一种瞬时大带宽DRFM系统的信道化设计

为实现宽带雷达回波信号的模拟生成,通常采用基于信道化技术的射频存储(DRFM)系统。在信道化DRFM系统中,不合理的信道划分方案和多相滤波器设计会导致频谱混叠、频谱分量缺失和幅度失真。文章提出了一种相邻信道频谱有50%交叠的信道划分方法,并对信道化滤波器组进行了优化设计。在此基础上,给出了一种瞬时大带宽DRFM系统的实现方案。仿真结果表明,文章提出的设计方案可以实现Nyquist采样带宽内雷达信号的射频存储和模拟转发,且具有较小的幅度失真,可以满足瞬时大带宽雷达回波信号的模拟需求。     

双通道时间差采样──一种测定叶片振动频率的方法

提出了一种测定压气机叶片振动频率的方法──双通道时间差采样法。利用二路采样信号的相关性及相位差,通过内插搜索可有效克服由于采样频率过低而造成的混叠现象。等效地提高了实际采样频率,从而正确测定出叶片的振动频率。方法具有快速简单,检测精度高,测定频率范围广的特点。     

A digital quadrature demodulation system

Existing digital quadrature demodulation techniques sample the input at either 2B Hz or 4B Hz, select the even samples as the in-phase (I), and interpolate the odd samples to give the quadrature (Q), output. The signal bandwidth is B. We propose a demodulation system to produce I and Q samples at arbitrary sampling rate greater than 2B Hz. The system eliminates the IF downconversion step with a special sampling scheme. The even samples correspond to the I component, while the Q components are the filtered output. The filter can be a lowpass or least squares (LS) filter. The lowpass filter design is based on trade-offs between the filter length and the degree of oversampling. It produces similar results as previous work when the sampling rate is 2B Hz or 4B Hz. Unlike existing methods which assume the input is white, a LS filter, on the other hand, can make use of input signal characteristics to achieve a better result. The higher the correlation in the input the larger the improvement. The cost for LS filtering is a coefficient update step if the input is time varying. A scheme to cancel dc offset from analog to digital (A/D) converters is also given     

全数字宽带接收机的并行结构

介绍了一种FFT并行结构的全数字宽带接收机，接收机中包括载波恢复，定时恢复和匹配滤波器三个主要功能部分。其特点是信号处理速率比输入Nyquist采样速率低得多，而且其中的匹配滤波器和定时校正恢复可以在频域上有效地实现，这种结构特别适合于卫星通信中每秒几百兆比特速率的高速数据传输应用。     

Reduction of aliasing ambiguities through phase relations

A method for digital determination of a single frequency from a sine wave sampled at less than the Nyquist rate is discussed. The method makes use of phase shift information to eliminate the aliasing ambiguity. Multiple sampled data are required to eliminate ambiguity completely. Computer modeling using simulated data corrupted by uncorrelated Gaussian noise was used to verify the approach. The results demonstrate that the frequency of an input sine wave can be correctly identified. This approach can be applied to electronic warfare (EW) receivers to increase their input bandwidth     

具有（N-1）/2次乘法的快速傅里叶变换

 本文提出递归傅里叶变换的一种快速实现方法。对于一个质数长度的离散傅里叶变换,仅需用一个复数系数就可以递归算出全部N个（N=P）频率分量。恰当地选用这个系数,使其为2^-m形式,就可以用（m-1）次移位代替乘法,免去了递归结构内部的乘法,大大提高运算速度。这种方法结构简单,总共需用（N-1）/2次实数常数乘法,尤其适于硬件实现。文中给出快速运算的系数表、硬件实现的方案及乘法次数的比较,讨论了系数误差的影响,并提出了高精度实现的方案。     

利用一维像序列时域差分估计目标进动频率

针对弹道目标识别中目标运动特征参数估计问题,提出一种一维距离像（HRRP）序列时域差分目标进动频率估计方法,该方法首先对一维距离像进行归一化处理,利用峰值法对齐相邻一维距离像,然后计算相邻一维距离像之间的差分值,获得相邻一维距离像差分值序列,最后采用快速傅里叶变换（FFT）从该差分值序列中估计目标进动频率。该方法具有以下优点：利用相邻一维距离像差分值序列能够增强目标进动频率成份,降低其他频率成份,更有利于进动频率的估计;只需要对齐相邻2个一维距离像,而避免了对齐一维距离像序列所带来的问题。利用由FEKO软件计算的进动目标宽带一维距离像仿真数据进行了实验,结果表明所提方法比常规的加权累积法更有效,估计精度更高。     

