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为分析验证卫星编队飞行涉及的相对导航、制导与控制以及星间通信等问题,搭建了编队飞行的地面试验系统,采用了一块3m×4.5m的气浮平台和具有两个平动自由度和一个转动自由度的卫星仿真器分别来模拟低阻力的空间环境和编队飞行的卫星,相对导航采用了视觉相机和室内GPS两种方案,星间通信则通过蓝牙进行模拟。推导了描述仿真器间相对运动的包含参数不确定性的动力学模型,并基于此模型设计了带极点配置的鲁棒H∞控制算法,通过姿态同步和构型保持等仿真实验重点对编队飞行的相对导航、星间通信和相对状态控制进行分析验证,对实际的编队任务具有一定的参考和指导意义。 相似文献
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为提高空间作战能力,根据敌方飞行器空间传感器CCD相机的工作特性,提出设计隐身轨迹的思想。介绍了运动伪装理论的基本原理,并将其应用到空间攻击任务场景;设定x方向控制加速度为已知常值,推导了C-W相对运动方程下的理想隐身规律。仿真结果表明,隐身轨迹设计可行;隐身有效性分析进一步得到,隐身轨迹只适合在隐身走廊内应用,超出该范围隐身失效。距离目标较近时,宜采取直接打击。 相似文献
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《中国航天(英文版)》2019,(4)
Along with the increase of the number of failed satellites, plus space debris, year by year, it will take considerable manpower and resources if we rely just on ground surveillance and early warning. An alternative effective way would be to use autonomous long-range non-cooperative target relative navigation to solve this problem. For longrange non-cooperative targets, the stereo cameras or lidars that are commonly used would not be applicable. This paper studies a relative navigation method for long-range relative motion estimation of non-cooperative targets using only a monocular camera. Firstly, the paper provides the nonlinear relative orbit dynamics equations and then derives the discrete recursive form of the dynamics equations. An EKF filter is then designed to implement the relative navigation estimation. After that, the relative "locally weakly observability" theory for nonlinear systems is used to analyze the observability of monocular sequence images. The analysis results show that by relying only on monocular sequence images it has the possibility of deducing the relative navigation for long-range non-cooperative targets. Finally, numerical simulations show that the method given in this paper can achieve a complete estimation of the relative motion of longrange non-cooperative targets without conducting orbital maneuvers. 相似文献
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针对深空目标与空间相机相对运动造成的图像运动模糊问题,文章提出了一种基于图像形态学的运动模糊复原方法。首先运用图像形态学细化的方法消除图像中的冗余信息,快速提取图像中目标的特征;其次运用最小二乘法直线拟合方法对目标运动方向进行估计,再利用连通域划分结果对目标运动长度进行估计;最后采用约束最小二乘方滤波对退化模型进行逆推导运算来实现目标运动模糊复原。通过实验验证结果表明:文章提出的基于图像形态学的深空图像运动模糊复原方法能够正确估计运动模型参数,通用性强,易于在轨实现,可以处理目标与相机相对运动造成的运动模糊问题,在目标运动方向不一致的图像中取得了良好的复原效果。 相似文献
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介绍了一种推进剂管理装置(PMD),竖管-叶片式表面张力管理装置的方案和结构,讨论了该管理装置设计中的竖管、叶片和收集通道的设计等方面问题,并通过对该管理装置性能进行设计分析和计算,验证了该管理装置蓄留和供应推进剂的性能。 相似文献
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针对在轨旋转非合作目标相对状态估计中关于几何结构及惯量参数先验信息未知的问题,提出一种以双目相机对目标特征点的投影作为测量值的解耦估计方法,实现旋转非合作目标相对状态的估计。首先,建立非合目标的动力学模型和目标特征点的运动模型;其次,为避免由目标特征点与目标质心相对位置不确定引起滤波性能降低的问题,建立相对特征的运动模型及投影模型,对旋转运动和平移运动进行解耦;最后,设计相应的滤波器对非合作目标的相对状态进行估计。仿真结果表明,提出的解耦估计方法能够有效地估计出非合作目标的相对状态。 相似文献
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微振动对高分辨率空间相机成像影响的集成分析 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
文章应用集成建模思想对某型高分辨率空间相机进行了微振动影响的结构-光学集成分析。首先分别建立了该空间相机的微振动载荷模型、结构有限元模型和光学系统模型。然后对微振动载荷作用下的结构有限元模型进行动力学分析,获得空间相机各光学元件的响应位移,并输入到Code V光学模型中做光学系统仿真分析,得出MTF下降和像移情况。通过结果数据的对比分析表明,空间相机对沿坐标轴平动和转动的6种微振动载荷具有不同的响应敏感性,为改进设计、隔振抑振提供了参考。 相似文献
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《中国航天(英文版)》2020,(2)
Large constellations have developed rapidly in recent years because of their unique advantages, but they will inevitably have a major negative impact on the space debris environment, leading to its deterioration. The key to mitigate the impact is the success rate and duration of the post-mission disposal(PMD) process. Aiming at solving this problem, this paper further studies the impact of large constellations on other space assets under different PMD strategies through simulation, and proposes corresponding strategies and suggestions for mitigation.According to OneWeb's large constellation launch plan, the dangerous intersection of the large constellation with existing space assets at different stages of the constellations life cycle is calculated by simulation. Based on this, the influence of the large constellation operation on existing space assets at different times and strategies of PMD is analyzed. The conclusion shows that in the PMD stage, large constellations have the greatest impact on existing space assets; the PMD duration and number of satellites performing PMD at the same time are key factors to the degree of negative impact. The faster the PMD is, the less threat it poses to other spacecraft. More results and conclusions are still being analyzed. 相似文献
