NC/GAP-TPE共混聚合物的制备和性能研究

采用扩链后共混再熟化的方法,制备了1组不同组成的硝化棉(NC)/含能热塑性弹性体(GAP-TPE)共混聚合物.采用红外光谱(FTIR)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征NC/GAP-TPE共混物的结构,扫描电镜(SEM)观察共混物的断面,动态热机械分析(DMA)测定共混物的玻璃化转变,运用拉伸实验研究不同配比NC/GAP-TP...     

目标与背景的对比度分析及其应用

较深入地分析了目标与背景的对比度及其时间、空间和光谱特性,介绍了基于目标与背景的对比度的红外对抗和反对抗措施,如变频技术、变向技术、假目标等红外对抗措施以及太赫兹波探测、时间鉴别法和光谱鉴别法等红外反对抗措施.     

偶氮呋咱和氧化偶氮呋咱的合成及表征

介绍了高能材料二氨基偶氮呋咱(DAAF)、二氨基氧化偶氮呋咱(DAOAF)及二硝基氧化偶氮呋咱(DNOAF)的合成。其中,采用新型氧化剂制备DAAF,得率提高至65.60%。通过DSC-TG、元素分析、IR、1H NMR和MS等方法,对其结构进行了鉴定,并进行了常规的感度测试。感度数据表明,无氢炸药DNOAF的摩擦感度较大,与C-12相当,而DAAF和DAOAF为低感度炸药。     

月球测绘学分类及应用展望

根据月球测绘的研究现状及发展趋势,对月球测绘学的概念进行了溯源与拓展。在分析月球测绘学与地球测绘学主要差异基础上,从传统测绘学科分类角度出发,综合考虑月球测绘学特殊性,重新梳理出月球测绘学主要学科专业分类,并详细介绍了每个学科专业的定义及国内外研究现状,给出了月球测绘学的五个主要应用领域及其应用展望。我国应尽早开展月球测绘理论与技术研究,形成完整的月球测绘学科体系,能够有力地促进我国空间科学技术的发展,保障后续探月工程的顺利实施。     

凝胶推进剂流变及雾化特性研究与进展

综述了凝胶推进剂流变及雾化特性研究状况与进展.对凝胶推进剂的流变学研究、雾化特性研究中的实验研究、理论研究及测量技术做了介绍,并结合当前的研究提出了一些看法.     

Launch and early operations of Herschel and Planck

On 14 May 2009 the European Space Agency launched 2 space observatories: Herschel (with a 3.5 m mirror it is the largest space telescope ever) will collect long-wavelength infrared radiation and will be the only space observatory to cover the spectral range from far-infrared to sub-millimetre wavelengths, and Planck will look back at the dawn of time, close to the Big Bang, and will examine the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation to a sensitivity, angular resolution and frequency range never achieved before. This paper will present the Flight Dynamics, mission analysis challenges and flight results from the first 3 months of these missions.Both satellites were launched on the same Ariane 5 and travelled to the L2 Lagrange point of the sun–earth system 1.5 million km from the earth in the opposite direction of the sun. There they were injected to a quasi-halo orbit (Herschel) with the dimension of typically 750,000 km×450,000 km, and a Lissajous orbit (Planck) of 300,000 km×300,000 km.In order to reach these Lissajous orbits it is mandatory to perform large trajectory correction manoeuvres during the first days of the mission. Herschel had its main manoeuvres on the first day. Planck had to be navigated on the first day and by a mid-course correction manoeuvre, the L2 orbit insertion manoeuvre was planned on day 50. If these slots were missed, fuel penalties would rapidly increase.This posed a heavy load on the operations teams because both spacecrafts have to be thoroughly checked out and put into the correct modes of their attitude control systems during the first hours after launch.The sequence of events will be presented and explained and the orbit determination results as well as the manoeuvre planning will be emphasised.     

论科技进步与党内和谐

新的时期科技进步与党的建设之间关系日益紧密,影响巨大而复杂。本文系统阐述了科技进步的内涵、功能和主要特征,并对科技进步给党的建设带来的机遇和挑战进行了初步分析。     

发动机缸套的磨损及其预防措施

在对发动机缸套磨损特点及其影响因素进行理论分析的基础上，根据多年的实践经验，本文提出了降低发动机缸套磨损从而提高发动机使用寿命的有效措施。     

航天阀门运动副卡滞故障分析及对策

阀门运动副的卡滞卡死现象是超低温液氢液氧火箭发动机阀门的常见故障,防止卡滞卡死是阀门可靠性设计的重要内容之一,因为卡滞卡死往往是在阀门动作若干次以后才发生的,不易被人们所发现,因而构成阀门可靠性设计的最大威胁。特别是在低温环境试验中,阀门更容易发生卡滞卡死故障。文章叙述了国内外有关低温阀门卡滞卡死故障的统计数据、故障机理、可靠性设计和防卡滞设计准则、防卡滞设计措施,并配合实际案例进行说明,可供航天发动机和航天器低温阀门设计人员参考。     

液体推进剂火灾爆炸事故类型分析及其预防

由于液体推进剂具有易燃、易爆危险性,针对液体推进剂火灾爆炸的各种原因进行分析,归纳出其火灾爆炸事故类型,从液体推进剂管道、容器安全布置、选材、设计、加工及安装等方面提出了预防措施,保证液体推进剂的安全性。     