飞机螺旋桨噪声的数值计算

介绍一种螺旋桨厚度噪声和载荷噪声声压时间历程的计算方法。本方法是基于对FW-H方程的准确求解,并限制螺旋桨叶尖相对速度为亚音速。螺旋桨几何参数以及观察点位置等在三个坐标系中描述,应用Newton迭代法求解延迟时间方程,表面积分是应用标准三次样条函数计算,最后应用标准FFT程序计算噪声的频谱。通过实例计算发明本文方法计算的时域和频域结果均令人满意。     

406 MHz ELT signal spectra for SARSAT

The signal format and spectral properties of the 406-MHz emergency locator transmitter (ELT) used in the search and rescue satellite aided tracking (SARSAT) system are examined. The ELT improves location estimate accuracies and can relay information about the particular aircraft and its problem, by means of the digitally modulated message fields. It is shown that due to the RF signal frequency characteristics and the Doppler shift, processing must be performed over a frequency band of approximately 25 kHz. Through the use of the fast Fourier transformation (FFT), the frequency spectrum of the ELT is analyzed, taking account of effects due to noise, multiple simultaneously received signals, and Doppler shift. It is demonstrated that the FFT provides an effective means for detecting and recognizing the presence of one or more ELT signals over this 25-kHz frequency band. Some recommendations are made to improve the spectral characteristics and the performance of the ELT     

Frequency Domain Interpolation

A formula is derived for interpolation between output samples of a fast Fourier transform (FFT), i.e., in the frequency domain. Such a formula is useful for obtaining greater frequency resolution when two coarse FFT outputs are available. Consideration is also given to the effect of such interpolation on a weighted FFT.     

FFT处理器的FPGA设计

在雷达信号处理中,FFT占有很重要的位置,其运算时间影响整个系统的性能。传统的实现方法速度很慢,难以满足雷达信号处理的实时性要求。针对这一现状,本文研究FFT算法的VHDL程序设计方法;讨论新一代大容量、高速FPGA实现FFT处理中的若干问题;时序分析结果与matlab计算结果相一致,验证了程序的正确性。利用FPGA实现FFT处理,运算速度非常快,可以满足需要高速处理的应用场合。     

Non-synchronous blade vibration analysis of a transonic fan

This study numerically investigates the aeromechanic behavior of a transonic fan model with a flat tip-leading-edge on the NASA rotor 67 test case. Single-passage unsteady calculations at a near stall operating point of 82% design speed show that the dominant frequencies of mass flow were not the harmonics of the rotor rotational frequency. A full-annulus fluid–structure interaction analysis was subsequently carried out to examine the unsteady flows and their interactions with blade vibrations. The results show that the modal displacement of the backward traveling seventh nodal diameter of the second torsion mode grew exponentially, which reveals that the blade vibration was non-synchronous. The vibration pattern indicates that the aerodynamic mode was resonant with the structural vibration mode. Around the rotor tip, the circumferential vortical propagation induced by interactions among the main flow, tip leakage flow, and tip clearance vortex was the source of aerodynamic excitation. To clarify the mechanism of the non-synchronous vibration, the coupling between aerodynamic disturbance and structural response, i.e., aliasing, was summarized. The frequency spectra of the fluctuating pressure show that an aerodynamic Backward Traveling Wave (BTW) was co-aliased to a structural BTW due to the propagation of the circumferential vortex. The correlation between the frequency and free convective speed of the aerodynamic disturbance determined the directions of aliasing.     

Split vector radix algorithm for two-dimensional Hartley transform

A fast algorithm is presented which computes the two-dimensional Hartley transform. This algorithm is referred to as the split vector radix algorithm. It uses the decimation in frequency decomposition and, due to its in-place property, it does not require midmemory devices or matrix transposition. Its computational structure is simpler than that of the algorithm of L.Z. Chen (1983), and it is easy to program. Compared with the vector radix algorithm of R. Kumaresan and P.K. Gupta (1986), the proposed algorithm saves about 35% of the multiplication and 10% of the additions for the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of a 4096*4096 real valued input sequence.<>     

