激光多普勒测量技术及其应用

从光学结构、信号处理、方向辨别三个方面综述了激光多普勒测量技术的研究,最后讲述了激光多普勒测量技术在散射体位移测量中的一个实际应用──空间滤波的仿光栅散射体多普勒测量。     

二维激光多普勒测速仪在扩散火焰测量中的应用

利用二维激光多普勒测速仪测量了液化石油气-空气扩散火焰的流场,得到了满意的结果。测量采取前向散射接收方式,为此对原后向散射接收光路进行了改造,结果在激光输出功率较低的情况下得到了比较好的多普勒信号。      

Statistical Analysis of Velocity Measuring Systems Employing the Photon Correlation Technique

Velocities of fluid flows and solid objects can be measured by performing photon count correlations on laser light scattered from the measuring region, the most common optical configuration being the laser Doppler system. A statistical analysis for the counting process is presented for both the constant velocity case and for turbulent fluid flows with formulations for specific laser Doppler configurations. For turbulent flow, relationships are derived for the shape of the count correlation in terms of the mean velocity and rms turbulent intensity, taking into account the shape of the turbulence correlation curve. Experimental results recorded for both a constant velocity solid object and for an unseeded turbulent air flow in a wind tunnel are presented, and, in the latter case, comparisons are made with hot-wire measurements.     

FRS技术对瞬态高速喷流的可视化研究

为了诊断瞬态高速喷流的结构特征,开展了基于分子滤波瑞利散射(FRS)技术的可视化研究.介绍了FRS技术的基本原理,分析了散射光的多普勒频移对诊断的影响.针对瞬态高速喷流特点,建立了FRS诊断系统,设计了两种不同的激光入射方式.采用与流场方向垂直的激光入射方式,获得了喷流与空气作用的湍流结构.而采用与流场轴向平行的激光入射方式,则获得了喷流自身的结构.FRS技术对瞬态高速喷流的可视化研究,对研究超声速湍流混合层流场具有重要指导意义.      

A long-range laser velocimeter

A long-range laser velocimeter (LV) developed for remote operation from within the flow fields of large wind tunnels is described. Emphasis is placed on improvements in optical hardware as well as additions to data acquisition and processing techniques. The method used for data reduction of photon resolved signals is outlined in detail, and measurement accuracy is discussed. To study the performance of the LV and verify the measurement accuracy, laboratory measurements were made in the flow field of a 10-cm-diameter, 30-m/s axisymmetric jet. The measured velocity and turbulence intensity surveys are compared with measurements made with a hot-wire anemometer. Additionally, the LV was used during the flow calibration of the 80-ft×120-ft wind tunnel to measure the test-section boundary layer thickness at the maximum wind tunnel speed of 51.5 m/s. The requirements and techniques used to seed the flow are discussed, and boundary-layer surveys of mean velocity and turbulence intensity of the streamwise component and the component normal to the surface are presented. The streamwise component of mean velocity is compared with data obtained with a total pressure rake     

光纤F—P腔压力传感器的研究进展

光纤F—P腔压力传感器因其独有的优点广泛应用于军事、民用领域。国内外诸多高校、科研院所都在对其进行研究。本文介绍了光纤F—P腔压力传感器的研究进展,对全光纤结构F-P压力传感器、激光加工微型光纤压力传感器、二氧化硅膜片压力传感器的结构和制作过程进行了总结,并对利用MEMS制作压力传感器的工艺进行了详述,对比分析了不同加工工艺下传感器的性能及其优缺点。     

A review of the hot-wire technique in 2-D compressible flows

In this paper the use of hot-wire anemometers for obtaining turbulence data in two-dimensional compressible flows has been reviewed. Based on the existing experimental results, the methods of extracting different turbulent quantities from the output signal of the hot-wire anemometer in a given flow environment have been described and evaluated. Comparison between the results obtained with the laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) and the hot-wire anemometer clearly shows that the latter should still be considered as one of the main tools for turbulence research in compressible non-separated turbulent flows not only for its comparable accuracy but also for its much lower cost and ease of operation as compared with the optical methods.     

