基于故障树的APU无引气分析及维修建议

根据某航空公司的历史数据,APU无引气是APU故障的常见形式.本文基于故障树分析方法对APU无引气事件进行安全性分析.以APU无引气为顶事件构建故障树,计算出顶事件发生概率,结合故障树的最小割集和概率重要度,确定导致顶事件发生的主要原因,并提出相应改进措施.     

舱门微动开关系统误示概率分析

针对飞机微动开关系统误示舱门关闭和锁定故障,以微动开关系统工作原理为基础,分析导致该故障模式的故障原因,构建微动开关系统误示舱门关闭和锁定故障树,提出了失效概率分析方法,对舱门机构故障失效进行定量概率计算,改变了以往仅靠定性分析的思路,可对相似机构故障失效分析提供有益参考。     

民用飞机舱门模式选择机构分析

在有机组成员和旅客的区域,当起落架放下和收起时撞损着陆、并考虑飞机可能着火时,客机的作为应急出口类型的舱门必须具有能迅速撤离的应急措施。通常采用应急滑梯包,在紧急情况下辅助乘客逃生至地面。同时要求从内部和外部正常开启舱门时,必须保证滑梯包不能被打开。为满足舱门设计要求,通常由模式选择机构和应急滑梯机构来实现。以某机型登机门的机构为例,通过分析模式选择机构的组成和功能及给出的2个机构中传感器的监控顺序,对后续该机构的设计有一定的指导性意义。     

某型运输机后登机门空中异常打开故障分析

针对一起运输机后登机门在空中异常打开故障,分析故障产生的可能原因,绘制故障树进行故障排查分析,最终定位故障源并提出解决措施。     

基于隐蔽故障和多失效模式耦合的应急门安全性分析

民用飞机翼上应急门具有特殊性,故障存在一定的隐蔽性,因此合理地分析其安全性尤为重要。本文明确应急门隐蔽故障的评估和选取方式,在底事件失效概率的求解过程中引入隐蔽故障暴露时间,建立应急门空中意外打开故障树;将常规构建的“公差累积导致闩轴运动不到位”底事件考虑成由公差累积和结构磨损共同作用导致的闩轴运动不到位问题,细化故障树底事件建模技术,开展安全性分析,并对故障树细化前后可靠性分析结果进行对比。结果表明：细化后的故障树更符合工程实际,应急门可靠性分析结果更准确。     

民用航空发动机顶层故障事件的概率计算研究

为满足民用航空发动机的安全性目标,发动机顶层故障事件(顶事件)的风险应被控制至可接受状态。针对顶事件的风险控制要求,细化为顶事件的预期发生概率应被控制至可接受值以下。基于顶事件的预期发生概率要求,提出了从上到下分析导致顶事件发生的潜在原因并逐级建造故障树的方法,阐述了故障树分析的开展时机及作用。然后,对顶事件发生概率的计算进行了研究,通过考虑顶事件的飞行阶段影响因素、故障树最小割集及其概率、底事件失效率及其风险时间,提出了顶事件发生概率的计算模型。同时,结合示例对顶事件发生概率的计算模型进行了应用,以验证顶事件概率计算方法的可行性。提出顶事件概率计算模型,为发动机顶层故障事件风险控制要求提供有力的技术支撑。     

航空发动机转子非包容顶层事件安全性分析与思考

结合某型航空发动机的结构特点,创建了转子非包容顶层事件故障树。按故障树思路,对某型发动机进行了转子非包容故障树安全性综合分析;为避免转子非包容故障的发生,做了大量设计、计算分析、部件和整机试验工作;对可能出现的转子非包容故障采取了有针对性的措施。经试验和试车验证,某型发动机转子非包容顶层事件发生的概率极小,其安全性有保障。     

发动机加力燃油调节系统故障树分析

以涡扇发动机中较为典型的加力燃油调节系统为例．在发动机修理过程中对系统进行故障树分析,确定引起故障事件的底事件和故障模式．找出系统薄弱环节并采取有针对性的措施,提高发动机的修理质量。     

民用飞机共模故障分析方法研究

共模故障是一种相依失效事件,该事件的存在增加了复杂系统的联合失效概率,降低了冗余系统的可靠度,给系统设备带来了巨大的安全隐患。论述了共模故障的基本概念,分析了产生共模故障的原因,给出了共模故障定性分析过程,分别提出了基于扩展故障树和马尔柯夫分析的共模故障失效概率计算方法,在安全性分析领域进行了有益的探索。     

分离式飞行数据记录与跟踪系统可靠性分析

采用故障树分析方法分析了新型分离式飞行数据记录与跟踪系统的可靠性。通过搭建以系统失效为顶事件的故障树,获得了最小割集、顶事件的发生概率以及各分系统的失效概率排序。通过对比各分系统的关键重要度,找出了分离式飞行数据记录与跟踪系统中最薄弱的部分,并进行了改进。结果表明,缓降分系统对总系统可靠性的影响最大,通过多充气模块可以显著提高缓降系统的可靠性。但当充气模块多于2套时,增加充气模块并不能进一步明显提高系统的可靠性。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.