高速数据采集和分析系统研究

为了在地面实验中监测航空发动机的振动情况和进行故障诊断, 研制了高速数据采集系统、信号处理系统以及基于模糊聚类方法上的故障诊断系统。在数据采集系统中采用并行A/D结构以提高采集速度;研制高性能的数字倍频电路以准确实现整周期采样。利用软、硬件结合的方法对测试结果进行补偿, 提高了相位精度。用标准信号和现场试验信号进行考核, 结果表明该系统能很好满足测量要求。      

快速傅立叶变换的多机并行计算

快速傅立叶变换(FFT)运算速度相比离散傅立叶变换(DFT)提高了1至2个数量级,但当离散信号的有限序列太长时,FFT算法同样也无法满足实时系统的需要.本文提出一种基于共享存储的多处理机计算FFT的并行算法,并给出该算法的性能分析.计算机仿真实验表明,该FFT并行算法有效、高速,适合于实时处理系统.     

Effect of Sampling Time Jitter on Array Performance

The effect on array SNR of errors in sampling times (jitter) isan analyzed for the "Bryn processor." Jitter is modeled as a discrete-paramter er random process, and expressions for array SNR are determined as a function of signal and noise spectra and jitter characteristics. For a plane wave signal, it is found that jitter in the data used to design the processor has no effect on output SNR if the noise is independent between channels. However, jitter in the input (evaluation) n) data can cause a substantial loss in peak array SNR and in the array's frequency selectivity. These losses can be expected to increase as the high-frequency content of the data increases. The Bryn processor also loses its interpretation as a likelihood ratio processor in the presence of jitter. The effect of jitter can be reduced in many cases by increasing the sampling rate.     

用矩量法研究直升机高频天线电磁特性的旋翼调制效应

 基于面元模型的矩量法与快速多极子方法结合分析了直升机机载高频通信天线电磁特性的旋翼调制效应。通过三维计算机辅助实体建模技术,建立了一个尺度与真实直升机相当的仿真模型,实现了机体表面网格的自动剖分。应用准静态法和FFT技术,计算分析了旋转桨叶对天线辐射场幅度和频率的调制效应,还分析了桨叶旋转对天线输入导纳和互导纳的影响。计算结果表明,旋转桨叶对直升机机载天线辐射场产生了显著的影响。本方法亦适用于其它类型的直升机和其它具有旋转桨叶的载体上天线电磁特性的分析。     

Feasibility,and Contribution to Ocean Circulation Studies,of Ocean Bottom Pressure Determination

An assessment is presented of the probable magnitude of ocean signals causing aliasing in ocean bottom pressure measurements from the GRACE satellite mission. Even after modelling as much of the high frequency signal as possible, variability between 1 mbar (in quiet ocean regions) and 10 mbar (on some shelves) is likely to remain. Interpretation of the resulting retrievals will therefore rely on the facts that the satellite sampling will average the aliasing signal to some extent, and that the spatial patterns of aliased signal and true signal will be different. To this end, a theoretical argument is given, and supported by model diagnostics, suggesting that observable bottom pressure signals will be strongly constrained by the shape of the ocean floor. The modelled magnitudes offer the prospect of significant detectable signals and, while the model accuracy can be called into question, there are hints from Earth rotation and satellite orbit measurements that significant mass redistributions occur in the ocean. It seems certain that we will learn something new about the oceans from GRACE. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

直通型篦齿封严特性的试验

对真实尺寸下直通型篦齿的封严特性进行了试验,考察了几何参数及转速对篦齿封严特性的影响,结果表明:①在试验范围内,篦齿泄漏系数均随雷诺数的增加而增大;②泄漏系数随齿数的增加而降低;③同一雷诺数下,间隙较小时泄漏系数较大;④小间隙(s=0.4,0.5 mm)时,转速对泄漏系数的影响不大;间隙为s=0.6 mm时,转速影响泄漏系数的界限为2 000 r/min.      

基于稀疏重构的混叠脉冲序列的周期估计

针对于以往方法在克服抖动大和缺失率高的混叠脉冲信号周期估计上的不足,提出了一种基于稀疏重构的混叠脉冲序列的隐藏子周期估计新方法。该方法首先针对由多个具有不同周期的脉冲串混合而成脉冲序列进行插值重采样,然后利用由Ramanujan构造的周期字典,建立了混叠脉冲序列的稀疏表示模型,最后采用联合l_2,0混合范数算法求得混叠脉冲序列的周期估计。方法的优点是具有较强抗噪能力和抗脉冲缺失能力,并且不受初相的改变影响。所需要较少的脉冲数据长度就能得到准确的周期稀疏解。仿真实验表明,所提方法具有更好的估计性能。