A novel single thruster control strategy for spacecraft attitude stabilization

Feasibility of achieving three axis attitude stabilization using a single thruster is explored in this paper. Torques are generated using a thruster orientation mechanism with which the thrust vector can be tilted on a two axis gimbal. A robust nonlinear control scheme is developed based on the nonlinear kinematic and dynamic equations of motion of a rigid body spacecraft in the presence of gravity gradient torque and external disturbances. The spacecraft, controlled using the proposed concept, constitutes an underactuated system (a system with fewer independent control inputs than degrees of freedom) with nonlinear dynamics. Moreover, using thruster gimbal angles as control inputs make the system non-affine (control terms appear nonlinearly in the state equation). This necessitates the control algorithms to be developed based on nonlinear control theory since linear control methods are not directly applicable. The stability conditions for the spacecraft attitude motion for robustness against uncertainties and disturbances are derived to establish the regions of asymptotic 3-axis attitude stabilization. Several numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed controller and validate the theoretical results. The control algorithm is shown to compensate for time-varying external disturbances including solar radiation pressure, aerodynamic forces, and magnetic disturbances; and uncertainties in the spacecraft inertia parameters. The numerical results also establish the robustness of the proposed control scheme to negate disturbances caused by orbit eccentricity.     

航天器新型非奇异饱和终端滑模姿态控制

针对刚体航天器姿态机动过程中存在的控制饱和与外部干扰问题,提出一类基于新型非奇异饱和终端滑模面的有限时间控制器设计方法。该控制方案不仅保证姿态机动过程的快速性,而且避免了传统的终端滑模面所带来的奇异性问题。此外,本文建议的控制器不仅显式考虑执行器输出力矩的饱和幅值要求,使航天器在饱和幅值的约束下完成姿态控制任务,而且控制器的设计对外部干扰的上界没有任何要求,也无需作任何小角度的假设。进一步的稳定性分析表明,通过引入新型非奇异饱和终端滑模,该控制器使得闭环系统能够快速收敛到滑模面的微小邻域内,继而收敛到平衡点的微小邻域内,并且系统对外部干扰具有较强的鲁棒性。数值仿真校验了该控制器在姿态机动过程中的性能。     

Robust decentralized attitude control of spacecraft formations under time-varying topologies,model uncertainties and disturbances

This paper investigates the robust decentralized attitude control problem for spacecraft formations under uncertain communication topologies. Based on modified Rodrigues parameters representation and a Lagrange-like model, a class of decentralized attitude control schemes designed by the use of sliding mode control approach is proposed to steer the attitude of the spacecraft formation to a time-varying reference states with no assumption on the information exchange graph. By taking into account the model uncertainties and external disturbances simultaneously, the proposed robust control strategies are proven effective to overcome these unexpected phenomena. Finally, numerical examples are included to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the developed control schemes.     

过驱动航天器飞轮故障重构与姿态容错控制

针对四反作用飞轮配置的刚体航天器执行机构故障以及外部干扰等问题,提出一种姿态容错控制分配算法。该方法通过设计滑模观测器,实现在有限时间内对执行机构故障与外部干扰的精确重构;特别地,应用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了所设计的控制器能够在有限时间内实现对闭环姿态的全局渐近稳定控制,且该控制策略可实现对反作用飞轮故障与外部干扰的鲁棒性。此外,采用计算量较小的基序最优控制分配方法快速实现了期望控制力矩到四反作用飞轮指令控制力矩分配。最后,针对某型号航天器以及各种反作用飞轮故障进行数值仿真,仿真结果表明所设计过驱动航天器飞轮故障重构与姿态容错控制方法能够在线、及时、精准地完成故障重构与控制分配。     

Decentralized sliding-mode control for spacecraft attitude synchronization under actuator failures

This paper examines attitude synchronization and tracking problems with model uncertainties, external disturbances, actuator failures and control torque saturation. Two decentralized sliding mode control laws are proposed and analyzed based on algebraic graph theory. Using Barbalat׳s Lemma, it is shown that the control laws guarantee each spacecraft approaches the desired time-varying attitude and angular velocity while maintaining attitude synchronization among the other spacecraft in the formation. The first controller is designed in the presence of model uncertainties, external disturbances, and actuator failures. The results are extended to the case with control input saturation in the second controller. Both control laws do not require online identification of failures. Numerical simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed attitude synchronization and tracking approaches.     

