一种航天接口芯片静电防护电路的软击穿现象

接口阻抗测试是航天产品中对产品状态是否正常来进行判断的常用方法。在航天产品应用中，通常认为接口芯片阻抗测试异常即代表该接口芯片已经失效。本文针对一种LVDS接口发送芯片由静电导致阻抗测试异常，但功能正常的现象进行分析。在元器件失效分析的基础上，定位静电损伤的位置为芯片内部静电防护电路，从而建立了对应的电路模型，对芯片静电损伤的现象进行理论分析。分析说明：该芯片在被静电打击时，其静电防护电路中一个NMOS管受损，但该电路保护了芯片的功能电路，被击穿的NMOS管等效为一个电阻，因此导致阻抗测试异常，但芯片功能电路未受损的现象，为静电软击穿现象。且可认为该芯片在受静电影响后并未失效，相关电路仍具有正常工作的能力。即阻抗异常现象并不是芯片失效的充分条件。     

推进剂储罐裂纹缺陷非概率可靠性分析方法

在推进剂储罐服役期内，准确地对裂纹缺陷进行分析，掌握储罐存在裂纹缺陷情况下的可靠状态，既可保证发射场的安全，亦可有效避免不必要的恐慌，为应急预案的制定提供参考。基于区间理论与失效评定图理论，提出一种非概率失效评定图（NFAD）可靠性分析方法。有效解决了工程实际中难以准确获得失效评定点与失效评定曲线情况下，推进剂储罐裂纹缺陷的可靠性分析问题。结合实例参数对所提方法进行验证，结果表明：无需精确失效评定图与失效评定曲线，所提方法可对储罐裂纹缺陷的任意状态进行分析，并可以充分考虑分析中的不确定性，将传统失效评定图方法失效或可靠的二元逻辑状态细化为3种情况，可靠性指标为0表示失效状态，可靠性指标大于0小于1表示可靠度，可靠性指标大于等于1表示安全裕度。     

一种改进的固液火箭发动机故障诊断方法

针对固液火箭发动机的可靠性问题，设计了一种改进的贝叶斯网络故障诊断方法，可以通过网络化自主逻辑推理，对固液火箭发动机进行故障诊断。为了提取时序观测信号的故障特征，提出将步进法与核主成分分析(KPCA)相结合的分析方法，并根据模糊C均值聚类算法(FCM)建立模糊多态贝叶斯网络，实现对观测信号尺度的模糊处理，提高对不确定性故障的诊断能力。通过Matlab/Simulink建立改进的贝叶斯网络故障诊断系统。仿真结果表明，改进的算法能够实现对固液火箭发动机常见故障的有效诊断，并能够适应小样本集学习的情况。与传统贝叶斯诊断算法相比，故障诊断的平均准确率提高了20.9%。     

多回路耦合CPL系统的几种失效情况分析

毛细抽吸两相流体回路(CPL,CapillaryPumpedLoop)在运行过程中可能会发生蒸发器失效的现象,严重影响了其可靠性。文章对CPL在变工况过程中可能引起蒸发器失效的一些因素进行了分析,并通过实验研究了一个多回路耦合CPL系统在某些热边界条件发生骤变时,系统的瞬态响应以及部分蒸发器失效的过程。     

考虑失效阈值随机性的退化-冲击竞争失效建模

针对大多竞争失效可靠性研究未考虑失效阈值随机性的情况，提出一种随机失效阈值影响下的竞争失效系统可靠性评价模型。分析冲击影响下退化过程中退化量及退化率的变化，并在此基础上考虑阈值随机性。讨论累积退化影响下的冲击过程，以系统所能承受的强度分布描述冲击失效阈值，并结合累积退化量的期望水平建立随时间变化的冲击失效阈值，从而明确描述了冲击失效阈值与退化过程之间的依赖关系，给出竞争失效过程的可靠性函数。以微电机系统为例进行对比及敏感性分析，验证了随机失效阈值的引入更能反映系统真实运行状态。     

