近场扫描架的尺寸，对国内平面近场扫描架的现状也作了简要叙述，重点介绍了我所平面近场扫描架的结构、尺寸、软件以及使用情况。     

近场分析法在航天器磁测试中的误差因素及精度评估

航天器磁性测量误差因素及精度评估与航天器结构尺寸、磁矩量级、内部磁性分布特征,以及所用的磁测试方法和测试设备等有密切关系。近场分析法是航天器磁偶极矩测定中经典有效的测试方法。文章就该法在航天器磁测试中的系统误差、随机误差因素及精度评估逐一进行详细论述和深入剖析;针对中大尺度航天器正置态磁测试中垂向磁矩测试结果存在的误差,提出提高测试精度和改进误差评估的有效方法和措施;给出航天器磁测试有效性综合评估的基本条件和评判标准,得到不同尺度航天器磁测试误差的预估参考范围。文章所述航天器磁测试误差因素及精度评估技术对于提高航天器磁测试精度、有效控制航天器磁性具有指导意义。     

修正幅相漂移对天线近场测试的影响

文章描述了平面近场测试系统幅相漂移对测试结果的影响,提出了两种修正天线近场测试系统幅相漂移的方法,并对其优劣性做了比较,给出了用方法二修正的实验结果,分析了修正方法的适用范围。     

超低副瓣天线测试中探头方向图的研究

针对目前带探头补偿的平面近远场变换中,探头H面方向图对远区副瓣引入较大误差的情况,结合国内传统的E面电场法和K.T.Selvan提出的边缘电流逼近法各自的优点,利用混合算法研究了一种新的探头方向图逼近公式,并将其应用于平面近场测试中。通过在某大型微波暗室对一频段阵列天线进行实际测量,分别用E面电场法、边缘电流逼近法以及新的方法进行带探头补偿的近远场变换。最后,将各种方法与实际测试结果进行比较,求得其误差曲线,并在全域的角度分析各种方法的-50 d B超低副瓣精度。结果表明,此方法集合了前两种方法的优点,相比E面电场法,远区副瓣精度提高了8.2 d B,整个角域内副瓣精度提高了1.13 d B;相比边缘电流逼近法,近区副瓣精度提高了0.89d B,整个角域内副瓣精度提高了0.87d B。     

低副瓣有源相控阵天线测试方法研究

利用平面近场测试系统的口面场全息反演功能,摸索出一种低副瓣有源相控阵天线的优化测试方法。实测天线副瓣电平低于-30dB,达到设计指标要求,证明了方法的有效性和适用性,为更快更好完成有源相控阵天线的研制提供了技术手段。     

单脉冲平面阵列天线误差分析

文中介绍波导宽边纵向缝隙构成的单脉冲平面阵列的设计结果。以１４×１４元平面阵列为例，分析单脉冲阵列天线主要组成部分的误差对天线性能的影响。计算分析了缝隙位置与长度的加工数据的误差，馈电（和差器）的幅度、相位误差，馈电缝阵的误差，以及工作频率等对方向图的影响。文中计算和分析结果与实验结果吻和较好，误差分析结果可作为该类天线对加工公差要求和实验分析的依据     

Determination of predicted position of a satellite at limited errors of measurements

Non-statistical formulation of the problem of determining the future position of an object in circumterrestrial space orbiting around the Earth is considered at some constraints on measurement errors. Criteria of optimality and the algorithms satisfying these criteria are presented. Computational schemes are given for the most interesting (for practical purposes) central and projective algorithms. Using mathematical simulation methods the precision characteristics of these algorithms are determined at different distributions of measurement errors for typical situations, arising when one supports a catalog of space objects. It is shown that the errors of determining the predicted position of a space object, obtained with the non-statistical approach, can be less than the errors of the least squares method.     

Dosimetric measurements in manned missions

Detector packages consisting of thermoluminescence detectors (TLDs), nuclear emulsions and plastic nuclear track detectors were exposed in different sections of the MIR space station, inside the Spacelab during the IML1 mission, and inside Spacelab module and tunnel during the D2 mission. This report concentrates on total dose measurements with TLDs during these mission. The results are discussed and compared to results of former missions and to calculations. Finally, dose equivalents and mean quality factors for each mission are presented which are derived from the TLD results and results obtained from the other detector systems. Dose equivalents range between 200 μSvd⁻¹ and 700 μSvd⁻¹.     

