Study on the resolution of multi-aircraft flight conflicts based on an IDQN

With the rapid growth of flight flow, the workload of controllers is increasing daily, and handling flight conflicts is the main workload. Therefore, it is necessary to provide more efficient conflict resolution decision-making support for controllers. Due to the limitations of existing methods, they have not been widely used. In this paper, a Deep Reinforcement Learning(DRL) algorithm is proposed to resolve multi-aircraft flight conflict with high solving efficiency. First, the characteristics ...     

基于冲突分类与消解的多智能体路径规划算法设计CSCD

多智能体路径规划应用广泛但求解困难。为更好地处理多智能体路径规划中的路径冲突问题,提高求解效率,将冲突进一步分类为相向顶点冲突和交叉顶点冲突,并提出了对应的消解方式。相向顶点冲突的消解方法采用提前添加约束的方式,避免在消解其冲突的过程中产生另一个可预见的冲突;交叉顶点冲突的消解方法采用寻找最佳等待时间的方式,在消解其冲突的同时消解其他存在的冲突。两种冲突消解方法均可减小约束树的规模,在一定程度上减少算法的计算量。并提出了基于冲突搜索算法的高层节点冲突搜索算法。实验结果表明,所提出的冲突分类及消解方式有效地减小了算法高层中约束树的规模,降低了算法计算量,并在智能体密集的环境下表现出更大的优势。     

虚拟仿真环境中的航路冲突调配规则研究

现行仿真工具在模拟管制员航路冲突调配上存在问题边界不一致、调配方案不适用等诸多问题。针对这种现状，根据航路飞行冲突的影响因素对航路冲突进行了详细分类，并基于决策树建立了航路冲突调配方案。以决策树为基础，使用VB工具进行系统开发，建立快速仿真工具。模拟运行表明，仿真工具可模拟管制员提供简易可行的航路冲突调配方案，驱动仿真系统的运行。     

虚拟仿真环境中的航路冲突调配研究

现行仿真工具在模拟管制员航路冲突调配上存在问题边界不一致、调配方案不适用等诸多问题。针对这种现状,根据航路飞行冲突的影响因素对航路冲突进行了详细分类,并建立了航路冲突调配方案。使用VB和SQL混合编程进行系统开发,建立快速仿真工具。模拟运行表明,工具可模拟管制员提供简易可行的航路冲突调配方案,驱动仿真系统的运行。     

Problems of intergroup behavior in human spaceflight operations

This paper discusses intergroup dynamics in human spaceflight operations. A definition of intergroup behavior is presented and prerequisite conditions for intergroup conflict are explored. Research and anecdotal evidence of intergroup conflict between groups and subgroups in exotic environments and space operations is presented. Concepts from the literature on intergroup conflicts are discussed in the context of possible conflict resolution interventions. Factors that may affect intergroup dynamics in human spaceflight operations and the need for intergroup research are highlighted.     

INTELLIGENT RESOLUTION OF COOPERATIVE CONFLICT

Great attention has been paid to the researchof tactical plan for air combat( AC) all along byscholars from various countries[1,2 ] .The researchof multi- fighter AC ( MFAC) that has been madelays stress on the confrontation of both gamesides,butneglects the cooperation of internal vari-ous fighters of one game side.In multi- fighter co-operative AC( MFC- AC) ,the above neglect willcause enormous loss.This paper discusses thedeeper layer mechanism of MFCAC:there existconflicts among th…     

证据冲突下自适应融合目标识别算法

 利用证据理论对空中目标识别系统的观测信息融合时,Dempster规则对低冲突信息的融合结果较为理想,但无法对高冲突信息有效融合。Dubois &; Prade(DP)规则及证据折扣法可对高冲突信息进行合理融合。为使不同融合方法发挥各自优势,提出一种自适应融合算法。首先将矛盾因子和证据距离两者结合以更全面地表示证据冲突程度,当冲突较小时,选用Dempster规则,反之,根据冲突的具体情况选择使用DP规则或证据折扣法。通过目标识别实验对多种算法进行了对比,表明本文算法既能对高冲突证据进行合理融合,又能使融合结果快速收敛,可以有效地提高识别速度及正确率。     

