改进的基于特征函数的调制识别算法

原有的基于特征函数的调制识别算法,是将基带信号的同相分量和正交分量之和代入特征函数进行运算,计算过程丢失了部分有用信息,仅能保证特征函数的相位跟高斯白噪声无关。提出一种新方法,将基带信号以复数形式代入特征函数进行运算,不仅没有丢失信号的有用信息,并且从理论上证明计算结果跟高斯白噪声无关,继而可以使用特征函数的幅度信息对信号的调制方式进行识别。仿真证明,该算法比原有方法在识别性能上有大幅提高。     

高动态环境下惯组辅助GNSS接收机卫星导航信号的捕获

针对高动态环境下多普勒频移超出了接收机的搜索范围接收机无法捕获卫星导航信号这一问题,提出了利用INS辅助GNSS接收机卫星导航信号捕获的方法.该方法利用INS提供的载体位置、速度信息,并结合通过卫星星历(或历书)得到的卫星位置、速度估算载波多普勒频移,利用估算的载波多普勒频移重新设定GNSS接收机载波搜索中心频率,使G...     

A protocol for messaging to extraterrestrial intelligence

Messaging to extraterrestrial intelligence (METI) is a branch of study concerned with constructing and broadcasting a message toward habitable planets. Since the Arecibo message of 1974, the handful of METI broadcasts have increased in content and complexity, but the lack of an established protocol has produced unorganized or cryptic messages that could be difficult to interpret. Here we outline the development of a self-consistent protocol for messaging to extraterrestrial intelligence that provides constraints and guidelines for the construction of a message in order to maximize the probability that the message effectively communicates. A METI protocol considers several factors, including signal encoding, message length, information content, anthropocentrism, transmission method, and transmission periodicity. Once developed, the protocol will be released for testing on different human groups worldwide and across cultural boundaries. An effective message to extraterrestrials should at least be understandable by humans; releasing the protocol for testing will allow us to improve the protocol and develop potential messages. Through an interactive website, users across the world will be able to create and exchange messages that follow the protocol in order to discover the types of message better suited to cross-cultural communication. The development of a METI protocol will serve to improve the quality of messages to extraterrestrials, foster international collaboration, and extend astrobiology outreach to the public.     

长时间积累下雷达高速目标检测算法综述

隐身技术与高速飞行器的发展给雷达探测目标带来了严峻挑战,而长时间积累技术就是在信号处理领域帮助雷达进行目标检测时提高信噪比的一种有效方法。对于高速高机动目标而言,信号在长时间累积中会在距离域和多普勒域引起跨距离单元走动和跨多普勒单元走动问题。“两跨”问题会严重影响积累增益,传统的MTD（Moving Target Detection,运动目标检测）方法已经无法对信号进行能量累积。为了解决“两跨”问题,提高雷达对高速目标的探测性能,近些年已涌现很多方法,本文将依据目标运动模型把长时间积累下分为径向匀速运动下的长时间积累、径向加速运动下的长时间积累、径向高阶复杂运动下的长时间积累三类进行分析,对相应模型下的“两跨”问题与解决方法进行综述和总结,意在为后续研究提供参考。     

Museums, seti and community awareness

Commentators on the social implications of detecting an extraterrestrial civilisation have stressed the need for community education and awareness during the SETI search, and for public sources of accurate, authoritative information if and when a signal is detected. Museums have a role in community education and are recognised by the community as authoritative sources of expert information. They are, therefore, well placed to be important conduits through which information on the progress of SETI programs and any signal detection can be channelled to the public. Via both exhibitions and in-house educational activities, museums are able to provide long-term community education and awareness programs and can respond quickly with detailed and accurate information in the event of a detection. This paper will consider the role of museums in educating the public about SETI. It will present suggestions for ways in which SETI researchers can develop mutually profitable relationships with museums, and also consider some of the reasons why museums might choose not to become involved with SETI, because of the wildly sensationalised and often mis-informed controversy which has surrounded it.     