引入失效情形下某型液压电机可靠性分析

针对直接使用无失效数据对装备进行可靠性分析而产生的“冒进”问题，通过引入失效信息对数据进行综合处理，从而对可靠性参数进行合理的估计。以寿命服从指数分布的某型导弹液压电机为例，在其失效率的先验分布为Gamma分布且超参数均服从均匀分布时，证明了失效率在无失效数据时的期望Bayes（E-Bayes）估计法，提出了改进型的截尾试验时间的确定方法，通过引进失效信息，推导了失效率的综合E-Bayes估计法，并给出了可靠度的综合估计法。结合液压电机无失效数据实例，计算得到失效率和可靠度的综合E-Bayes估计，与现有的方法相比，二者的极差分别减小了22.33%和38.02%，说明了所提方法的合理性与可用性。      

基于多应力加速试验方法的智能电表寿命评估

如何准确地分析、评估多应力-多参数下智能电表的可靠性和寿命是当前热点.首先分析了在温度、湿度、电应力、振动和磁场等条件下智能电表的性能参数内涵,通过失效机理分析提炼了关键参数及其敏感应力,然后通过强化试验探索了关键参数应力极限条件,设计了加速寿命试验方案并实施,对试验数据进行退化轨迹建模、多应力加速模型研究,综合评估了智能电表可靠性和寿命水平.本文成果能为改善智能电表可靠性和寿命提供方法.      

综合环境试验系统研制中的技术问题

温度、振动、湿度综合环境试验系统是工程研制、鉴定和生产可靠性试验的必备的设备。根据可靠性试验要求，介绍了综合环境试验系统研制过程中所遇到的试验箱高温度变化速率、振动台大台面和大位移、振动和冲击控制算法等技术难点，并给出了解决途径。     

Learning in an immersive digital theater

The Houston Museum of Natural Science, in collaboration with Rice University has an outreach program taking portable digital theaters to schools and community sites for over five years and has conducted research on student learning in this immersive environment. By using an external independent evaluator, the effectiveness of NASA-funded Education and Public Outreach (EPO) projects can be assessed. This paper documents interactive techniques and learning strategies in full-dome digital theaters. The presentation is divided into Evaluation Strategies and Results and Interactivity Strategies and Results. All learners from grades 3–12 showed statistically significant short-term increase in knowledge of basic Earth science concepts after a single 22-min show. Improvements were more significant on items that were taught using more than one modality of instruction: hearing, seeing, discussion, and immersion. Thus immersive theater can be an effective as well as engaging teaching method for Earth and Space science concepts, particularly those that are intrinsically three-dimensional and thus most effectively taught in an immersive environment. The portable system allows taking the educational experience to rural and tribal sites where the underserved students could not afford the time or expense to travel to museums.     

Stochastic particle acceleration by the forced interaction of relativistic current sheets

We address the problem of interacting relativistic current sheets in self-consistent kinetic plasma simulations within the framework of the Particle-In-Cell model. The interaction is enforced in head-on collisions of up to 10 current sheets at relativistic bulk speeds. The simulations are motivated by the general problem of Poynting flux dissipation in ‘striped wind’ configurations presumably governing the relativistic outflows pervasive in pulsar winds and gamma-ray bursts. We identify the generation of non-thermal particles and formation of a stable power-law shape in the particle energy distributions f(γ) dγ ∝ γ^−s dγ. In 1D, a spectral index s ∼ 2 is observed and attributed to a stochastic Fermi-type acceleration mechanism. In 2D, the generic index of s ∼ 3–4 is retained as in previous simulations of individual current sheets. Whereas in 2D the high energy cut-off is constrained by the limited dissipation of magnetic energy, in 1D the process converts the bulk motion of current sheets towards directed particle momentum of an exclusive class of non-thermal particles.     

