Dynamics analysis of space robot manipulator with joint clearance

A computational methodology for analysis of space robot manipulator systems, considering the effects of the clearances in the joint, is presented. The contact dynamics model in joint clearance is established using the nonlinear equivalent spring-damp model and the friction effect is considered using the Coulomb friction model. The space robot system dynamic equation of manipulator with clearance is established. Then the dynamics simulation is presented and the dynamics characteristics of robot manipulator with clearance are analyzed. This work provides a practical method to analyze the dynamics characteristics of space robot manipulator with joint clearance and improves the engineering application. The computational methodology can predict the effects of clearance on space robot manipulator preferably, which is the basis of space robot manipulator design, precision analysis and ground test.     

双臂自由飞行空间机器人捕捉目标实验研究

本文主要介绍了在地面上模拟的空间微重力环境下双臂自由飞行空间机器人捕捉目标的实验。首先介绍了双臂自由飞行空间机器人地面实验平台，该实验平台由机器人模型、视觉系统、无线通讯系统、网络系统、操作台、运动规划系统、气浮系统七个子模块构成。其次简单介绍了双臂自由飞行空间机器人捕捉目标策略，最后介绍了基于该实验平台的几种实验。     

在轨服务中空间系绳的应用及发展

针对空间系绳在空间在轨服务中的应用与发展问题,在简述空间系绳传统应用及试验情况的基础上,综述了空间绳系机器人、空间绳网机器人两类新在轨应用方式的研究和发展,主要包括动力学建模、结构设计、相对状态测量、逼近/抓捕控制、拖曳变轨等。最后进一步讨论了空间系绳未来的研究方向。     

自由飘浮空间机器人地面实验系统

针对空间机器人的运动的地面模拟,基于运动学等效原理提出一种用固定基座机器人模拟空间机器人运动的方法。运用该方法,在地面用两个基座固定的六自由度工业机器人组建了一套空间机器人的地面模拟系统。应用该系统成功模拟了自由飘浮空间机器人捕获自由运动目标的运动,实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。
     

航天员微重力作业训练系统重力补偿控制策略

针对航天员微重力作业训练系统的重力场补偿控制这一关键技术,进行了理论和实验研究。分析了模拟微重力环境的机理,确定了微重力作业训练系统的总体结构方案,提出了一种基于电流反馈的重力补偿控制及多干扰力补偿控制策略。通过虚拟重力补偿控制实验,验证了在地面环境、动态作业过程中,模拟物体在不同空间重力加速度环境下的运动规律,实现了在重力方向模拟空间环境下物体移动的作业训练效果。研究成果为在地面实现三维作业训练系统的控制奠定了基础。     

多臂空间机器人的视觉伺服与协调控制

针对多臂空间机器人自主目标抓捕任务,首先建立多臂空间机器人的运动模型和其与目标的相对运动模型,采用Kane方法建立多臂空间机器人的动力学模型;其次,研究基于视觉伺服的机械臂在线轨迹规划算法,并引入零反作用机动,消除机械臂运动对平台姿态的扰动;再次,在不使用零反作用机动功能时,分别使用基于角动量前馈补偿的协调控制算法和逆动力学方法设计了协调控制器,在机械臂运动时保持平台姿态和相对目标的位置。最后,开发了基于Matlab的仿真软件MASS（多臂空间机器人仿真）,仿真结果校验了上述方法的有效性。     

带有柔性补偿的柔性关节空间机器人的增广自适应控制及关节振动抑制

The problems of joint motion control and flexible vibration suppression of a flexible joint space based robot for manipulating an unknown payload are studied. Based on the system linear momentum conservation and the Lagrange method, the under actuated dynamics model of the space robot is established. For convenience of the design of its control system, the system is divided into both fast and slow subsystems by using the joint flexibility compensation technique and the singular perturbation theory. A torque differential feedback controller is proposed for the fast subsystem to suppress the joints’ flexible vibration, meanwhile an adaptive control scheme based on the augmentation approach is designed for the slow subsystem to realize the joint trajectory asymptotic tracking under the condition of unknown payload parameters. Because of introduction of the flexibility compensation technique, the presented control scheme can equivalently increase the joint stiffness, and it is suitable to control the space robot systems with low joint stiffness. Moreover, the effect of unknown parameters is real time compensated by its adaptive controller, and then the specified joint motion task is achieved precisely. The effectiveness of the scheme is verified by the corresponding simulation results.     