差动式激光多普勒技术在冲击校准测试中的应用

本文介绍了利用差动式激光多普勒技术实现高加速冲击校准的原理、方法和实际的光学系统。     

二维喷管两相流动实验理论研究

 一、实验研究 （1）实验装置 图1是实验装置系统示意图。整个系统分为气源,颗粒输送器,过渡段,实验喷管和测量仪器五个部分。实验中气相用压缩空气,颗粒相用铝粉。 气源由两个贮气罐构成,输入端接高压管路,输出端接过渡段。颗粒经由粒子输送轴上的螺旋形通道,被送到过渡段与气相混合。颗粒质量流量通过辅的转速来控制。过     

Doppler global velocimetry for the analysis of combustor flows

The principle of Doppler global velocimetry (DGV) and a DGV system optimized for time averaged three-component velocity measurements is described in this paper. Furthermore, the design of the different components of the DGV-system as well as the manner of its operation is presented.The volumetric, time averaged, three-component velocity distribution was acquired in the isothermal flow of a low NOx, staged combustion chamber sector from Rolls-Royce Deutschland. The combustor was developed within the German public-funded Engine 3E program. On the basis of the collected data, the complex flow phenomena in the combustor could be analyzed in detail and supported by CFD calculations.A recently developed, pulsed Nd:YAG laser now enables planar, time-averaged, three-component DGV application in combusting flow fields. Measurements were carried out in a single-nozzle, kerosene combustion chamber model, operated under atmospheric pressure. The successful measurements demonstrated the capability of DGV as a new tool for combustion research. It was possible to separately measure the gas velocity and the velocity of the fuel droplets, a promising capability of DGV for two phase flow analysis.     

正弦波型高频动态压力光学校准系统及其应用

动态压力是气动部件表面的关键气动参数。光学压力敏感涂料（PSP）测量技术在测量气动部件表面动态压力方面具有全域测量、不影响流场自身的优势，而光学压力敏感涂料的动态响应特性则是进行动态压力测量的决定性因素。基于声学驻波管原理，自主设计并组建了正弦波型高频动态压力光学校准系统，主要包含有驻波管型校准舱、声源、激光源、高频压力传感器、光电倍增管以及测控系统。对动态压力光学校准系统及某新型快响压敏涂料的实验结果表明，所组建的动态压力校准系统可产生最短响应时间12.5 μs、最大压力幅值为4.37 kPa的正弦型动态压力，其有效动态频响范围为0.4~20.0 kHz（50 μs~2.5 ms），不确定度小于0.004 9%；校准系统合理的光路布局可进行快响压敏涂料动态特性的校准，所测涂料可用于动态频响不高于9.1 kHz（响应时间为109.9 μs）的非定常流场的压力测量。     

液压直角管路压力波动特性计算与试验对比研究

为了探索液压直角管路内部的瞬态流动特征,熟悉压力波动特性的形成机理,采用大涡模拟方法对某型活门出口处1段直角管路进行数值模拟,捕捉局部涡旋结构的动态特性,并与粒子图像测速和激光多普勒测速试验结果进行对比。结果表明:大涡模拟方法能精确模拟直角管路内部的瞬态速度场,与试验结果吻合较好;在直角拐弯处存在明显的涡旋脱落现象,同时伴随着涡旋诱导的局部低压区域尺度与位置变化,从而导致压力波动问题的产生。     

研究转子内流动的大尺寸轴流压气机实验装置和动态测量技术

本文在评述国外同类技术的基础上,介绍近年研制成的,以研究转子内流动为主要对象的低速大尺寸轴流压气机实验装置和动态测量技术,包括实验台、旋转四坐标全电动探针位移机构、并行多通道高速数据采集器、高频压力探针及一整套高频压力探针、热丝和激光多普勒动态测量技术,列举了典型的转子内和转子进、出口复杂流场测量结果。      

Application of Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) for the determination of the instantaneous pressure field of models in a wind tunnel

