基于MMSE的近似最优Lattice Reduction辅助线性并行检测算法

现有基于Lattice Reduction (LR)技术的多输入多输出(MIMO)系统检测算法,虽然可以有效地提高MIMO系统的误比特率(BER)性能,但其检测性能与最优的最大似然(ML)算法相比仍然存在差距.针对这一问题,提出了一种新的基于信道分组的线性Lattice Reduction辅助检测算法.该算法首先将信道分为两组,对通过条件最差子信道的信号采用最优的ML算法检测,然后将其从接收到的信号中消除,再采用Lattice Reduction技术对第2组信道进行优化,最终并行地对剩余信号进行检测.仿真结果表明:在16QAM(Quadrature Amplitude Modulation)和64QAM调制下,对于4×4的MIMO系统,该算法的误比特率性能达到了最优;对于6×6的MIMO系统,该算法相比最优的ML算法其检测性能相差不到0.5 dB.     

块空时分组编码SC—FDMA虚拟MIMO迭代均衡接收机

以块空时分组编码的SC—FDMA虚拟MIMO系统为研究对象,理论推导给出块空时分组编码的SC—FDMA虚拟MIMO系统接收信号模型及虚拟MIMO接收机迭代均衡算法：仿真结果表明：迭代均衡接收机可显著提高块空时分组编码的sc—FDMA虚拟MIMO系统的链路可靠性。     

一种新的并行检测算法下的信道分组方法

在发射天线数为NT、接收天线数为NR的MIMO系统中,并行检测算法可达到最优的检测性能,但现有系统中用到的信道分组方法是计算NT次矩阵广义逆来完成信道分组,随着天线数量的不断增加,矩阵求逆计算量会快速增加,从而进一步加剧并行检测算法计算复杂度。针对该问题,文章证明了:在并行检测算法中,只须一次矩阵广义逆的计算即可完成信道分组。仿真结果表明,应用新的信道分组方法的格归约并行检测算法的性能不变。     

无线航空电子机内通信MIMO信道仿真

无线航空电子机内通信（WAIC）宽带互连可选用多天线无线局域网（WLAN）。在航空电子设备舱,无线电信号在机舱结构和航电设备架之间的反射是造成多径衰落的主要因素,而且在进行多入多出（MIMO）传输时,不同天线接收信号间的相关性一般不可忽略。根据航电设备架和设备布置的几何位置关系及其材质,建立了三维模型,采用接收球反射角误差法模拟信号在航电舱内的传播路径。针对不同航电设备安装密度条件,分别考虑均匀线性和圆形天线的信号接收情况进行仿真,使用聚类对数据预处理,得到多簇多径信道模型,并使用多径衰落和时延分布描述的航电舱WAIC信道特性,统计分析得到MIMO信道传输矩阵,以及接收机天线间相关性对信道性能的影响。仿真分析表明,当航电设备安装密度大于60%时,信道条件可近似采用完全满载时的信道参数。文中的仿真分析方法为航电设备架附近的MIMO无线传输特性分析和设计提供了参考。     

音频信号联合编码的通用码书研究

为了减小音频信号编码算法的运算量,提出了在线性预测编码、SOM神经网络矢量编码以及Huffman编码相结合的声音信号联合编码算法(以下简称联合编码)的基础上,将算法中原有的专用码书改为通用码书的算法。利用Matlab软件编程进行了专用码书和通用码书条件下的声音信号编解码实验。实验结果表明,在码率相等的条件下,使用通用码书和专用码书的联合编码方法可以得到相近的译码声音质量。使用通用码书的联合编码的最低码率在音频编码格式Opus码率的范围内,且接近Opus码率的下限,而且算法较Opus编码简单,因而实时性较好。文章提出的编码算法可为音频压缩编码的进一步研究提供参考。     

基于提前停止判决的编码软信息辅助载波同步

 针对目前编码辅助载波同步算法中复杂度较高、延时大的问题,提出了引入辅助停止判决机制的编码辅助载波同步算法。在现有的编码辅助载波同步结构基础上,该算法能对环路信噪比(SNR)进行实时判定,在环路SNR满足限定条件后提前停止编码辅助载波同步迭代,而不影响译码性能。采用新的相位估计方式估计含相位噪声的载波相位,提升了该条件下的环路信噪比。仿真采用码率为1/2的低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码作为编码方式,结果表明:在误码率为10^-5时,该算法减少了约50%的编码辅助载波同步迭代次数;在含相位噪声的信号条件下,与理想解调译码相比,性能损失不超过0.15 dB。     