空间机械臂建模方法与控制策略研究

针对刚柔耦合空间机械臂动力学建模中对柔性体采用的传统描述方法（有限元法、模态综合法以及集中参数法等）并不足以精确描述柔性大变形的问题,采用绝对节点坐标法描述柔性体,采用自然坐标法描述刚性体,建立了末端带集中质量的双连杆柔性机械臂的动力学模型并且研究了机械臂的空间定位问题。结合广义α法以及工程上常用的Scaling技术,开发了计算程序,实现了动力学方程的高效精确数值求解。针对机械臂的空间定位以及柔性变形问题,提出了一种运动规划方案,采用PD控制策略,实现了机械臂的运动跟踪控制;仿真结果表明：提出的运动规划方案能有效地减弱机械臂的柔性变形。     

柔性绳网动力学建模与天地差异性分析

采用有限元模型研究了柔性绳网系统的动力学特性。针对空间绳网直接弹射展开方式,首先将绳网离散为若干单元,各单元处理为非线性“半阻尼弹簧”模型,然后分别计算各单元所受气动力和重力,最终建立绳网系统多柔体动力学模型。基于所建立的动力学模型分别对柔性绳网在地面和太空展开的动力学过程进行了仿真分析,研究了绳网在展开面积、空间位形和飞行距离等方面的天地差异性及其动力学机理,为未来空间绳网系统的分析设计提供理论参考。     

Vibration control of a flexible space manipulator during on orbit operations

Space manipulators are complex systems, composed by robotic arms accommodated on an orbiting platform. They can be used to perform a variety of tasks: launch of satellites, retrieval of spacecraft for inspection, maintenance and repair, movement of cargo and so on. All these missions require extreme precision. However, in order to respect the mass at launch requirements, manipulators arms are usually very light and flexible, and their motion involves significant structural vibrations, especially after a grasping maneuver. In order to fulfill the maneuvers of space robotic systems it is hence necessary to properly model the forces acting on the space robot, from the main terms, such as the orbital motion, to the second order perturbations, like the gravity gradient and the orbital perturbations; also flexible excitation of the links and of the joints can be of great importance in the manipulators dynamics. The case is furthermore complicated by the fact that the manipulator, together with its supporting spacecraft, is an unconstrained body. Therefore the motion of any of its parts affects the entire system configuration. The governing equations of the dynamics of such robotic systems are highly nonlinear and fully coupled. The present paper aims at designing and studying active damping strategies and relevant devices that could be used to reduce the structural vibrations of a space manipulator with flexible links during its on orbit operations. In particular an optimized adaptive vibration control via piezoelectric devices is proposed. The number of piezoelectric devices, their placement and operational mode should be correctly chosen in order to obtain maximum performance in terms of elastic oscillations reduction and power consumption. Even though an optimal placement cannot have a universal validity, since it depends on the type of maneuver and on the overall inertial and geometrical characteristics, an approach to solve the problem is proposed.     

系统框架建模逻辑思路探索（英文）

China's space technology has gradually improved from the early stages' introduction, absorption and re-innovation based on backward design to independent innovation based on forward design. It is necessary to develop a new approach of systems engineering to improve the quality and efficiency of space systems design considering the large number of original design problems expected in the future. Adopting Model-Based Systems Engineering(MBSE) and Digital Twin method are important development initiatives in the field of modern engineering design. In the initial phase of system design, it is necessary to generate firm system architecture models based on the needs of stakeholders. The quality of the system design in this phase has a great impact on the detailed design and implementation for the subsequent system, and also plays an important role in the performance, development progress and cost of the whole system. Through the collaboration of cross-professional teams, modeling and model execution, comparing the model execution with expected results, MBSE has enabled digital model-level verification and validation before test verification and validation based on physical products, thus improving the design exactness, completeness and greatly reducing design errors or defects. This paper explores the logical ideas behind modeling of system architectures in order to promote the adoption of MBSE in the field of space systems.     

深空光通信技术现状及发展趋势

深空通信是深空探测任务顺利进行的重要保障。以激光为载波的通信系统具有通信速率高、体积小、重量轻和功耗低等特点，已成为深空通信未来发展的主要方向。总结了深空光通信系统的发展现状和未来发展趋势，分析了深空光通信系统的组成以及关键技术。在此基础上，就未来技术发展、组网规划、标准化和生态演进、演示验证等方面，给出了我国深空光通信发展的思考和建议。     

空间合作目标运动再现的相似设计方法研究

以相似理论为基础设计一种绝对运动等效代换方案以在地面试验中实现空间合作目标绝对运动与相对运动同时再现。首先应用量纲分析法给出空间合作目标轨道姿态动力学问题地面试验的相似准则;然后,提出绝对运动等效代换方法,并以此为基础建立运动再现地面试验模拟器的轨道姿态动力学方程;最后以航天器交会对接最终逼近段地面验证试验为例给出地面试验系统验证方案的具体实施步骤,并通过仿真算例说明所提方法的有效性。     

机器人在轨构建空间桁架结构的装配序列规划方法

针对机器人在轨构建空间桁架结构的装配序列规划问题,提出一种可同时求解装配单元装配序列与机器人运动的序列规划方法.首先设计了装配机器人并建立了动力学模型;其次,对机器人在整个装配过程中的运动进行了分类并分别给出了规划与控制方法;然后,建立了装配序列规划的评价指标并采用离散粒子群算法求解.最后,以常用空间桁架结构为例,通过...     

