航空拖靶系统飞行动力学分析与建模

该文以某型航空拖靶系统为例,简要分析了由"拖机-拖缆-拖靶"组成的航空拖靶系统的飞行动力学特点及需要解决的主要技术问题,并对该系统的基本数学模型进行了初步分析和探讨.     

现代航空拖靶系统的发展与应用

该文以美军使用的航空拖靶系列为素材,概要阐述了航空拖靶系统的组成、技术性能、特点.     

拖缆张力计算及断缆飞行速度的确定

拖靶作为空靶系统的重要一环,在拖航过程中拖缆所受张力必须限定在允许值内.根据稳定拖航状态下拖靶和拖缆的受力状态分析,给出了拖缆张力、倾角与拖航速度、高度以及拖缆参数等量的关系式.运用公式计算得出了拖靶拖缆的张力值和曲线.依据张力-速度曲线与拖缆的抗拉强度确定了不同情况下致断拖缆的临界飞行速度.     

航空拖靶系统大长度拖缆飞行参数计算与分析

针对航空拖靶系统中大长度拖缆张力、下沉量等参数设计问题,给出了计算方法。结合某拖靶系统大长度拖缆的设计,对拖缆进行了多种结构组成状态下的飞行参数计算和对比分析,给出了优化后的设计结果,并应用于实际产品。经飞行验证,取得了满意的效果。     

基于高度控制的拖靶定高飞行分析

超低空飞行的航空拖靶需要高精度的高度控制,而作为试验和训练的消耗性装备,其低成本设计要求使得航空拖靶不能采用常规飞行器的高度控制方法。针对以拖曳力为飞行动力的航空拖靶,研究其基于非姿态控制的定高飞行的运动特性。定高飞行航空拖靶采用高稳定性的气动布局,并基于准直接力控制的升降舵面进行高度调整操纵。通过建立拖靶的纵向运动数学模型,设计非姿态控制定高飞行控制方法,详细分析拖靶气动特性,并进行定高飞行控制的仿真计算。计算结果给出拖靶的高度控制能力及飞行状态,结果表明拖靶具有一定的高度调整能力,可以实现定高飞行。     

STW1多用途拖靶的设计与制造

本文介绍ＳＴＷ１拖靶的和功能及对一些关键技术的处理方法。该靶各项性能指标基本上与国外同类拖靶水平相当，但制造成本大大低于引进靶的价格。本项研制成果不但满足了部队技术战术训练的急需，并为今后拖靶设计和制造提供了借鉴。     

飞机高升力系统扭力管旋转角度测试方法

在飞机地面模拟试验环境下需要测试高升力系统襟翼扭力管旋转角度.由于扭力管属于系统试验件,在不改变试验环境构型的情况下不可截断或更换安装用于测试扭力管旋转角度的旋转编码器.本文利用同步轮法实现了在不破坏扭力管前提下安装旋转编码器测试扭力管旋转角度,方法简单、可靠,且容易实现,很好的满足了试验大纲要求.     

序贯截尾的舰炮射击精度评定方法

对传统舰炮射击精度评定方法的原理过程进行了描述,分析了其不足之处.引进了“序贯截尾检验法”的基本概念及其工程应用的基本思路,按此思路论证近程反导舰炮武器系统拦截“飞鱼”类反舰导弹试验方案,设计了拦截“FFY-1”拖靶试验方案,达到了既检验指标又减少试验次数的目的     

某型尾吊高平尾飞机失速特性试飞方法研究

某型尾吊高平尾飞机通过安装失速保护系统改善失速特性,满足了适航条例的要求。介绍了失速保护系统的设计,从保障试飞安全的失速试飞准备工作、失速保护系统研制试飞与失速特性验证试飞三个方面研究了安装失速保护系统飞机的失速试飞方法。     

基于变形协调和间隙浮动的双路功率分流系统均载特性分析

针对双路功率分流系统的载荷均匀分布问题,建立了该系统的静力学模型,并根据系统构成功率流动闭环的特点,推导出扭转角变形协调条件,将该条件联立力矩平衡条件和弹性支承条件,计算出了各齿轮副传递的扭矩,得到系统的均载系数.从静力学角度分析了各构件安装误差和均载特性的关系,并分析了间隙浮动对均载特性的影响.结果表明:齿轮2存在安装误差为0.03mm的情况下,间隙量为0.8mm即可满足基本构件浮动,得到均载系数为1.0038,间隙浮动有利于提高均载性能.对比实验和理论分析的结果,同一误差条件下,功率分配分别为53.88%和53.50%,从而验证了该方法的正确性.      

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.