IS-95 CDMA系统RAKE接收机仿真

RAKE接收机作为一种有效的抗多径技术，充分利用了经过各条路经到达的信号能量获得分集增益。分别对IS—95码分多址标准CDMA系统进行了简单介绍，对RAKE接收机的工作原理和SystemView软件进行了介绍，概述了IS—95RAKE接收机的基本特点和性能参数，给出了采用SystemView软件仿真IS—95码分多址标准RAKE接收机的方法和仿真结果。仿真表明，利用RAKE接收机具有信道估计算法简单、信道跟踪实时性强的特点。     

一种地空3D-Massive MIMO信道模型

为了研究地空3D-Massive MIMO系统信道特性,提出一种基于三维单跳同心圆环散射体的地空3D-Massive MIMO信道模型。相比传统地空3D MIMO信道模型有两方面改进,首先是建立了基于单跳圆环散射体3D几何精确位置关系的球面波天线阵元相位偏移模型,其次采用生灭过程对Massive MIMO阵列上的非平稳特性进行建模。推导了该模型的信道统计特征函数,通过对特征函数理论推导值与蒙特卡洛统计值进行仿真对比,验证了理论推导正确性。此外,对所提信道模型与基于平面波的传统地空3D MIMO信道模型的空间相关性进行了分析及仿真对比,结果表明:在远场环境下,两者基本一致;在近场环境下,传统平面波模型不再适用,两者存在差异。最后,对若干组表征信道特征的仿真结果与公开文献中地空信道实际测试数据进行对比分析。表明本模型作为普遍适用性模型,可以根据信道的测试条件、测试环境和测试结果来优化参数配置以趋近于实际信道,以对特定信道进行精确建模。     

基于周期Wigner-Hough变换多相编码连续波雷达信号检测算法

为提高雷达侦察截获接收机对多相编码连续波弱信号截获能力,提出了一种基于周期Wigner-Hough变换（Periodic Wigner-Hough Transform,PWHT）的多相编码连续波信号检测算法。研究了线性调频连续波信号的PWHT及性质;分析了多相编码连续波信号时频主脊线的类似线性调频连续波特征;推导了高斯白噪声在PWHT域的统计分布特征,根据多相编码连续波信号与线性调频连续波的相似性,提出了基于PWHT的多相编码连续波信号检测算法,给出了实现流程,并计算出其检测性能和参数估计性能仿真的仿真结果。仿真结果表明：该算法较已有的其他多相编码信号检测算法有更好的弱信号检测能力,最小可检测信噪比至少可以降低3dB,并随着观测时间延长而进一步降低;其参数估计精度具有渐进最优的性质。     

基于有限域上乘法群与均衡不完全区组的准循环LDPC码构造

构造低编码复杂度的准循环LDPC码是其在高速数据传输系统中有效应用的关键技术之一。本文通过引入有限域上乘法群,提出了一种新的基于均衡不完全区组(BIBD)的准循环LDPC码的构造算法。算法将基于BIBD的传统构造算法中的加法群替换为乘法群,简化了相应元素位置向量的计算;同时通过校验矩阵扩展(dis-persion)构造出能够抵抗长突发删除错误的好码。仿真结果表明,本算法构造的准循环LDPC码的围长至少为6,能够采用反馈移位寄存器实现线性复杂度的编码;利用和积译码算法进行迭代译码,AWGN与BEC信道下译码性能与随机构造的LDPC码相当。     

基于维特比算法解调GMSK信号分析

文中介绍了二进制GMSK信号带宽占用率、数据预编码方案和利用维特比算法相干解调二进制GMSK信号的调制解调方法,给出了不同BT乘积情况下解析功率谱密度和模拟误码率结果,定量分析了邻信道干扰结果。结果说明,利用维特比算法解调4GMSK信号可以在满足接收机性能的基础上简化设计。     