Security considerations in signal detection

This paper maintains that international security considerations are likely to present major problems to the community of scientists who first confirm the existence of an extraterrestrial technology. The discussion focuses on those activities that will affect the SETI community should a detection be made. It is probable that security agencies will require official debriefings, signal monitoring, some forms of information management, and a voice in science policy with regard to reply. The SETI community has, in the past, underestimated the constraints that are likely to be placed upon them in the post-detection environment. Such constraints present major problems for the scientific community. Response to these constraints should be discussed prior to detection.     

面向内容的航天型号质量信息建模技术研究

当前我国航天型号质量信息采取数据包的方式进行组织,缺乏统一的参考体系,管理粗放,质量信息再利用困难,针对上述问题,提出面向内容的航天型号质量信息建模技术研究.该技术以质量信息容器为对象,以特征模型为参考依据,以视图模型为载体,通过内容分析和语义标注,将蕴涵于质量信息容器内容中的质量信息挂接在结构化的质量信息视图模型上,从而实现精细化、可重用的质量信息组织.应用表明,该技术能够支持搭建产品质量与可靠性数据包管理平台,实现型号研制全生命周期质量信息追溯.     

基于多站数据融合的参数精估计方法

针对侦察设备处于星载SAR副瓣照射范围,从而导致截获信号湮没于强噪声背景这个问题,本文提出一种基于多站接收机之间的数据融合方法。在信号形式未知的情况下,通过此方法可以检测出淹没在噪声中的微弱信号,进行信号的分类和时频域参数的精估计。首先,将参考接收机与其他接收机之间进行互相关处理,得到峰值信息,根据峰值信息的位置得到信号与参考信号之间的延迟位置,进行延迟校准;其次,各个接收机分别进行粗步长的分数阶傅里叶变换（Fractional Fourier Transform,FrFT）,记录峰值信息为精估计做准备,根据峰值角度和分数阶傅里叶反变换恢复出原始信号;最后,判定是否存在信号,若信号存在实现多站原始信号功率比的加性融合,根据多站峰值信息限定旋转角度范围,采用精步长的分数阶傅里叶变换估计出调频率和中心频率;利用联合互相关谱实现信号能量的累积,采用自适应门线和边界波谷连续取小方法,找到信号存续状态中的左右边界,估计出带宽和中心频率,计算脉宽,实现时频域信号的精估计。仿真实验表明：该方法可以在低信噪比的高斯白噪声和有色噪声背景下,对线性调频信号（Chirp）的时频参数进行有效的精估计。     

正确认识山农信道容量定理

山农信道容量定理公式中的信道带宽恒为信源所发出的消息信号的带宽 ,是信道带宽的理论最小极限 ;它不同于现代通信工程中传输已调制信号时所需要的信道带宽。这是本文所证明的基本结论。这一结论将限制信道容量定理的普适性和实用性。     

The relative stability of belligerent and peaceful societies: implications for SETI

Although initially we will know virtually nothing about any society that our microwave search detects, in all likelihood their society will be far older than ours. It will have evolved mechanisms to ensure longevity. A pessimistic hypothesis would lead us to expect a powerful, aggressive and self-serving society that has vanquished all challengers. If this hypothesis were true, a response by us to their signal could be dangerous. An optimistic hypothesis, that it is the peaceful societies that survive, would lead us to expect a benign or even friendly civilization. If this second hypothesis were true, our response would gratify their scientific curiosity and perhaps lead to a useful exchange of information. Convergent evidence from the quantitative analyses of long-term historical trends and computer modeling support the optimistic hypothesis. Although not conclusive, this analysis suggests that revealing our presence in the Universe is a low risk activity.     

电子战发展趋势分析

分析和预测了电子战在七个方面的发展趋势:即电子战向信息战发展,“网电一体战”成为主要作战样式;电子信息对抗装备和技术发展将以综合一体化、联网化为主流发展方向;太空对抗将成为未来战争的重要作战手段;提高现有电子战飞机能力与发展新型电子战飞机相结合,研制隐身电子战飞机,发展多用途电子战无人机;发展新一代反辐射导弹,提升对敌防空压制能力;新概念电子信息武器将是重点发展领域;发展新型无源探测定位技术。最后指出,电子战武器将越来越成为现代战争取胜的关键因素。     