A two-dimensional and non-intrusive operating optical pressure measurement system PSP (Pressure Sensitive Paint) is described. In recent years, this novel PSP-technology has attracted considerable attention in the aerospace community. The PSP technique can be used to realize absolute pressure measurements on a surface of a model and in addition to quantitatively evaluate flow phenomena using a scientific grade camera and image processing techniques. The PSP system was tested in the Transonic Wind tunnel of the German Aerospace Center in Göttingen (TWG) under real flow conditions. Instantaneous pressure distributions are recorded in almost real time on a three-dimensional double-delta wing model. These pressure images can be interpreted as the `footprints' of the vortex field near the wall. Therefore the recognition and analysis of the vortex dynamics on the model surface are possible. Moreover even the vortex breakdown process as well as secondary vortex structures can be detected by this measurement technique.     

应用LDV研究二元管道内分离流动

应用二维激光多普勒仪测量了二元曲壁非对称扩张通道内的湍流附面层分离流动。得到了时均速度、雷诺应力、平均流动方向角及正反向间歇流动因子的分布。文中给出了所测结果的不确定度,并在激光测速的近壁测量上做了尝试。实验结果分析表明:间歇瞬时分离点对应于附面层内垂直压强梯度的最大值;Schofield的速度尺度和长度尺度可用于形成新的速度相似型;正反向间歇流动因子γpuo与平均流动方向角存在着简单的线性关系。     

精密加工表面粗糙度在线检测系统的研究

介绍一个高精度的激光光纤传感式精密加工表面粗糙度在线检测系统。系统的工作原理基于表面散射理论,综合采用了光强补偿、调制、单通道信号处理以及互补采样等一系列技术,确保了测量的高精度。系统使用了单片微机,包括信号切换、互补采样、运算处理及显示打印等测量全过程,均由单片机控制     

基于神经网络补偿的室内无人机组合导航系统

针对无人飞行器在环境特征突变情况下数据融合的可靠性大幅下降问题，提出了神经网络预测补偿的组合导航算法。首先利用扩展卡尔曼滤波和粒子滤波对激光、光流等传感器得到的数据进行融合，然后采用径向基函数（RBF）神经网络对粒子滤波前后的误差进行预测。当激光数据可靠时，RBF神经网络进行训练学习模式，当激光数据中断或者不可靠时，利用训练后的模型对系统进行误差补偿。利用无人飞行器在室内环境下进行定点和轨迹实验，结果表明补偿后的位置导航信息能够明显降低激光数据不可靠时带来的定位误差。     

涡轮叶片尾缘扰流柱通道流动换热计算

为了深入研究涡轮叶片尾缘扰流柱区域流动的工程计算方法,用开发的基于流体网络计算的一维工程算法,对工作叶片尾缘扰流柱通道进行了计算,并与实验结果进行了对比。计算结果表明:工程计算得出的弦向出流量分布、压力分布从规律和数值上与实验结果都吻合较好,工程算法能够比较准确地计算出扰流柱通道的流动;扰流柱区的气体流动方向基本为弦向,但也存在着一定的径向流动,所以有必要在流体网络计算中设置表示径向流动的流路。     

民机冲压空气系统流动特性仿真研究

民机冲压空气系统通过机身蒙皮开口引入外界空气为飞机空调系统、辅助冷却系统和惰化系统提供合适压力与流量的冷源,其性能的优劣影响飞机的经济性与舒适性。冲压空气系统包括了进排气口、换热器、风扇和管路等部件,其内部的复杂流动特性决定了冷源流量在各个用户系统中的分配。为了在冲压空气系统的设计过程中根据各用户系统的需求完成合适的流量分配,需要通过冲压空气系统流动特性的三维仿真计算来获得。针对冲压空气同时受到机外环境和内部部件影响的特点,建立了机外远场和内部各部件仿真计算模型,通过CFD方法实现了冲压空气系统内部三维流动趋势的计算,获得了冲压空气系统流量分配结果和流道内的压力分布,为冲压空气系统的整体设计提供了参考。