有限厚度变截面管道噪声的数值研究

为了研究航空发动机消声短舱声传播的物理机制,采用快速声散射方法计算管道风扇远场散射问题,使用该方法不但可计算变截面管道风扇的噪声,还可计算有限厚度对声散射的影响.通过数值模拟分析了两种不同简化管道形状(等截面圆管、变截面圆管)中管道厚度对散射声场的影响,当管道厚度超过半径的2%时,管道厚度对散射声场的影响不能忽略,研究成果为声学预测中管道厚度的选择提供了参考依据.      

快速声散射方法在变截面管道中的应用

 快速声散射方法(FSM)是一种基于无流动Helmholtz方程边值问题的声散射预测工具,具有快速、灵活的特点.以航空发动机消声短舱的声学设计为背景,用该方法对变截面管道声传播特性进行数值模拟研究,用直接边界元方法(DBEM)进行数值求解,避免了求解管口反射系数,有效地提高了计算速度.数值研究了刚性壁面和不同位置壁面声衬组合对变截面圆环管道形状声传播的影响,并分析了管道厚度对散射声场的影响,数值结果与声类比方法结果进行了相互验证.最后,还对一种真实转子声源进行了管道声散射的数值研究,结果表明本方法在航空发动机声学设计中具有工程应用价值.     

主动Lamb波结构健康监测中信号增强与损伤成像方法

 主动Lamb波结构健康监测技术研究中,损伤散射信号的信噪比是正确稳定地监测出损伤的关键。针对真实工程结构,尤其是针对复合材料板结构健康监测时存在的信号信噪比低下问题,提出了基于时间反转聚焦原理的信号增强与损伤成像方法。根据Lamb波信号传播自身的特性,通过聚焦的方法使损伤散射信号能量叠加放大,从而提高信号的信噪比;利用时间反转法对波源的自适应聚焦能力,重建信号传播波动图,通过信号聚焦显示损伤位置和区域。在碳纤维复合材料板上的实验结果表明,该方法能有效提高有用信号的能量,较为准确地监测出损伤的位置、范围等特征。     

变截面风扇管道快速声散射计算

针对航空发动机消声短舱声学设计的需要,发展了一种结合快速声散射和直接边界元计算发动机远场声散射的方法,用于计算包含了壁面声阻抗影响的复杂截面管道声散射问题.应用该方法针对某风扇实验台进行了管道消声的数值模拟,得到了远场声散射结果,进行了声衬声阻抗影响的计算,并通过与文献结果的对比表明该方法具有工程应用价值.      

Kinetic Models for Whistler Wave Scattering of Electrons in the Solar Corona and Wind

Kinetic models are necessary to describe the physical processes associated with non-Maxwellian velocity distribution functions (VDFs) of electrons or ions in the solar corona and wind. It is shown that pitch-angle scattering of electrons in the solar wind needs to be considered in kinetic solar wind models. Coulomb collisions are not efficient enough to provide this scattering, but resonant interaction with whistler waves is. A solar wind model for undisturbed fast wind is presented, and the influence of scattering on flare electron propagation is investigated. Furthermore, it is found that resonant interaction of electrons with whistler waves is capable of producing suprathermal tails of electron distributions even under quiet conditions without flare activity.     

Guided wave propagation analysis in stiffened panel using time-domain spectral finite element method

Stiffened panels have been widely utilized in fuselages and wings as critical load-bearing components. These structures are prone to be damaged under long-term and extreme loads, and their health monitoring has been a common concern. The guided wave-based monitoring method is regarded as an efficient approach to detect the damage in stiffened plates because of its wide monitoring range and high sensitivity to micro-damage. Efficient simulation of wave propagation can theoretically demonstrate the detection mechanism of the method. In this study, a Time-Domain Spectral Finite Element Method (TD-SFEM) is adopted to study the wavefield in stiffened plates, where continuous Absorbing Layers with Increasing Damping (ALID) strategy is proposed to circumvent the disturbance of reflected waves on boundaries. After the convergence analysis, the developed TD-SFEM with ALID is validated by the finite element method first. Then, wave scattering and the influence of the stiffener are investigated in detail by comparing the results with the non-stiffened structure. Finally, the effects of the parameters of the stiffener, such as the height and width, on wave propagation are studied, respectively. The results illustrate that the proposed TD-SFEM with ALID is an efficient approach to study the wave propagation in the stiffened plate and can reveal the mechanism of influence of the stiffener. It is found that the height of the stiffener changes the interference of wavefield in the plate, while the effects of the width are mainly in wave scattering and mode conversion.     