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为了促进中波红外面阵遥感相机遥感数据的应用,提出了一种在轨相对辐射定标方法。该方法根据两点定标原理,以中波红外面阵遥感图像数据为基础,利用在轨其他卫星数据获得相机入瞳处辐亮度,计算出非均匀性系数,从而实现在轨相对辐射定标。它为同类红外面阵遥感相机在轨相对辐射定标提供了一种新的思路,同时也可作为星上黑体标的一种校验手段。 相似文献
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Optical navigation for a lunar lander consists of estimating a lander's 3-dimensional (3-D) relative dynamic motion with respect to a preselected landing site using a passive 2-dimensional (2-D) video image sequence. Lunar landing missions require a lander to perform an autonomous accurate landing with simple mechanical structure, easy operation and low cost. These requirements have motivated the need to develop an advanced navigation system. Existing navigation systems trade-off simplicity, accuracy and cost. High accuracy navigation systems typically imply complexity and high cost. In this paper, we consider a scenario where the descending phase starts from an initial altitude of 10 km with a time-of-descent of 100 s. The navigation camera is an off-the-shelf optical instrument used to take the video image sequence of the landing site during the landing phase. It is fed into the motion estimation algorithm to be processed. The continuous wavelet transform (CWT) is used to analyse each image frame of the input digital video image sequence. The output is a 2-D video image motion trajectory map, which represents the projection motion of the landing site. The 2-D video image motion is projected back to the 3-D lander's relative motion based on a geometric analysis. The outputs of this estimation algorithm are the 3-D attitude motion parameters of the lander at a time corresponding to an image being taken. The attitude determination and control system (ADCS) of the lander uses these data to perform the lander's attitude control task. In this article, we provide the motion modelling for a lunar lander during the descending phase. The projection of a 3-D planar to 2-D image plane is analysed which build the correspondence between the 3-D lander's motion and the 2-D image motion. This link provides the evidence for the geometry analysis. CWT is reviewed and CWT for video image sequence analysis is also introduced. Numerical simulation of the estimated 2-D video image sequence under the lander performing a 3-D translation and yaw rotation during the terminal descent are shown to verify the proposed concepts. The analysis of the results show that the proposed method achieves highly accurate 2-D video image motion estimation of less then 1% error with significant savings of cost, mass and volume. It leads to the accurate estimation of the lander's 3-D relative motion with respect to the landing site. 相似文献
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侧摆摄影偏流角和速高比的计算模型 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
像移会使图像质量退化,分辨率下降,为此必须对像移进行补偿。文章从空间相机像移补偿的角度出发,建立了卫星遥感中偏流角和速高比的概念;通过坐标转换推导出了卫星在星下点、侧摆、俯仰摄影模式下偏流角和速高比的计算公式,从而可考虑对所产生的像移进行补偿。 相似文献
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非合作大目标位姿测量的线结构光视觉方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
空间机器人与非合作大目标交会接近最终段,单目相机不能获取完整的特征图像而无法完成相对位姿测量。针对此问题,提出基于线结构光和单目视觉的相对位姿测量方法。以非合作大目标上的局部矩形特征为测量对象,首先,建立相对位姿测量模型并给出四个测量坐标系之间的关系;其次,通过相机对不完整矩形和线结构光的约束获得四个特征点在相机坐标系下的坐标;然后,利用四个特征点计算相机坐标系与目标坐标系之间的转移矩阵;最后,将转移矩阵分解得到矩形特征的相对位姿。通过改变影响测量精度的输入误差和标定误差等因素对该方法进行仿真验证,结果表明该测量方法是有效的。 相似文献
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在长寿命卫星表面张力贮箱技术的发展中,孔板式推进剂管理装置(PMD)正在逐渐取代传统的筛网式PMD,而辐射式金属空楔结构是孔板式PMD中的最重要元件之一。主经介绍了讨论了辐射式金属空楔结构PMD元件设计中的基本问题,包括蓄留体积设计、蓄留能力设计和空楔结构性能分析等方面的主要内容,并给出了详细分析金属楔结构元件性能的一个具体设计实例。 相似文献
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The spatial motion relative to the center of mass is considered for a capsule on an elastic tether, when it is unrolled from
a spacecraft by a special program. The spacecraft is in a circular orbit and oriented relative to the local vertical, which
is guaranteed by operation of its own stabilization system. Angular motion of the capsule relative to the tether direction
is studied, and the main factors influencing the stability of this motion are analyzed. An approximate quasi-linear mathematical
model of the capsule attitude motion is obtained, which allows one to estimate the influence of major disturbances of its
motion. The results of numerical simulations are presented for characteristic cases of the capsule motion. 相似文献