考虑执行器安装偏差时航天器姿态稳定的控制分配

针对存在执行机构安装偏差和外干扰的航天器姿态控制问题,提出一类基于反步法的自适应滑模控制策略,该方法在实现姿态控制快速性和高精度的同时,能有效地避免因执行机构安装偏差引起的不确定性所导致的控制奇异现象。在此基础上,考虑到执行机构冗余特性,进一步提出一种基于能量最优约束二次规划的动态控制分配算法来完成期望指令到执行机构的指令分配,克服了传统伪逆法难以考虑的控制力矩位置和速度约束,减少了系统功耗,实现了分配后控制力矩的平稳性和能量最优。最后,将提出的控制方案应用于某型轮控刚体航天器的姿态稳定任务中,仿真结果验证了提出方法的可行性、有效性。     

基于自抗扰技术的挠性航天器高精度指向控制

针对存在外部干扰和模型不确定性的挠性航天器,提出了一类新颖的基于自抗扰技术的控制方案,实现无姿态角速度反馈的航天器对目标高精度姿态指向控制。对目标相对姿态指向控制系统进行建模,引入一光滑连续秦函数,构造三阶扩张观测器,观测系统姿态角速度和总扰动,并利用其实现动态补偿线性化及扰动抑制。针对单框架控制力矩陀螺群作为执行机构常存在的奇异,引入零空间空转指令设计了一类奇异避免操纵律。将控制系统方案用于某挠性航天器模型,仿真结果验证了方案的有效性、合理性。     

Distributed attitude synchronization of formation flying via consensus-based virtual structure

This paper presents a general framework for synchronized multiple spacecraft rotations via consensus-based virtual structure. In this framework, attitude control systems for formation spacecrafts and virtual structure are designed separately. Both parametric uncertainty and external disturbance are taken into account. A time-varying sliding mode control (TVSMC) algorithm is designed to improve the robustness of the actual attitude control system. As for the virtual attitude control system, a behavioral consensus algorithm is presented to accomplish the attitude maneuver of the entire formation and guarantee a consistent attitude among the local virtual structure counterparts during the attitude maneuver. A multiple virtual sub-structures (MVSSs) system is introduced to enhance current virtual structure scheme when large amounts of spacecrafts are involved in the formation. The attitude of spacecraft is represented by modified Rodrigues parameter (MRP) for its non-redundancy. Finally, a numerical simulation with three synchronization situations is employed to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.     

基于有向图的航天器编队鲁棒自适应姿态协同跟踪控制

针对一组有向通讯拓扑关系的编队航天器的协同控制问题,考虑航天器的模型不确定性(指惯量不确定性)以及受到的外部干扰的影响,设计了分布式自适应协同姿态跟踪控制器,使得各航天器姿态协同的同时跟踪时变的期望姿态。首先,针对由MRP参数描述的航天器误差动力学方程,选取了包含相对误差项以及绝对误差项的滑模面,将模型不确定项和外界干扰项作为整体处理,基于Lyapunov稳定性理论给出了非回归项的自适应算法和分布式协同跟踪控制律的设计方法,以使得各航天器协同收敛到期望的姿态,最后通过仿真验证了该算法的有效性、可行性。     

Design,modeling and control for a stratospheric telecommunication platform

The stratospheric airship provides a unique and promising platform for broad band telecommunication relay missions, which combine the advantages of both terrestrial and satellite communication. In this paper, the conceptual design, dynamics modeling and attitude control of the stratospheric telecommunication platform are presented. First, the stratospheric telecommunication platform is introduced, including conceptual design, configuration, energy sources, propeller and payload. Second, dynamics model of the platform is derived form the Newton–Euler formulation and the station-keeping attitude control problem is formulated. Then, the adaptive fuzzy sliding mode control scheme is proposed to develop the attitude-tracking control system, with a particular focus on parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. Finally, simulation results verify the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed control scheme. The proposed conceptual design and control scheme provide a promising approach for telecommunication relay missions using the stratospheric station-keeping airship.     