无参考主动Lamb波结构损伤时反成像监测方法

主动Lamb波损伤监测中的差信号方法获取损伤散射信号容易受到结构和环境等外界因素的影响。针对该问题,提出了无参考信号的损伤成像定位和监测方法;研究了回波式压电阵列的布置方法,并设计采用时间反转窗函数,清除Lamb波监测信号中的直接传播信息和边界反射信号,以截取出内部散射信号;通过控制压电阵列布局、设置窗函数等技术条件,基于时间反转理论中对波源的自适应聚焦原理,直接利用当前状态下的传感信号实现对结构损伤的实时成像、定位与评估,不再需要健康信号作为参考。在玻璃纤维复合材料板上的实验结果表明,该方法能较为准确地实时监测出损伤的位置、范围等特征。     

Rocket Exhaust Scattering Effects on Incident Microwave Propagation Characteristics

This paper considers the effect of the rocket exhaust turbulence and scattering within the surrounding medium upon the propagation characteristics of incident electromagnetic waves. The exhaust is represented by a cylindrical plasma beam, diffusing through the surrounding medium. The equations of propagation of EM waves are derived for both TE and TM modes. By using a quasi-linear perturbation technique the exhaust is further separated into an inner homogeneous cylindrical plasma beam, and an outer conical inhomogeneous turbulent region. The isotropic change in the temperature of the outer region and its effects on the fluctuations in the density of electrons, collision frequency, and plasma index of refraction are analyzed in detail. It is found that the exhaust turbulence and scattering effects produce linear fluctuations in the E and H fields computed from the exhaust inner region effect. The equations of this paper can be used in the prediction of the radar cross sections and the attenuation of microwaves by rocket exhaust plumes.     

A Note on the Ambiguity of Troposcatter Aircraft Interference Patterns

Earlier investigators of troposcatter propagation phenomena have suggested that aircraft-created interference patterns observed at the receiving site can be used to measure aircraft motion within and near the common volume region. A simplified signal and scattering model is used to show that these interference signatures are ambiguous unless prior knowledge of the aircraft trajectory is available.     

管道轴向流固耦合振动的行波方法研究

基于梁模型,考虑泊松耦合与连接件耦合的影响,研究了输流管道轴向振动的波传播方程及节点散射模型,在此基础上提出了行波法分析管道流固耦合振动。以轴向位移为基本变量,推导了输流管道轴向振动的波导方程;通过节点散射模型,组集了管道流固耦合的动力学模型,在此基础上,研究了管道在几种不同边界条件约束下,泊松耦合、连接耦合对管道振动的影响。文中算例表明行波法具有建模简单且数值精度高的特点,可以应用到复杂管道的建模与控制中。     

The Impact of Strong Scintillation on Space Based Radar Design II: Noncoherent Detection

Electromagnetic signals that propagate through strongly disturbed regions of the ionosphere can experience scattering which can cause significant amplitude, phase, and angle-of-arrival fluctuations. This paper considers the performance of a space based radar (SBR) that must operate through a highly disturbed propagation environment such as might occur during a barium release or after a high altitude nuclear detonation. A brief summary of the propagation channel characteristics is given in terms of quantities that are important to SBR design issues. Results are then given showing the effect of noncoherent integration on target detection performance. Both coherent and noncoherent detection performance can be seriously degraded by scintillation if scintillation is not adequately considered in the radar design.     

The Impact of Strong Scintillation on Space Based Radar Design I: Coherent Detection

Electromagnetic signals which propagate through strongly disturbed regions of the ionosphere can experience angular scattering, causing appreciable amplitude and phase scintillation and angle-of-arrival fluctuations. The performance of a space based radar (SBR) subject to degradation due to signal propagation through a highly disturbed ionospheric channel is considered here. Pertinent characteristics of the disturbed channel and the received radar signal are described. The effects of the propagation path are investigated and the differences between monostatic and bistatic operation are presented. Results are presented which show the effect of severe scintillation on the coherent target detection performance of an SBR. It is shown that coherent detection performance can be seriously degraded in a scintillation environment if scintillation effects are not considered in the radar design.     

泡沫型干扰幕对电磁波传播的能量耗散机理研究

在研究特种泡沫新型长效无污染、多波段干扰技术的过程中,通过泡沫型干扰幕的多界面特征、特种组份微粒的散射作用、气泡的湮灭效应以及媒质的能量吸收作用等方面的实验,总结出了电磁波通过泡沫型干扰幕时的能量耗散机理,为泡沫型干扰幕的实用性研究提供了理论依据。     

基于导波传播模型的MUSIC损伤识别算法

针对结构健康监测领域的损伤近场定位问题,提出了适用于复合材料结构损伤识别的近场二维多重信号分类（MUSIC）损伤识别算法。该损伤识别算法将导波传播模型引入近场二维MUSIC损伤识别模型,构造损伤散射信号与实验差信号的互相关矩阵,通过信号子空间与噪声子空间正交特性构造近场二维MUSIC空间谱。通过数值仿真和实验验证了所提出的损伤识别算法能够有效地识别复合材料结构损伤位置信息,具有很高的定位精度和分辨率。针对飞机垂直尾翼的加强筋结构对导波传播特性影响较大的问题,提出了分区域监测的损伤检测策略,并利用基于导波传播模型的二维MUSIC空间谱损伤识别算法成功地识别飞机垂直尾翼结构损伤,实现了复杂复合材料结构损伤识别的工程验证。     