服务网格中面向业务用户的服务组合方法

服务网格环境中如何快速构建组合服务,为业务用户提供快速整合资源、配置集成化应用的平台,按需创建个性化应用,以降低大规模软件开发的成本、提高效率,成为了服务网格领域亟待解决的一个问题。提出了一种服务网格环境中面向业务用户的服务组合方法,它通过服务映射机制实现从业务用户所熟悉的业务服务到具体物理服务的映射;利用基于上下文的流程推导技术实现了组合业务服务流程向组合物理服务流程的映射;利用物理服务选取技术,生成能够最大限度满足用户需要的组合服务。研究表明该方法应用的原型系统,适用于普通业务用户,能够提高组合物理服务流程构建的效率。     

Perspectives for Strategic Analysis in Advancing Ocean Technology

There is a growing need for the scientist, engineer, and administrator to better understand the kinds of overall, across-the-board planning problems involved in the development of off-shore coastal areas. A recommended approach is to use systems analysis techniques. Principles will be set forth on maintaining and improving the quality of the ocean environment, with considerations of cost in so doing. Each proponent of an aspect of ocean technology usually believes that his field must be greatly enlarged in the near future. Along with these advances there is the likelihood of unnecessary social costs emanating from undesirable modifications of the environment. In making the analysis, an early step is to identify specific needs and appropriate roles. A next step is to lay out alternatives for achieving objectives both within a given organization and external to it. The alternatives may be appraised through their costs and benefits. But how do you make choices between goals when resources are limited? How can we gather the data, accomplish the evaluation, and do the planning that will make rational choices possible? This paper elucidates the problems involved in these kinds of questions and suggests methodology that might lead toward solutions.     

基于满意博弈论的复杂低空飞行冲突解脱方法

复杂低空空域环境下多飞行器冲突解脱方法可以有效地提供冲突解脱策略,实时规划飞行器四维航迹,避免飞行器之间发生危险接近事故或者碰撞,从而保障空域运行安全。然而,随着飞行器数目的不断增长,冲突解脱面临"维数灾难",导致问题具有高维度、强耦合等难点。因此,传统的优化方案难以得到令人满意的方案。为了提高冲突解脱效率,保障运行安全,基于满意博弈论方法,考虑低空飞行器运动特点,构建冲突解脱模型,设计冲突解脱方法。飞行器主要采用改变航向角的策略。通过基于条件概率的方法来建立"社会关系",即当前飞机所做的决策对其他飞机产生的影响。每个飞行器在决策时,都会受到优先级比自己高的决策者的影响。基于满意博弈论的冲突解脱方法不仅可以有效地解决当前飞行器的冲突问题,而且兼顾探测范围内的其他飞行器,避免当前解脱策略导致与其他飞行器冲突,实现整体最优化。最后,通过在极端典型飞行冲突场景中实验验证表明,基于满意博弈论的冲突解脱方法可以实时高效实现大规模飞行器的冲突解脱,保障飞行安全且控制经济成本。     

基于粒子群算法的飞行冲突解脱问题

自由飞行可有效解决航线日益加剧的拥挤问题,但同时也增加了管制员管制监控的难度,从而使飞行冲突探测和解脱成为自由飞行的关键问题。粒子群算法（particleswaITn0ptimization）是一种群智能优化算法,尝试将其应用于飞行冲突解脱问题,构造了适合飞行冲突解脱问题的粒子表达方式,建立了冲突解脱问题的粒子群算法,成功解决了飞行冲突,并将其运行结果与遗传算法结果作了对比试验。实验结果表明。粒子群算法是求解飞行冲突解脱问题的一个较好方案。     

Firewire: standard computer industry interconnect for test & measurement

Do you know what Firewire is? If not, you soon will, IEEE 1394, or Firewire, is an up-and-coming electronics industry standard that will soon be in wide use for interconnecting a massive variety of electronic equipment. It will be used for connecting CD-ROMs and scanners to computers, and it will be used for connecting VCRs, DVDs and satellite dishes to digital televisions. How does this affect Test & Measurement? This paper discusses Firewire, along with it's lower-end companion, USE, and how they can and will be utilized in T&M applications to replace T&M specific technologies, such as IEEE 488, and MXI. The advantages-and disadvantages-of these new technologies are discussed along with what the Test & Measurement industry should do to support these new technologies.     

