基于双POD模型的大跨屋盖多模态随机风致响应研究

讨论了具有空间相关三维随机风荷载的数学模型.风荷载的准确模拟是结构进行风致动力响应分析的第一步,POD法提供了一种高效、准确的风荷载模拟方法.本文根据双POD模型和Monte Carlo模拟法,详细研究了空间相关三维风场的数值模拟方法,模拟的风场与实际较为一致.结合随机离散法和多阶模态加速度法的原理,详细推导了大跨屋盖风致响应与风振系数的计算方法.通过大跨屋盖刚性和气弹模型风洞试验,得出高阶振型对大跨屋盖结构的风致响应的贡献不可忽略,并计算了屋盖的风致动力响应时程.研究了大跨屋盖表面荷载风振系数和位移风振系数的分布,结果与有限元分析较为吻合,证实了本文提出的方法是一种高效、准确的大跨屋盖风致响应计算方法.     

冲击风作用下大跨屋盖多模态随机风致响应研究

雷暴冲击风是一种近地面短时产生的瞬态强风,它与传统的边界层风场特征具有明显的差别,冲击风将会引起屋盖的强烈振动,甚至发生破坏.本文根据混合随机模型,详细研究了冲击风风场的数值模拟方法.应用Wood竖直风剖面方程与Holmes经验模型模拟平均风场,使用稳态高斯随机过程模拟脉动风场,模拟的风场与实际的雷暴冲击风较为一致.结合多阶模态加速度法和等效风荷载原理,详细推导了大跨屋盖随机风致响应的计算方法.结合边界层风洞试验,比较冲击风产生的表面风压特性,计算得到屋盖冲击风致动力响应时程,并研究了冲击风作用下大跨屋盖荷载风效应系数和位移风效应系数的分布特点.研究结果可作为评估大跨屋盖冲击风致响应的一种参考.     

周边建筑对大跨屋盖风荷载的干扰效应研究

以天津国际金融会议酒店为例,采用多通道同步测压风洞试验技术,研究了周围高层建筑对大跨屋盖风荷载的干扰效应。试验结果表明：位于大跨屋盖两侧的高层建筑将引起明显的“穿堂风”效应,作用于大跨屋盖的风荷载将显著增加,但大跨屋盖上游高层建筑的“遮挡”作用,有利于减小两侧高层建筑引起的“穿堂风”效应,而下游高层建筑会加剧屋盖局部区域的“穿堂风”效应。周围高层建筑物的出现,增加了来流中的湍流成分,使得作用于大跨屋盖的脉动风荷载增大。     

开孔建筑屋盖风振响应中的气动阻尼识别

建筑物门窗开启后形成开孔房屋,大跨度柔性屋盖结构在内外压共同作用下表现出显著的流固耦合特性,气动阻尼在开孔前后屋盖结构的振动中将发生改变。本文结合风洞模型试验,联合采用经验模态分解法、随机减量法和希耳伯特变换法对一大跨屋盖风致振动的气动阻尼进行识别。运用这一方法分别识别出大跨柔性屋盖在四周封闭和迎风面开孔两种状态下的气动阻尼。在此基础上对本模型屋盖进行的风振响应计算表明,气动阻尼有效地抑制了屋盖风振,考虑气动阻尼影响的数值计算与试验结果吻合得较好,说明本文采用的联合方法能有效地识别柔性屋盖结构风振响应中的气动阻尼。     

风致内压对大跨屋盖风振响应的影响

本文利用气体质量守恒原理与气体状态方程推出了考虑风致内压的大跨屋盖风振响应的三阶动力微分方程,并给出了其稳态频响函数的表达式,通过数值算例分析了风致内压对大跨屋盖风振响应的影响.研究表明:考虑风致内压在本质上是给屋盖附加了随特征频率变化的气承刚度与气动阻尼,对于正常封闭建筑采用不考虑风致内压的频域分析法是偏于保守的;对于给定设计风速,任何建筑必存在一个最优孔隙率,会使大跨屋盖的风振响应达到最小,因而合理设置墙面孔隙是大跨屋盖最为有效的气动减振措施.     

刚性模型风洞试验确定大跨屋盖结构风振系数的多阶模态力法

风流经过大跨屋面时,由于气流分离在屋面的大部分区域产生强大的吸力,并引起柔性屋面结构的振动,因此大跨屋面结构抗风设计需考虑风振响应和风振系数.本文根据振型迭加原理,提出了利用刚性模型风洞试验确定大跨度柔性屋盖结构风振响应和风振系数的多阶模态力法,并推导了风振响应和风振系数的计算公式.该方法可以考虑高阶振型的贡献.通过与气动弹性模型风洞试验结果以及直接时程法相对比,发现多阶模态力法能够得出令人满意的结果.     