如何减少由于空管原因造成的安全差错

引言随着空中交通流量的增加,管制员的工作负荷成几何增大,随之由于空管原因造成的飞行不安全事件时有发生,并成日益增长态势。如何减少由空管原因造成的安全差错成为整个空管行业共同面临的课题。下面笔者就从一线工作者的角度对管制工作中出现安全差错事件的原因做一下简要的分析,然后讨论一下如何在空管一线工作中减少由空管原因造成的安全差错。     

An algorithm for estimation and separation of ephemeris and clock errors in SBAS

The estimation and separation of ephemeris and clock errors is an integral part of a SBAS (Space Based Augmentation System). Generally, the global solution is based on the full state approach for satellite errors (ephemeris and clock) and station errors, using a large least square estimator; or the other way is to sequentially estimate the ephemeris and clock through a Kalman filter, using a complex model of the satellite dynamics. In this paper, the estimation and separation of ephemeris and clock errors is addressed through a unique approach of combining both the methods. The algorithm employs measurements, which are pre-processed for various errors and known biases. A single difference technique is used to separately estimate the ephemeris and clock components. The ephemeris Kalman filter uses a priori information of ephemeris errors along with measurements through a minimum variance estimator to provide ephemeris error estimate. A similar approach is adopted in the clock error estimation process, to provide clock and clock rate estimates. The algorithm results are presented using simulated data for known errors in ephemeris/clock and subsequent retrieval. This algorithm estimates these errors as corrections to the broadcast Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation data, required by a SBAS user for accuracy improvement.     

Structured methods for identifying and correcting potential human errors in space operations

Human performance plays a significant role in the development and operation of any complex system, and human errors are significant contributors to degraded performance, incidents, and accidents for technologies as diverse as medical systems, commercial aircraft, offshore oil platforms, nuclear power plants, and space systems. To date, serious accidents attributed to human error have fortunately been rare in space operations. However, as flight rates go up and the duration of space missions increases, the accident rate could increase unless proactive action is taken to identity and correct potential human errors in space operations. The Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL) has developed and applied structured methods of human error analysis to identify potential human errors, assess their effects on system performance, and develop strategies to prevent the errors or mitigate their consequences. These methods are being applied in NASA-sponsored programs to the domain of commercial aviation, focusing on airplane maintenance and air traffic management. The application of human error analysis to space operations could contribute to minimize the risks associated with human error in the design and operation of future space systems.     

Methodological approach to study of cosmonauts errors and its instrumental support

The methodological approach to the study of cosmonauts errors is discussed in the paper. Within its framework an error is considered in psychophysiological aspect as consequence of cosmonaut "psychophysiological troubles" caused by combined effect of flight extreme conditions on his/her organism. This approach was used for the investigation of interrelation between cosmonauts errors, their psychophysiological state and work-rest schedule peculiarities. It includes procedures of expert analysis of data received in the course of radio and TV sessions with crew, analysis of timelines as well deviations in "crew-spacecraft" system functioning. These data are accumulated, systematized and processed in data base. Realization of the suggested approach does not require specialized onboard equipment and crew members time expenditure. Some results of inflight data analysis are presented to illustrate its potentials.     

幅相误差引起超低旁瓣阵列天线旁瓣最高电平分布的研究

由于单元间互耦的存在，超低副瓣阵列天线的辐射方向图发生变化。简单介绍了矩量法，计算了天线阵列各单元的本征激励方向图。在考虑阵列天线间互耦的条件下，采用本征激励分析方法对幅相误差引起超低旁瓣天线旁瓣最高电平分布进行了数值统计分析。对八单元chebeshev等间距直线阵进行处理，并总结了其最高电平分布的一些规律。     

Influence of estimation errors on wayfinding-decisions in unknown street networks – analyzing the least-angle strategy

The least-angle strategy is a common wayfinding method that can be applied in unknown environments if the target direction is known. The strategy is based on the navigator's heuristic to select the street segment at an intersection which is most in line with the target direction. To use this strategy, the navigator needs to know the angles between the target direction and the street segments leading out from the intersection. If the direct view to the target is blocked and the target vector cannot be perceived, the target direction that is needed for the decision process is based on the agent's believed position and orientation (estimated through path integration). The agent's believed position and target direction are distorted by human errors in estimation of distances and directions, mainly affecting the path integration process. In this paper we examine how human estimation errors of distance and rotation influence the decision behavior in the wayfinding process in an unknown street environment. To demonstrate the geometrical consequences for a specific test case, we use a simulated software agent which navigates in a simulated street environment.     

喷雾场测试技术研究进展

喷注器的喷雾质量直接影响推进剂在燃烧室中的燃烧效率。为了准确获得其喷雾特性,以收集法、PDA及PIV为代表的喷雾场测试技术一直在不断发展和完善中,其中PIV技术与数字全息技术相结合发展的DHPIV技术具有较好的应用前景。对近年来的喷雾场测试技术进行了综述,介绍了各种测试技术的原理、特点及其在喷雾场测试中存在的问题。     

NDB导航台测向误差的原因和解决措施

无方向信标（NDB）导航台可以为飞机提供方位信息。在航路导航和进近导航中被广泛使用。由于NDB导航台发射的信号可能因各种因素对其产生影响而导致机载接受机的测向产生误差，以致影响飞行安全．因此本文结合实际情况，对NDB导航台测向误差的原因进行分析，并提出几种解决方案，供大家探讨。