土地征用制度研究——基于利益视角

土地征用中会出现种种的问题,最主要的可以概括为利益与利益之间的冲突问题、公平与效率问题、土地资源的可持续发展问题。解决以上问题主要应从具体制度上做出相应的安排。如规范政府征地行为制度、界定公共利益制度、严格行政征收权限和程序制度、明确土地产权制度、完善补偿安置制度。     

Changing world-changing nature of conflicts-a critical role formilitary radar

The upheaval in world geopolitical structure is changing the nature of international security and the nature of possible future conflicts. A review of the character of these future conflicts points to new critical roles for military radars. This paper is not an overview of all future military radar possibilities but rather it assesses the nature of future conflicts and identifies certain critical radar systems and technologies that are the keystone to favorable resolution of these conflicts     

Maritime border control multisensor system

This focuses on the classification task performed into a multi-sensor system for the coastal surveillance. The system is composed of two platforms of sensors: a land-based platform equipped with a land based radar, an Automatic Identification System (AIS) and an infrared camera (IR); an airborne platform carrying an airborne radar that can operate in a spotlight Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) mode, a video camera, and a second IR camera. The tasks performed by the system are the detection, tracking, identification, and classification of multiple targets, the evaluation of their threat level, and the selection of an intervention on them. The classification algorithm implemented inside the system exploits an analytical approach based on the confusion matrix (CM) of the imaging sensors that belong to the system. Some measures of effectiveness (MoE) of the system are evaluated, considering both cases where an ideal error-free classification process and a non-ideal classification process are performed.     

再论和谐社会的构建——基于功能冲突论视阈

作为对二战后美国社会矛盾激化、社会动荡的回应,在对社会学家关于社会冲突的种种观点反思与发展的基础上,科塞建立了功能冲突论。科塞的功能冲突论由冲突正功能的发挥条件、冲突正功能的具体内容、社会安全阀制度等内容组成。功能冲突论启示我们,在我国构建和谐社会的过程中,要正视、分析社会矛盾、社会冲突,构建社会安全阀制度,消除社会冲突产生的社会土壤。     

Performance evaluation of multi-sensor classification systems

A common problem in classification is to use one/more sensors to observe repeated measurements of a target's features/attributes, and in turn update the targets' posterior classification probabilities to aid in target identification. This paper addresses the following questions: 1. How do we quantify the classification performance of a sensor? 2. What happens to the posterior probabilities as the number of measurements increase? 3. Will the targets be classified correctly? While the Kalman filter allows for off-line estimation of kinematic performance (covariance matrix), a comparable approach for studying classification accuracy has not been done previously. We develop a new analytical approach for computing the long-run classification performance of a sensor and also present recursive formulas for efficient calculation of the same. We show that, under a minimal condition, a sensor will eventually classify all targets perfectly. We also develop a methodology for evaluating the classification performance of multi-sensor fusion systems involving sensors of varying quality. The contributions of this paper are 1. A simple metric to quantify a sensor's ability to discriminate between the targets being identified, and its use in comparing multiple sensors, 2. An approximate formula based on this metric to compute off-line estimates of the rate of convergence toward perfect classification, and the number of measurements required to achieve a desired level of classification accuracy, and 3. The use of this metric to evaluate classification performance of multi-sensor fusion systems.     

Hardware-Constrained Hybrid Coding of Video Imagery

The design, implementation, and performance of a video bandwidth compression system is described. In this system, compression is obtained by several methods including the use of DCT/DCPM hybrid coding, frame rate reduction, and resolution reduction. The overall compression ratio is up to 1000:1. The hardware-constrained design of the DCT and the DPCM is described and a new method is derived to solve the optimum integer bit-assignment problem associated with the block quantization process in the DPCM. Computer simulation results are presented which predict that the performance of the system using the derived optimal bit assignment method is superior to those obtained by other bit assignment methods. The real-time hybrid coding system design is optimized for a set of ?modified? average statistics to compress a wide variety of input video images. This approach eliminates the problem of nonzero dc mean value which could otherwise cause serious degradations in the system performance. The compression system is fully implemented and the quality of the reconstructed video as predicted by computer simulation has been demonstrated by the actual hardware performance. The PSNR of the reconstructed imagery is in excess of 36 dB at 2 bits per pixel.