北京奥运乒乓球馆围护结构风荷载的试验研究

结合2008年北京奥运乒乓球馆的风洞模型试验,研究了大跨度屋盖围护结构的风荷载,探讨了围护结构表面风压的计算方法、悬挑屋面的风荷载取值以及周边建筑对幕墙风压的影响.得到的主要结论是:大跨度屋盖的围护结构比主体结构更容易发生风致破坏;用基于试验的统计方法比规范方法计算围护结构风压值更合理更可信;悬挑屋面的净风压并不完全等于上表面或下表面所受风压,只考虑净风压的设计,对于围护结构是不安全的,宜分别按照上下表面的最不利风荷载进行设计;周边建筑会对幕墙上的风压产生很大影响,幕墙的体型系数,应考虑实际周边建筑的排列,对规范建议值做相应调整.这些结论可为类似结构的抗风设计提供参考.     

1000kV特高压钢管构架雷暴冲击风致振动响应研究

1000kV钢管构架属于风敏感结构,风与结构的相互作用十分复杂,风荷载常常是设计的主要控制荷载。本文以某一特高压钢管构架为工程背景,详细研究了冲击风风场的数值模拟方法,应用Wood竖直风剖面方程与Holmes经验模型模拟平均风场,以及使用稳态高斯随机过程模拟冲击风脉动风场,使得模拟的风场与实际的雷暴冲击风较为一致。利用精确的有限元模型,获得了结构的自振动力特性,在时域内得到了构架风致振动响应时程。研究了结构位移平均值、位移均方根值和加速度均方根值的分布特点,同时计算比较了不同风场时构架典型节点的风振系数。通过研究,揭示了1000kV钢管构架的风致振动特性,结果可作为构架结构抗风设计的参考。     

体育场悬挑屋盖结构风荷载解析模型

结合援莫桑比克国家体育场刚性模型风洞试验数据,分析了悬挑屋盖结构表面风压分布特性、脉动风荷载谱特性和脉动风压空间相关性,并利用体育场风洞试验测压数据,拟合了各区域脉动风压谱和相干函数的经验公式,建立了此类结构的风荷载解析模型.经过工程算例表明,本文建立的风荷载解析模型用于悬挑屋盖结构的动力响应计算具有较高的精度,有一定的实用价值.     

强台风登陆过程大跨桥梁风特性特征及其抖振响应分析

台风环境条件的风场特征对沿海大跨桥梁结构的风致响应影响显著.结合强台风黑格比(0814)的登陆演变全过程风场逐时记录数据,对台风气候条件下的实测近地平均风特性(平均风速、风向角和风攻角)和脉动风功率谱进行了统计分析,研究了中心过境强台风的风场演变特征.随后分别采用规范谱和实测台风谱对位于台风影响区内的一座大跨斜拉桥(主跨448?m)进行了三维风致抖振响应分析,研究了台风演变过程中桥梁结构抖振响应特征.采用实测台风谱计算的桥梁抖振响应与仅考虑规范谱的结果差异显著.进一步研究了来流大攻角效应对桥梁抖振响应的影响,结果显示,结构竖向和扭转抖振位移分别为仅考虑规范谱响应结果的204.12％和264.87％,横向位移增加67.27％.研究表明:强台风气候条件下,来流大攻角和高频湍流能量卓越的脉动风速对桥梁抖振响应影响突出.因此,关于桥梁风致抖振的相关研究亟需慎重对待,并应加强桥梁风致安全评估.     

Gust response analysis and wind tunnel test for a high-aspect ratio wing

A theoretical nonlinear aeroelastic response analysis for a flexible high-aspect ratio wing excited by harmonic gust load is presented along with a companion wind tunnel test. A multidisci-plinary coupled numerical calculation is developed to simulate the flexible model wing undergoing gust load in the time domain via discrete nonlinear finite element structural dynamic analysis and nonplanar unsteady vortex lattice aerodynamic computation. A dynamic perturbation analysis about a nonlinear static equilibrium is also used to determine the small perturbation flutter bound-ary. A novel noncontact 3-D camera measurement analysis system is firstly used in the wind tunnel test to obtain the spatial large deformation and responses. The responses of the flexible wing under different static equilibrium states and frequency gust loads are discussed. The fair to good quanti-tative agreements between the theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the presented analysis method is an acceptable way to predict the geometrically nonlinear gust response for flex-ible wings.     