Vestibular factors influencing the biomedical support of humans in space

This paper will describe the biomedical support aspects of humans in space with respect to the vestibular system. The vestibular system is thought to be the primary sensory system involved in the short-term effects of space motion sickness although there is increasing evidence that many factors play a role in this complex set of symptoms. There is the possibility that an individual's inner sense of orientation may be strongly coupled with the susceptibility to space motion sickness. A variety of suggested countermeasures for space motion sickness will be described. Although there are no known ground-based tests that can predict space motion sickness, the search should go on. The long term effects of the vestibular system in weightlessness are still relatively unknown. Some preliminary data has shown that the otoconia are irregular in size and distribution following extended periods of weightlessness. The ramifications of this data are not yet known and because the data was obtained on lower order animals, definitive studies and results must wait until the space station era when higher primates can be studied for long durations. This leads us to artificial gravity, the last topic of this paper. The vestibular system is intimately tied to this question since it has been shown on Earth that exposure to a slow rotating room causes motion sickness for some period of time before adaptation occurs. If the artificial gravity is intermittent, will this mean that people will get sick every time they experience it? The data from many astronauts returning to Earth indicates that a variety of sensory illusions are present, especially immediately upon return to a 1-g environment. Oscillopsia or apparent motion of the visual surround upon head motion along with inappropriate eye motions for a given head motion, all indicate that there is much to be studied yet about the vestibular and CNS systems reaction to a sudden application of a steady state acceleration field like 1-g. From the above information it is obvious that the vestibular system does have unique requirements when it comes to the biomedical support of space flight. This is not to say that other areas such as cardiovascular, musculo-skeletal, immunological and hematological systems do not have their own unique requirements but that possible solutions to one system can provide continuing problems to another system. For example, artificial gravity might be helpful for long term stabilization of bone demineralization or cardiovascular deconditioning but might introduce a new set of problems in orientation, vestibular conflict and just plain body motion in a rotating space vehicle.     

一种非周期调制直扩信号扩频码估计方法

对卫星测控中一类扩频码周期与信息码周期之比为非整数的直扩信号进行了研究,得出这类信号可建模成非周期调制直扩信号,提出并讨论了一种基于差分主元分析（D PCA）的非周期调制直扩信号扩频码估计方法,该方法通过计算与差分序列协方差矩阵的最大特征值对应的特征向量完成信息码个数、子序列、信息码同步点等参数的估计,解决了传统矩阵分解方法在估计码序列时码序列相位模糊问题,理论分析和仿真结果表明该方法可以在低信噪比下进行有效估计。     

The DISC Quotient

D.I.S.C: Decipherment Impact of a Signal's Content.The authors present a numerical method to characterise the significance of the receipt of a complex and potentially decipherable signal from extraterrestrial intelligence (ETI). The purpose of the scale is to facilitate the public communication of work on any such claimed signal, as such work proceeds, and to assist in its discussion and interpretation.Building on a “position” paper rationale, this paper looks at the DISC quotient proposed and develops the algorithmic steps and comprising measures that form this post detection strategy for information dissemination, based on prior work on message detection, decipherment. As argued, we require a robust and incremental strategy, to disseminate timely, accurate and meaningful information, to the scientific community and the general public, in the event we receive an “alien” signal that displays decipherable information. This post-detection strategy is to serve as a stepwise algorithm for a logical approach to information extraction and a vehicle for sequential information dissemination, to manage societal impact.The “DISC Quotient”, which is based on signal analysis processing stages, includes factors based on the signal's data quantity, structure, affinity to known human languages, and likely decipherment times. Comparisons with human and other phenomena are included as a guide to assessing likely societal impact. It is submitted that the development, refinement and implementation of DISC as an integral strategy, during the complex processes involved in post detection and decipherment, is essential if we wish to minimize disruption and optimize dissemination.     