一种改进阻尼倒数的空间机器人避奇异算法

针对自由漂浮空间机器人运动规划过程中存在的动力学奇异问题,提出一种动力学奇异转化加改进阻尼倒数的奇异回避算法。首先,通过运动学分解,间接求解机器人逆运动学方程,避免直接求解逆广义雅可比矩阵,以实现奇异参数的分离;然后,采用改进的高斯分布阻尼因子的阻尼倒数代替奇异参数的普通倒数,回避运动学奇异的影响。与现有阻尼倒数方法相比,提高了算法在奇异点附近的连续性,进一步减小了算法带来的跟踪误差。在PUMA类型空间机器人模型上进行仿真试验,校验算法的有效性。     

空间碎片软捕获姿轨控模型构建与仿真

为构建利用柔性机械臂捕获空间碎片的系统仿真模型,首先分析梳理空间碎片捕获典型任务流程,包括轨道转移、位置保持、路径规划、动量稳定控制等阶段;然后针对任务流程分别搭建基于Simu Link的路径规划、动量缓冲控制、姿态控制、动力学和轨道仿真等子系统;各个子系统之间以TCP/IP的方式进行数据交互,最终完成空间碎片软捕获任务姿轨控仿真系统的构建。     

基于轨迹规划的自由漂浮空间机器人抓取运动物体的研究

针对空间机器人非完整性和冗余性，对笛卡空间下的轨迹规划问题进行了研究。在此基础上，分析了空间机器人抓取运动物体的策略，提出了基于轨迹规划的空间机器人路径规划方法，并以三自由度空间机器人为例，对空间机器人抓取运动目标体的问题进行了研究，该方法是开环控制方法，但由于在进行轨迹跟踪过程中，误差不累积，得到的实际曲线与理论曲线相近，误差达到了规定的范围。     

Space station freedom ground systems program—A survey

The Space Station Freedom will be a permanently manned, low-Earth orbit research facility, elements of which are being provided by the United States, Canada, countries of the European Space Agency and Japan. The facility will be assembled in space and operated well into the twenty-first century. The ground infrastructure must be able to support both assembly and long-term operations. The infrastructure will consist of ground facilities, support systems and the associated planning and management procedures. The key facilities identified to support Space Station Freedom Program (SSFP) integrated operations and their SSFP roles will be described in detail in this paper.

Requirements for the integrated ground infrastructure are developed and controlled within the SSFP requirements documentation and baselining processes. A Ground Systems Program directive summarizes key operations functions, roles and responsibilities of the various program participants. During 1992, the SSFP is conducting a major program review of the ground infrastructure including the definition of all facility and support system functional capabilities, interfaces and dataflow requirements. Operations functionality and interface verification tests are being identified and operations readiness dates are being established.     

虚拟样机技术在双模制导系统研制中的应用

将虚拟样机技术用于双模制导系统的研制。以Pro／E为三维实体特征建模工具，MSC、ADAMS为运动学和动力学分析工具，Matlab为控制分析软件，对机械系统和控制系统进行联合分析和调试。给出了机械模型、控制模型和两者间的输入输出，以及目标运动模型的建立方法。试验结果表明，所设计的虚拟样机能用于动态校核、参数优化、回归设计和演示验证，并能进行运动分析和干涉检测、跟踪以及交班试验等。     

基于角动量守恒的空间机器人动力学参数辩识

空间机器人由于加工、装配误差以及在轨燃料消耗等因素使其名义公称参数与实际 动力学参数相比存在一定的误差。空间机器人路径规划和地面机器人不同,其广义雅克比 矩阵包含动力学参数,使计算的轨迹偏离实际要求的路径,引起末端位姿误差。本文根 据自由飘浮空间机器人的角动量守恒方程式,对一种两自由度空间机器人的基座以及机械臂 的各个关节分别单独做三次多项式轨迹激励,利用基于偏差模型的最小二乘法和遗传算 法对动力学参数进行辨识。仿真结果表明,遗传算法的计算稳定性和对动力学参数辩识精 度优于最小二乘法。〖JP〗