航空齿轮的CAD研究

本文对４种常用渐开线航空齿轮：直齿圆柱齿轮、斜齿圆柱齿轮、直齿锥齿轮和弧齿锥齿轮的计算机辅助设计进行了研究。文中概述了总体设计思想和各主要部分的设计方法,对软件设计中的一些问题进行了简要的介绍,并给出了程序流程图。     

基于电子展成原理的直齿锥齿轮齿形误差测量

针对传统基于接触印痕检验的直齿锥齿轮齿形误差检测方法存在的难以定量描述几何误差、量值溯源性差等缺点,提出一种基于电子展成原理的直齿锥齿轮齿形误差测量与评定方法,首先建立了直齿锥齿轮的理论齿形及齿形误差测量的数学模型,然后在基于全闭环交流伺服控制系统的齿轮测量中心上,控制传感器测头在空间扫描形成直齿锥齿轮的理论齿形曲线,依据连续扫描过程中的传感器读数对直齿锥齿轮的齿形误差进行测量与评定。结果表明,该方法可在现有CNC齿轮测量中心上实现直齿锥齿轮齿形误差的自动测量与评定,具有测量效率与自动化程度高、量值溯源性好等显著优点。     

直齿锥齿轮和零度弧齿锥齿轮传递误差的对比分析

锥齿轮是航空传动系统中必不可少的部件,直齿锥齿轮和零度弧齿锥齿轮由于传动的相似性,在诸多应用中可以互换,但由于齿形的不同,其传动性能仍存在较大差异。本文分别构建直齿和零度弧齿锥齿轮的精确几何模型,并基于有限元进行准静态接触分析,对比分析2种类型齿轮传递误差的差异,并采用不同的载荷以及安装误差工况,分析直齿和零度弧齿锥齿轮传递误差的变化规律,为这2种不同类型齿轮在航空领域中的选择和应用上提供参考。     

大功率弧齿锥齿轮设计技术研究

采用自行开发的弧齿锥齿轮加载分析专用程序,对大功率弧齿锥齿轮设计技术进行了研究。分析了轮齿承载后的齿面接触区的大小和位置,计算了齿根弯曲应力和齿面接触应力,并对齿轮振动特性、齿轮系的振动噪声和齿轮啸叫进行了研究。研究成果为航空发动机弧齿锥齿轮的设计、制造、强度计算和动力学分析提供了理论基础,并有效提高了发动机传动系统的可靠性。     

弧齿锥齿轮的齿距误差对传动性能的影响研究

采用齿轮啮合仿真和承载啮合仿真技术 ,对重合度达到 2 .0的航空弧齿锥齿轮的齿距误差的影响进行了研究。首先定义了航空弧齿锥齿轮相对齿距误差 ,选取了量级 ,研究了这一误差对齿轮实际重合度、传动误差、齿面载荷分布和齿间载荷分配的影响。进一步又分析了在一定齿距误差下载荷变化的影响以及固定载荷下误差变化的影响 ,为高重合度航空弧齿锥齿轮的应用提供了依据     

各国锥齿轮接触强度标准的对比分析(上)

锥齿轮最常见的损坏形式之一就是齿面的接触疲劳点蚀。引起点蚀的原因是齿面上承受的压力超过了齿轮的承载能力。为了使锥齿轮在设计寿命期内不出现齿面疲劳点蚀破坏,在进行齿轮设计时,必须要对锥齿轮的抗点蚀能     

第3代新型低碳高合金钢弧齿锥齿轮失效分析

在中央传动调试试验中发生主动弧齿锥齿轮轮齿断裂故障,并连带其他部件产生不同程度损伤。主动弧齿锥齿轮整个圆周的接触印痕偏向小端一侧、靠近齿底,从动弧齿锥齿轮接触印痕分布在小端齿顶部位,印痕已不完整、局部超出工作面。为了排除15Cr₁₄Co₁₂Mo₅Ni₂钢弧齿锥齿轮试验中发生的断裂故障,对齿轮进行宏观检查、断口分析、组织检查、硬度测试、成分分析、啮合印痕仿真分析与验证,确定了故障齿轮断裂的性质和产生原因。结果表明：主动弧齿锥齿轮为高周疲劳断裂,疲劳起源于小端面与齿凸面根部转接棱角部位,与材质与冶金缺陷无关;在工作过程中存在异常咬合是导致该齿轮产生早期疲劳开裂的主要原因。建议优化齿面加工参数,提高齿轮工作过程中的咬合质量,从而避免此类故障再次发生。     

基于能量等效的直齿锥齿轮时变啮合刚度计算

针对直齿圆锥齿轮啮合刚度的计算问题,从微元思想出发,将变截面齿廓划分为若干等截面微段齿段,基于能量等效建立微段齿段啮合刚度计算模型,并利用积分方法获得单齿啮合刚度。此外,基于力平衡和变形协调条件进一步提出了齿轮时变啮合刚度计算模型,同时根据几何关系导出了相应传动误差计算式。利用有限元分析对解析计算模型进行了验证,并分析了误差来源。结果表明:利用该模型不仅能够将直齿锥齿轮啮合刚度计算精度保证在2%以内,还达到了快速求解的目的。      

预应力作用下弧齿锥齿轮的动频率计算

弧齿锥齿轮是航空发动机中的基本元件,常发生共振破坏.运用自主开发的弧齿锥齿轮设计分析系统建立了包含齿轮完整结构的有限元网格模型,并导人ANSYS软件中进行了考虑工作转速和啮合扭矩引起的预应力影响的弧齿锥齿轮动频率计算,结果表明工作转速引起的离心力和啮合扭矩对弧齿锥齿轮的振动频率有一定的影响.     

HB/Z89.1—85 《航空锥齿轮承载能力一般系数计算》介绍

部标准“航空锥齿轮承载能力计算”已于1985年6月7日发布,1985年10月1日开始实施。标准编号为HB/Z89.1～HB/Z89.4-85。这是一套重要的基础标准,适用于航空主、辅机产品的直齿和弧齿锥齿轮。它对于如何防止齿轮的损伤、失效,提高齿轮的承载能力和寿命,提高齿轮产品的可靠性和经济性均有一定作用。按本套标准计算设计的齿轮能满足新机研制的需要。 为使本套标准能尽快地得到全面的贯彻实施,本刊分两期对各项标准予以介绍。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.