The cost benefits of the Spacelab system to scientific investigations and space applications

In the past, one of the major problems in performing scientific investigations in space has been the high cost of developing, integrating, and transporting scientific experiments into space. The limited resources of unmanned spacecraft, coupled with the requirements for completely automated operations, was another factor contributing to the high costs of scientific research in space. In previous space missions after developing, integrating and transporting costly experiments into space and obtaining successful data, the experiment facility and spacecraft have been lost forever, because they could not be returned to earth. The objective of this paper is to present how the utilization of the Spacelab System will result in cost benefits to the scientific community, and significantly reduce the cost of space operations from previous space programs.The following approach was used to quantify the cost benefits of using the Spacelab System to greatly reduce the operational costs of scientific research in space. An analysis was made of the series of activities required to combine individual scientific experiments into an integrated payload that is compatible with the Space Transportation System (STS). These activities, including Shuttle and Spacelab integration, communications and data processing, launch support requirements, and flight operations were analyzed to indicate how this new space system, when compared with previous space systems, will reduce the cost of space research. It will be shown that utilization of the Spacelab modular design, standard payload interfaces, optional Mission Dependent Equipment (MDE), and standard services, such as the Experiment Computer Operating System (ECOS), allow the user many more services than previous programs, at significantly lower costs. In addition, the missions will also be analyzed to relate their cost benefit contributions to space scientific research.The analytical tools that are being developed at MSFC in the form of computer programs that can rapidly analyze experiment to Spacelab interfaces will be discussed to show how these tools allow the Spacelab integrator to economically establish the payload compatibility of a Spacelab mission.The information used in this paper has been assimilated from the actual experience gained in integrating over 50 highly complex, scientific experiments that will fly on the Spacelab first and second missions. In addition, this paper described the work being done at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) to define the analytical integration tools and techniques required to economically and efficiently integrate a wide variety of Spacelab payloads and missions. The conclusions reached in this study are based on the actual experience gained at MSFC in its roles of Spacelab integration and mission managers for the first three Spacelab missions. The results of this paper will clearly show that the cost benefits of the Spacelab system will greatly reduce the costs and increase the opportunities for scientific investigation from space.     

异常值干扰下的加权中值截取相位检索算法

在航天领域的许多测量场景中,信号的相位信息容易遭到破坏。本文旨在解决有异常值干扰的相位检索问题。中值可以对抗异常值,故常作为正则化标准截取无相测量值,这会导致可用测量值的减少,从而提高测量复杂度。为克服这一难点,进行加权处理,提出了加权中值截取算法,利用可以表征指向原信号概率的权值进一步挖掘了未被截取测量值的可用信息,与同类算法相比,在测量复杂度和对抗异常值干扰方面更为优越。     

动态测量系统的逆系统设计

为了从测量信号中恢复出原始的物理信息 ,需要设计动态测量系统的逆系统 ,以使整个系统的传递函数为 1。但对于非最小相位测量系统 ,简单的逆变换会引起系统不稳定 ,零相位误差算法的引入有效地解决了这个问题。文中以温度测量为例 ,对其进行反演 ,仿真表明结果真实可靠 ,方法具有一定的实用价值     

Implicit spatial reference systems using proximity and aligment knowledge

In this paper, we explore the situation where no cardinal directions or globally available orientations are available and no metric estimates are given. This corresponds to the way many people perceive their environment and carry out spatial reasoning tasks. We consider three kinds of locally available information – proximity (nearest neighbor), relevance (different sets of neighbors) and distribution (alignments) – and we limit our interest to a universe of point objects. We show how the theory of manifolds and sheaves can be applied to the problem of combining locally available information of a qualitative nature into a global model of an environmental space. We then explore the limitations of the resulting global model if information capture is incomplete or uncertain. Finally, we note that some indeterminacy in the global model does not entail difficulties for a user, provided the reasoning task is appropriately constrained or appropriate additional information is used, such as an external reference.     

电子战中的基带雷达信号源设计

现代战争中部队信息化作战的能力已经成为战争成败的关键因素,构建高逼真度的基带雷达信号源对于电子战的指挥与训练具有重要意义。研究了一种基于FPGA 基带雷达信号源的设计。首先在上位机开发应用程序,对FPGA 进行参数配置,然后研究了DDS产生信号的原理,将关键的信号产生模块封装成AXI总线接口的IP核,增强了设计的灵活性和重用性,最后结合一片高速D／A芯片进行数模转换,完成了基带雷达信号源的设计。利用频谱仪测试了信号源的性能指标,实测表明整体设计符合电子战中对雷达系统的应用需求。