Scaling analysis and model estimation of solar corona index

A monthly average solar green coronal index time series for the period from January 1939 to December 2008 collected from NOAA (The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has been analysed in this paper in perspective of scaling analysis and modelling. Smoothed and de-noising have been done using suitable mother wavelet as a pre-requisite. The Finite Variance Scaling Method (FVSM), Higuchi method, rescaled range (R/S) and a generalized method have been applied to calculate the scaling exponents and fractal dimensions of the time series. Autocorrelation function (ACF) is used to find autoregressive (AR) process and Partial autocorrelation function (PACF) has been used to get the order of AR model. Finally a best fit model has been proposed using Yule-Walker Method with supporting results of goodness of fit and wavelet spectrum. The results reveal an anti-persistent, Short Range Dependent (SRD), self-similar property with signatures of non-causality, non-stationarity and nonlinearity in the data series. The model shows the best fit to the data under observation.     

Development of a gas chromatography compatible Sample Processing System (SPS) for the in-situ analysis of refractory organic matter in martian soil: preliminary results

In the frame of the 2009 Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission a new sample preparation system (SPS) compatible with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) has been developed for the in situ analysis of complex organic molecules in the Martian soil. The goal is to detect, if they exist, some of the key compounds that play an important role in life on Earth including carboxylic acids, amino acids and nucleobases.     

基于LuGre模型的电液加载系统摩擦补偿

为了提高电液加载系统控制精度,针对摩擦问题提出了基于LuGre摩擦模型的前馈补偿方法.建立了用于摩擦仿真分析和补偿器设计的电液加载系统数学模型;通过实验获取并分析了相关的摩擦数据;基于实验数据进行LuGre模型参数辨识,把LuGre模型和辨识结果引入电液加载系统数学模型,并进行仿真结果与实际摩擦数据的对照,证明了LuGre摩擦模型的准确性.设计前馈补偿器,进行了实验对比,实验结果表明前馈补偿器可将摩擦产生的控制误差有效地降至未补偿时的30%左右.      

CoRoT and Kepler results: Solar-like oscillators

The space-borne observatories CoRoT (Convection Rotation and planetary Transits) and Kepler have provided photometric time series data of unprecedented precision for large numbers of stars. These data have revolutionized the fields of transiting exoplanets and asteroseismology. In this review some important asteroseismic results obtained using data from the CoRoT and Kepler space missions concerning stars that show solar-like oscillations are discussed. These results comprise, among others, measurements of the location of the base of the convection zone and helium second-ionization zone in main-sequence stars, the presence (or not) of core-helium burning in red-giant stars, as well as differential rotation in these stars.     

Radioactivity of the Moon and planets

In this report the main results of the study of radioactivity of the solar sistem bodies are considered. The radioactivity of the Moon and planets was measured by means of vehicles in situ. The radioactivity of the lunar samples, brought to the Earth was studied with laboratory equipment.     

Return to Europa: Overview of the Jupiter Europa orbiter mission

Missions to explore Europa have been imagined ever since the Voyager mission first suggested that Europa was geologically very young. Subsequently, the Galileo spacecraft supplied fascinating new insights into this satellite of Jupiter. Now, an international team is proposing a return to the Jupiter system and Europa with the Europa Jupiter System Mission (EJSM). Currently, NASA and ESA are designing two orbiters that would explore the Jovian system and then each would settle into orbit around one of Jupiter’s icy satellites, Europa and Ganymede. In addition, the Japanese Aerospace eXploration Agency (JAXA) is considering a Jupiter magnetospheric orbiter and the Russian Space Agency is investigating a Europa lander.     

基于最小值原理的冗余度机器人动力学控制

为了解冗余度机器人全局法优化中数值求解的困难,本文讨论了动力学方程的建立,无约束和有约束最优控制问题之间的内在联系,重点分析了求解最优控制问题的数值方法,文中提出了双向异步积分迭代的求解正则方程组的直接迭代法,较好解决了状态方程和协态方程稳定相逆给求解两点这值问题带来的困难。     

基于GPS载波相位的微卫星姿态算法研究

GPS姿态系统是利用GPS载波相位测量来确定载体的航向和姿态角。本文对微卫星的GPS姿态系统进行了研究。重点解决短基线的GPS状态算法，讨论了姿态价格函数的了小化方法。测试结果表明，所提的算法对小于1m的基线是有效的。