镍铬-镍硅热电偶特性分析与应用研究

以镍铬-镍硅热电偶在火箭发动机试验中的应用为研究对象。对其特性和影响测量的主要因素进行了论述。对镍铬-镍硅热电偶在使用中的劣化问题进行了研究和探讨,结果表明重复使用后的镍铬-镍硅热电偶的劣化是不可避免的,其劣化程度随封装形式、使用温度、直径及使用时间的不同而异,并根据多次试验数据的积累,总结出了相应的处理方法。     

伪码引信瞄准式压制性干扰及硬件实现

伪随机码调相引信在舰空导弹和地空导弹中有广泛的应用,因此有必要对此类引信的干扰进行研究。提出了一种瞄准式压制性干扰方案。该方案中,干扰机先接收引信的辐射信号,然后对准引信工作频率,发射一个可与引信工作带宽相比拟的窄带噪声或类似噪声的干扰信号去干扰引信,使引信自身的相关接收失效,从而达到干扰引信工作的目的。给出了此方案的部分实现电路的工作原理和硬件实现,主要包括伪码调相信号的解调、解调后的码元整形和识别、低频噪声源的产生、干扰波形的调制发射等关键部件。根据各部分电路的试验结果认为,提出的干扰机设计原理正确,干扰方案有效可行。     

Development and Application of Systems Science and Systems Engineering

Systems science and systems engineering, as a new science and technology domain in modern science and technology, is developing rapidly, and showing greater and greater vitality. QIAN Xuesen is recognized as the pioneer and founder of systems science and systems engineering in China. His whole innovation process from systems thinking to systems practice has made pioneering contributions at different levels from engineering, technology, science to philosophy. These achievements and contributions have very important scientific value and practical significance. Presenting QIAN Xuesen's contribution in systems science and practice, this paper elaborates the development and application of systems science and systems engineering.     

空天飞行器制导控制技术研究进展与展望

本文在简要介绍空天飞行器制导控制技术发展情况基础上,针对其典型的任务形态给制导控制技术带来的挑战,分别从动力学建模、轨迹优化与制导、飞行控制与导航等四个方面阐述了制导控制技术中面临的关键技术,并探讨了空天飞行器制导控制技术后续发展方向与思路。     

硼粒子包覆工艺及对硼的表面和燃烧特性的影响

介绍了用ＧＡＰ，ＴＤＩ，ＡＰ，ＴＭＰ，ＬｉＦ，Ｖｉｔｏｎ Ａ硅烷，碳化硼，钛等物质包覆硼粒子的工艺过程，论述了其包覆机理对硼粒表面及点火燃烧特性的影响。表明，在提高硼粒子燃烧效率及改善硼与推进剂体系的相容性方面，硼粒子包覆是最有效的途径；包覆硼粒子可以显著提高含硼推进剂的性能。     

航天器总装工艺专业内涵及体系地位简析

总装工艺在型号研制技术体系中处于至关重要的地位,既是技术体系的最底线,又是质量管理、综合调度、物流控制的综合交叉点。文章分析了总装工艺专业的内涵、外延以及专业现状,并给出提升总装工艺专业型号工程研制体系地位的建议。     

高等院校贷款的风险规避与对策

高等院校为适应扩大招生规模的需要，大量举债，目前高校贷款总额已达1500亿-2000亿之间；银行认为贷款安全而主动与高校合作，可以得到回报；政府将为高校贷款（高校为公益事业）承担巨大风险。从高等院校公用、专项经费看，许多院校无力偿还贷款。希望各高校、银行、政府能够有所警示和启迪。     

Innovation and Outlook of the New Generation of Cryogenic and Quick-Launch Launch Vehicle

This paper introduces a launch vehicle scheme for the new generation of cryogenic and quick-launch launch vehicle(LM-6). The main technical innovations of LM-6 launch vehicle include the capability of twenty satellites launched by one vehicle, high-pressure staged combustion cycle engine and oxygen tank self-pressurization, sandwich bulkhead tank with 200 K temperature difference, and 7-day quick-launch using the "three horizontals" test and launch mode with integral transportation and erection. The future development of the quick-launch launch vehicle is predicted based upon the need for vehicle mission coverage improvement, better response speed, and stronger market competiveness.     

载人飞船回收着陆分系统可靠性、 安全性设计与验证

文章主要介绍了载人飞船回收着陆分系统可靠性、安全性设计准则、设计分析方法、设计措施以及试验验证等。地面试验以及飞行试验的验证表明:回收着陆分系统的可靠性、安全性设计措施有效,试验验证充分,分系统的工作可靠,可靠性和安全性均满足其指标要求。     

Large and Fast Variations of Parameters in the Magnetosheath: 3. Amplitudes and Transverse Profiles of Low and High Frequency Variations of the Plasma and Magnetic Field

We present the results of experimental studies of high frequency (with periods of seconds and tens of seconds) and low frequency (with periods of minutes and tens of minutes) large variations of the ion flux and magnetic field magnitude in the magnetosheath. It is shown that, on average, the relative amplitudes of these variations are approximately two times higher than similar values characteristic for the undisturbed solar wind. The averaged spatial profile of these values and their variations across the magnetosheath is obtained, as are the dependencies of normalized plasma fluxes and their variations on the place of entrance of a given plasma element into the magnetosheath. Using one particular example, a good coincidence between the time profiles of ion fluxes measured aboard two spacecraft separated by a distance of 10R _E along the magnetosheath is demonstrated.