Gust load alleviation wind tunnel tests of a large-aspect-ratio flexible wing with piezoelectric control

An active control technique utilizing piezoelectric actuators to alleviate gust-response loads of a large-aspect-ratio flexible wing is investigated. Piezoelectric materials have been exten-sively used for active vibration control of engineering structures. In this paper, piezoelectric mate-rials further attempt to suppress the vibration of the aeroelastic wing caused by gust. The motion equation of the flexible wing with piezoelectric patches is obtained by Hamilton's principle with the modal approach, and then numerical gust responses are analyzed, based on which a gust load alle-viation (GLA) control system is proposed. The gust load alleviation system employs classic propor tional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers which treat piezoelectric patches as control actuators and acceleration as the feedback signal. By a numerical method, the control mechanism that piezo-electric actuators can be used to alleviate gust-response loads is also analyzed qualitatively. Further-more, through low-speed wind tunnel tests, the effectiveness of the gust load alleviation active control technology is validated. The test results agree well with the numerical results. Test results show that at a certain frequency range, the control scheme can effectively alleviate the z and x wing-tip accelerations and the root bending moment of the wing to a certain extent. The control system gives satisfying gust load alleviation efficacy with the reduction rate being generally over 20%.     

大跨度平屋盖表面的特征湍流研究

首先介绍建筑特征湍流的含义及其表现的几种形式。然后重点对一种典型的特征湍流形式——锥形涡进行了探讨,给出了通过风压信息识别其特征参数的方法。最后,结合一大跨度平屋盖缩尺模型风洞测压试验,对锥形涡的涡心位置、作用范围以及运动模式等特征参数进行研究,并给出了定量结果。这些工作有助于更好地总结屋面风压分布的一些共性规律,并进一步提出符合屋面绕流特点的阵风荷载模型或脉动风压功率谱。     

Theoretical and Experimental Study of Gust Response Alleviation Using Neuro-fuzzy Control Law for a Flexible Wing Model

Two kinds of neuro-fuzzy gust response alleviation control laws are designed for a flexible large-aspect-ratio wing model. Simulations and comparisons of random gust alleviation using the two control laws are performed. Based on the better neuro-fuzzy control law, experiments and simulations of sinusoidal gust alleviation using one-control-surface control system and two-control-surface control system are developed. The investigations show that the two kinds of neuro-fuzzy gust response alleviation control laws can alleviate random gust responses effectively. The neuro-fuzzy gust response alleviation control law including a modifying factor is better than the other one without it. Further, the better one has good effects on the sinusoidal gust alleviation at different frequencies and flow velocities. The two-control-surface control system has better effects on gust response alleviation than the one-control-surface control system when the gust is strong. The simulation results agree well with the experimental results. These results can be usefully referenced to the design of actual gust alleviation control systems.     

Time-domain nonlinear aeroelastic analysis and wind tunnel test of a flexible wing using strain-based beam formulation

A theoretical formulation for time-domain nonlinear aeroelastic analysis of a flexible wing model is presented and validated by wind tunnel tests. A strain-based beam model for nonlinear structural analysis is combined with the Unsteady Vortex Lattice Method (UVLM) to form the complete framework for aeroelastic analysis. The nonlinear second-order differential equations are solved by an implicit time integration scheme that incorporates a Newton-Raphson sub-iteration technique. An advanced fiber optic sensing technique is firstly used in a wind tunnel for measuring large structural deformations. In the theoretical study, the nonlinear flutter boundary is determined by analyzing the transient response about the nonlinear static equilibrium with a series of flow velocities. The gust responses of the wing model at various gust frequencies are also studied. Comparisons of the theoretical and experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for determining the nonlinear flutter boundary and simulating the gust response of flexible wings in the time domain.     

柔性翼微型飞行器垂直阵风响应特性的实验研究

微型飞行器因其体积小、重量轻、使用灵活、成本低,广泛应用于军民领域的侦查、通讯、搜救等领域。在制约微型飞行器发展的诸多因素中,阵风对微型飞行器的稳定、安全飞行影响很大。在南京航空航天大学非定常风洞内,研制了一套垂直阵风装置,进行了垂直阵风的流场测试。设计制作了一种柔性翼微7型飞行器,并制作了刚性翼与其对比,在国内首次进行了微型飞行器垂直阵风实验。结果表明：柔性翼能够提高微型飞行器的失速迎角,且具有更好的纵向稳定性,有一定的垂直阵风缓和能力,有利于安全、稳定飞行。