Design Principles of MIMO Radar Detectors

This paper considers the problem of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars employing space-time coding (STC) to achieve diversity. To this end, after briefly outlining the model of the received echo, a suitable detection structure is derived, and its performance is expressed in closed form as a function of the clutter statistical properties and of the space-time code matrix. Interestingly, this receiver requires prior knowledge of the clutter covariance, but the detection threshold is functionally independent thereof. At the transmitter design stage, we give two criteria for code construction: the first is based on the classical Chernoff bound, the second is an information-theoretic criterion. Interestingly, the two criteria lead to the same condition for code optimality, which in turn specializes, under the assumption of uncorrelated clutter and square code matrix, in some well-known full-rate space-time codes. A thorough performance assessment is also given, so as to establish the optimum achievable performance for MIMO radar systems.     

Moving target localization in distributed MIMO radar with transmitter and receiver location uncertainties

In this paper, the problem of moving target localization from Bistatic Range(BR) and Bistatic Range Rate(BRR) measurements in a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) radar system having widely separated antennas is investigated. We consider a practically motivated scenario,where the accurate knowledge of transmitter and receiver locations is not known and only the nominal values are available for processing. With the transmitter and receiver location uncertainties,which are usually neglected in MIMO radar systems by prior studies, taken into account in the measurement model, we develop a novel algebraic solution to reduce the estimation error for moving target localization. The proposed algorithm is based on the pseudolinear set of equations and two-step weighted least squares estimation. The Cramer-Rao Lower Bound(CRLB) is derived in the presence of transmitter and receiver location uncertainties. Theoretical accuracy analysis demonstrates that the proposed solution attains the CRLB, and numerical examples show that the proposed solution achieves significant performance improvement over the existing algorithms.     

机载相控阵雷达中抑制杂波的线性预测法

从一个多通道自回归过程拟合杂波信号的概念出发 ,提出了用线性预测法实现机载相控阵雷达的时空二维自适应信号处理。研究表明 ,杂波过程可以用一个低阶的多通道自回归过程很好地拟合 ,从而使用一个低阶的线性预测处理器以较低的代价实现准最优的处理。同时 ,这种低阶的线性预测处理器还具备冗余的自由度以对付除杂波外的其他有色噪声和干扰     

输入-输出非线性反馈线性化方法在硬式空中加油控制系统设计中的应用

 通过对硬式空中加油技术的研究,建立了硬式加油伸缩杆数学模型,结果表明该伸缩杆系统为一个多输入-多输出(MIMO)、耦合、非线性系统。这样解耦控制就成为系统设计的关键。当系统满足可解耦条件时,采用一种基于输入-输出(I/O)非线性反馈线性化的微分几何方法,输出与等效新输入之间呈现线性微分方程关系,选择合适的反馈形式可使伸缩杆的姿态控制解耦。解耦后,伸缩杆就可分解为俯仰和滚转方向两个相互独立的单输入-单输出(SISO)线性子系统。在MATLAB中建立了伸缩杆及其解耦模型,并进行了仿真研究。结果表明该解耦方法很好地消除了系统间的耦合作用,能够满足工程设计的需要。     

Lovász条件下LLL算法最简复Givens矩阵形式的研究

为了解决复数域下基于QR分解的LLL（A．K．Lenstra,H．W．Lenstraand L．Lovasz）算法中复Gives旋转矩形式不统一的问题,文章从复数域下原始LLL算法中Gram—Schmidt系数与QR分解的上三角矩阵胄中元素之间的关系出发,证明了上三角矩阵R的元素与Gram—Schmidt系数以及Lovasz条件之间的等价的关系;从复数的指数形式出发,推导出2种适合LLL算法的复Givens旋转矩阵形式,并证明只有其中一种符合Lovasz条件下复Givens旋转矩阵形式。仿真结果表明,采用基于QR分解的复数域LLL算法的MIMO系统相比采用基于Gram—Schmidt正交化LLL算法的MIMO系统具有更好的误比特率性能。     