Adaptive sliding mode control for six-DOF relative motion of spacecraft with input constraint

This paper addresses the synchronized control problem of relative position and attitude for spacecraft with input constraint. First, using dual quaternion, the kinematic and dynamic models of the six-degree-of-freedom relative motion of spacecraft are introduced. Second, a new adaptive sliding mode control scheme is proposed to guarantee the globally asymptotic convergence of relative motion despite the presence of control input constraint, parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. A detailed stability analysis of the resulting closed-loop system is included. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the validity and effectiveness of the proposed controller, which has the following properties: (1) explicit accounting for the problem of input constraint, (2) fast convergent rate and accurate results can be obtained, (3) no chattering phenomenon is present in the control torque and control force, (4) self-adaptive regulation law is dynamically adjusted to ensure the tracking errors tend to zero asymptotically, (5) the upper bounds of unknown variables are estimated dynamically.     

受细胞膜放电模型启发的航天器姿态鲁棒控制

研究了具有模型参数不确定和受空间环境干扰影响的挠性航天器姿态大角度快速机动快速稳定控制问题,设计了一种受细胞膜放电模型启发的鲁棒姿态控制器。综合考虑挠性航天器的强非线性和强耦合特性,设计了对模型参数和环境干扰具有鲁棒性的姿态机动控制器。为了减小机动中姿态突变激发的挠性附件振动,基于细胞膜放电的动力学模型设计了一种改进的鲁棒控制器。当参数不确定范围和干扰有界时,所提鲁棒控制器可使闭环系统的解最终一致有界。最后,分析了控制器参数对姿态控制性能及所需能量的影响。数值仿真验证了所提鲁棒控制器用于姿态机动控制可以得到良好的效果。     

航天器姿态的非线性鲁棒分散控制器设计

研究了具有外部干扰力矩及参数不确定性的航天器姿态控制问题。针对这类多输入-多输出的不确定非线性系统，基于一种非线性鲁棒分散控制理论，设计了结构简单而易于实现的控制器。该控制器中包含的积分环节可以补偿系统的各种未知因素，同时确保恒值调节系统不存在稳态误差。仿真结果表明：所设计的鲁棒分散控制器与非线性动态逆控制器相比，具有更优越的抗干扰能力和对模型不确定的适应能力。即使系统存在外部干扰及模型小确定性，仍可在闭环系统中实现精确的姿态控制。该控制器有效地提高了航天器姿态控制的鲁棒性和适应性。     

复杂约束下的编队姿态有限时间协同控制方法

综合考虑无角速度量测、外部扰动和系统参数不确定性等约束条件的影响，研究航天器编队姿态有限时间协同控制问题。首先建立航天器相对姿态协同控制模型，利用扩张观测器实现对系统姿态角速度及耦合扰动的估计；在此基础上提出了一种有限时间滑模姿态协同控制律；通过构造合适的Lyapunov函数证明了系统相对姿态误差能够在有限时间内收敛到有界域内；将该结果推广到存在饱和输入情形下，并设计了相应的有限时间滑模姿态协同控制律。仿真结果校验了算法的有效性。     

编队卫星姿态的自适应协同控制

研究了无向信息交互条件下的多卫星姿态同步和跟踪问题,分别在模型参数精确已知和存在模型参数不确定性的情形下设计分散式协同控制算法。当模型参数精确已知时,基于滑动模态变量设计的协同控制力矩,实现了编队卫星姿态的同步机动,即保证编队卫星姿态的同步,并同时跟踪期望的时变参考姿态轨迹。当在轨卫星存在模型参数不确定性和常值未知扰动力矩时,提出了一种自适应协同控制律,仍能实现多卫星姿态的同步机动。基于Lyapunov-Krasovskii的分析表明,当星间链路存在任意未知的定常通讯时延时,本文设计的控制器有效。数值仿真算例验证了本文提出的控制算法。     