非紧致气动噪声半空间传播基本解的边界积分方法

为了获得低马赫数流动诱发的非紧致气动噪声在半空间内传播的基本解,结合复等效源方法和边界元方法建立了半空间精确格林函数的边界积分方程,当半空间边界为刚度型阻抗边界时可避免奇异性积分.同时基于等效源方法提出一种半空间二维非紧致圆柱声散射模型,推导了静止介质中声散射基本解的理论表达式.对静止介质中的二维圆柱声散射,数值解在研...     

超声速气流中乙烯点火试验与影响因素

对超声速气流中的非预混乙烯燃料扩散点火过程进行了试验研究,采用高速摄影、纹影技术获得了点火过程的火焰成功传播与失效图像和激波动态演化过程。基于点火前喷注混合流场的NPLS（纳米粒子散射）、PIV（粒子图像测速）试验数据和大涡模拟结果对影响点火结果的关键因素进行了研究,分析了点火过程的燃料分布、回流区尺寸、激波串作用、气动壅塞效应等关键流动特征对火焰传播过程和点火失效模式之间的影响关系。研究结果表明,点火过程的激波串前移过程会对燃料的分布造成影响,并进而影响凹腔内的燃料质量分数分布;凹腔角回流区是初始火焰形成的关键区域,点火能量在该区域累积建立凹腔角回流区火焰后,分别扩展形成凹腔驻留火焰,并向下游输运、掺混燃烧,建立预燃激波串,形成点火过程的正向压力反馈;凹腔内燃料分布受喷注位置、喷注压力的影响,采用凹腔内主动喷注的方法能够主动调节凹腔内的燃料分布,有助于初始火核的形成,能有效避免点火过程中由于压力反馈对燃料分布影响造成的熄火现象。      

镍基高温合金GH4169小裂纹早期扩展的原位疲劳试验

通过原位扫描电子显微镜(SEM)疲劳试验,研究了直接时效GH4169高温合金在室温下的疲劳小裂纹萌生和早期扩展过程.结果表明:在应力比R=0.1的拉-拉疲劳载荷作用下,疲劳小裂纹的萌生寿命仅为全寿命的20%左右.疲劳小裂纹起源于表面夹杂,以半椭圆表面裂纹形状扩展,扩展后期穿透试样一侧形成角裂纹,角裂纹迅速扩展导致试样断裂.疲劳小裂纹的早期扩展易受局部微观结构的影响,扩展速率分散性较大.      

离心风扇非定常气动力和气动噪声特性数值研究

将Lighthill方程转变为频域Helmholtz弱积分形式并采用Galerkin方法离散.基于声学有限元方法考虑声波在复杂固壁(叶轮和蜗壳)内的散射和反射等作用,利用Ffowcs Williams-Hawking(FW-H)方程耦合非定常流场计算结果数值预测了某离心风扇的噪声辐射,流场计算结果和蜗壳壁面动态压力测量结果在基频上吻合较好.结果表明:基频压力脉动分量在噪声源特性中占据主导地位且靠近叶轮前盖板对应位置的蜗舌区域(叶轮出口宽度范围内)是最主要的噪声源区域;声学有限元方法和实验吻合较好,复杂固壁对声传播影响不容忽略.叶轮出口不稳定气流对蜗壳周期性冲击引起的转/静干涉噪声远大于叶片偶极子源噪声是离心风扇最主要的噪声辐射分量且噪声主要从风扇管道出口方向传播.      

Effects of Particle Beams in the Solar Atmosphere

This work addresses the observational and physical effects of particle beams in the solar atmosphere. Mainly electron beams are considered, but also some effects of proton and neutral beams are mentioned. Briefly describing acceleration mechanisms of superthermal particles, the main attention is devoted to effects influencing the particle beam propagation. The collisional energy losses and pitch-angle scattering, return current effects, mirroring in the converging magnetic field, and the scattering in the Alfvén and whistler wave turbulence in specific situations are considered. The role of quasi-linear relaxation is discussed. Examples of observations showing effects of particle beams in the solar atmosphere are presented throughout the paper. Separate chapters are devoted to processes connected with particle beam bombardment of dense layers of the solar atmosphere: hard X-ray and -ray flare emissions, evaporation process, asymmetry of optical chromospheric lines, and impact linear H line polarization. The beam induced energy release processes are also included. The presented effects of particle beams are summarized in the conclusions and future prospects are suggested.