CALCM-the untold story of the weapon used to start the Gulf War

The Conventional Air Launched Cruise Missile (CALCM) was developed from the strategic ALCM, AGM-86, by integrating GPS navigation into the missile in place of terrain correlation (TERCOM). In addition, the nuclear warhead was replaced by conventional explosives. The CALCM was developed, tested, and fielded in a single year (mid-1986-mid-1987) by the Boeing Company where the author was then employed. Although the GPS technology used, a Rockwell single channel aided receiver, has been eclipsed by newer receivers with additional capabilities and newer technology, many innovative things were done in completing the CALCM integration: the external loading of almanac data along with other mission data, three satellite navigation capability, and the use of a single channel receiver in a dynamic flight environment. This effort demonstrated that GPS outputs can be integrated quickly into an existing weapon system using the traditional loosely coupled “cascaded filter” approach. Although this approach is not as ideal as a tightly coupled integration using raw GPS data, the use of cascaded filters resulted in a weapon that was able to be rapidly fielded. The Air Force had sufficient confidence in the missile, that after four years of operational testing, 35 of these missiles were targeted at key sites at the start of the Gulf War in 1991. This effort, which was declassified in 1992, resulted in the first weapon in the DoD inventory to be operational using GPS navigation. The effort deserves consideration as a model as to how GPS integration can be performed     

Receiver-channel based adaptive blind equalization approach for GPS dynamic multipath mitigation

Aiming at mitigating multipath effect in dynamic global positioning system (GPS) satellite navigation applications, an approach based on channel blind equalization and real-time recursive least square (RLS) algorithm is proposed, which is an application of the wireless communication channel equalization theory to GPS receiver tracking loops. The blind equalization mechanism builds upon the detection of the correlation distortion due to multipath channels; therefore an increase in the number of correlator channels is required compared with conventional GPS receivers. An adaptive estimator based on the real-time RLS algorithm is designed for dynamic estimation of multipath channel response. Then, the code and carrier phase receiver tracking errors are compensated by removing the estimated multipath components from the correlators’ outputs. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach, this technique is integrated into a GPS software receiver connected to a navigation satellite signal simulator, thus simulations under controlled dynamic multipath scenarios can be carried out. Simulation results show that in a dynamic and fairly severe multipath environment, the proposed approach achieves simultaneously instantaneous accurate multipath channel estimation and significant multipath tracking errors reduction in both code delay and carrier phase.     

基于稀疏表示的双基地MIMO雷达多目标定位及幅相误差估计

 基于稀疏表示理论,提出一种新的双基地多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达收发角度及幅相误差估计算法。利用接收数据,分别构造发射和接收协方差矩阵,并以列向量化后的发射和接收协方差矩阵为量测信号建立2个一维稀疏线性模型,构造模型求解的 L₂-L₁ 混合范数优化目标函数,通过交替迭代寻优获得目标角度估计和幅相误差估计,最后给出了本文算法的收敛性分析。与现有算法相比,该算法充分利用了目标发射和接收空域的稀疏特性,且能够通过对噪声功率的预估计来抑制噪声。仿真结果表明:在低信噪比(SNR)条件下,本文算法仍能够得到较好的估计精度,且对幅相误差具有一定的稳健性。     

基于多入多出平衡流形展开模型的涡扇发动机反馈线性化滑模控制

针对涡扇发动机内部状态大范围变化条件下,单点线性控制器控制效果不佳而线性变参数控制器求解困难的问题,提出了一种基于多入多出平衡流形展开模型的涡扇发动机反馈线性化滑模变结构控制。首先,采用多入多出平衡流形展开模型辨识技术,获得仿射型的涡扇发动机数学模型。随后,利用反馈线性化将平衡流形展开模型解耦,经过坐标变换获得可用于控制系统设计的线性结果,考虑了具有误差项和饱和函数的指数趋近滑模控制律来提高控制系统的鲁棒性,完成了基于平衡流形展开模型的多变量涡扇发动机反馈线性化滑模控制器设计。最后,在非线性部件级模型上开展了控制器验证。在平衡流形展开模型设计工况,增益控制和滑模控制的控制效果表明,基于平衡流形展开模型的反馈线性化方法能够获得涡扇发动机良好的控制效果。同时,在平衡流形展开模型稳定但精度无法保证的非设计飞行工况,反馈线性化滑模控制器能够进一步抑制不确定性的影响,保证转子转速和发动机压比的跟踪控制效果。