空间飞行器大角度机动递阶饱和控制律设计

针对以飞轮为执行机构的空间飞行器进行姿态大角度机动递阶饱和控制。在初始状念任意，反作用轮输出力矩受限、速率饱和约束条件下，提出递阶饱和的变结构机动策略，即针对飞行器的运动学模型，利用飞行器的误差四元数和角速度，通过绕瞬时欧拉轴旋转，引入误差凹元数限幅器，对姿态偏差进行逐次消除，提出了不需事先规划轨迹的绕欧拉轴逐次逼近控制算法。并且引入模糊推理规则来改进递阶饱和变结构控制设计，使得系统轨迹既能快速趋近滑动面又能降低抖振，有效减弱了一般变结构控制律中抖振问题，从而提高了变结构控制律的品质。     

对失控翻滚目标逼近的神经网络自适应滑模控制

针对失控航天器在空间中自由翻滚的情况,研究追踪器对失控翻滚目标逼近的位置和姿态六自由度耦合控制问题。建立追踪器与目标器相对运动的姿轨一体化动力学模型,设计追踪器逼近过程的标称轨迹和标称姿态。综合考虑系统不确定性和外部干扰,设计无抖振的神经网络自适应滑模控制器。将滑模控制与神经网络逼近相结合,采用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络对系统未知部分进行自适应逼近。由Lyapunov方法导出神经网络自适应律,通过自适应权重的调节保证整个闭环系统的稳定性。数值模拟实例说明了所设计的标称轨迹和标称姿态的合理性,同时验证了神经网络自适应滑模控制器的有效性。     

航天器连续非光滑姿态控制律设计

为了提高航天器姿态控制系统的鲁棒性和动态特性,应用非光滑控制方法设计了连续的姿态控制律,使闭环姿态控制系统具有齐次性,且齐次度为负,实现了姿态控制系统的有限时间稳定,以保证系统状态的动态特性。分别针对标称系统、参数不确定性和外部扰动等情形进行了仿真验证,仿真结果表明所设计的控制律在保证标称系统有限时间稳定性的同时,针对系统的不确定性和扰动具有鲁棒性。     

飞行器再入段最优自适应积分滑模姿态控制

针对飞行器再入段的姿态跟踪控制问题,提出了一种最优自适应积分滑模控制(Optimal Adaptive Integral Sliding Mode Control, OAISMC)方法。首先针对飞行器的标称模型设计了基于状态相依黎卡提方程(State Dependent Riccati Equation, SDRE)的姿态控制器,使标称系统的性能满足提出的最优指标。然后,考虑系统的不确定性和外部干扰,在SDRE标称控制器的基础上设计积分滑模姿态控制方法,使系统在满足性能指标要求的同时,对不确定性和干扰具有鲁棒性。进一步采用自适应方法调整切换增益,避免了对复合干扰上界的先验要求,并引入滑模干扰观测器提高系统的性能。最后,仿真结果表明,在考虑外部干扰以及气动系数和大气密度摄动的情况下,本文设计的控制方法不仅能够实现姿态跟踪、满足设计的性能指标,而且具有较好的鲁棒性。     

多航天器反步滑模SO(3)协同控制

针对多航天器系统的姿态协同控制问题，基于特殊正交群(Special Orthogonal Group, SO(3))提出了滑模协同控制设计方法。结合有向通信拓扑，建立了多航天器SO(3)姿态模型。在此基础上研究了SO(3)上协同误差形式，提出了适用于协同控制器构造的SO(3)指令设计方法。为了解决姿态奇异问题，根据SO(3)姿态特性引入补偿项并设计了相应的滑模面，进一步采用反步法完成了SO(3)协同控制器设计，同时给出稳定性分析过程。提出的反步滑模方法保证了协同控制器在整个姿态空间内的适用性，使得多航天器系统能够实现稳定的姿态协同。文中采用两组多航天器系统仿真校验了所提协同方法的有效性。