六维力传感器不确定度的评定

用测量不确定度的概念探讨了六维力传感器的标定和评定。     

基于双力源的叠加式多维力传感器校准装置研究CSCD

介绍了一种基于叠加机原理的双力源多维力传感器校准装置的设计与研制,对装置的测量不确定度进行了分析,通过对三分量力传感器的校准实验,证明了校准装置不仅可以对多分量力传感器进行单分量校准,还能方便地实现耦合误差的校准。     

基于力传感器的压力电测系统准静态校准方法研究

针对现有基于落锤装置的比对式准静态压力校准方法中存在的问题,提出了一种通过力传感器来校准压力电测系统的方法。阐述了力监测压力校准方法的原理,介绍了专用力传感器的设计思路,推导了力和压力的理论模型,在此基础上开展了多组校准试验,通过最小二乘法得出了力和压力的线性关系数学模型,并通过多组重复性试验对模型的稳定性进行了考核。试验结果表明,力峰值和压力峰值之间存在良好的线性关系,而且模型的稳定性较高,与现有的比对式准静态校准方法测得的压力峰值相比,模型的计算误差不超过0.95%,该方法可作为一种有效的压力校准方法。     

基于双力源的叠加式多维力传感器校准装置研

介绍了一种基于叠加机原理的双力源多维力传感器校准装置的设计与研制,对装置的测量不确定度进行了分析,通过对三分量力传感器的校准实验,证明了校准装置不仅可以对多分量力传感器进行单分量校准,还能方便地实现耦合误差的校准。     

基于双力源的叠加式多维力传感器校准装置研

介绍了一种基于叠加机原理的双力源多维力传感器校准装置的设计与研制,对装置的测量不确定度进行了分析,通过对三分量力传感器的校准实验,证明了校准装置不仅可以对多分量力传感器进行单分量校准,还能方便地实现耦合误差的校准。     

基于一维传感器的四维力测试平台设计与分析

利用一维力/力矩传感器设计可以测量升力、滚转力矩、俯仰力矩、偏航力矩的四维测试平台.通过将3个相同的拉压力传感器并联,并利用万向节作连接件,解决了多维传感器的维间耦合误差问题,可以将3个传感器输出的力通过解耦矩阵准确无误地计算出2个力矩和1个力,从原理上完全解耦,提高了多维传感器的精度.同时此种安装方式结构简单,方便拆卸.分析了测试台的各种误差来源,并求解出误差传递函数,计算出由机械平台水平度和传感器安装误差给测试平台带来的系统误差不超过0.5%,同时分析了传感器测量精度对测试系统随机误差的影响,并计算了使用某型号传感器时的随机误差对系统整体误差的影响,验证了该方案的高精度性.     

机器人多维力传感器的研究进展

机器人多维力传感器是机器人与人和外界环境交互的重要部件。力感知技术作为机器人的四大关键技术之一,在抓取、打磨、装配以及健康医疗等领域得到了广泛应用。本文针对机器人多维力传感器当前的研究进展情况进行了概述。首先对几种常用的多维力传感器的研究现状进行了简单地介绍。然后介绍了几种典型的弹性体结构和改进的弹性体结构。此外,对多维力传感器的标定方法进行了总结,并对标定中存在的问题进行了讨论。由于维间耦合是影响传感器精度的关键因素,且广泛存在于各种结构的多维力传感器中,所以减小或消除维间耦合成为多维力传感器研究中的一个不可或缺的内容,因此本文对多维力传感器的解耦方法进行了综述。在动态力信号测量场合,需要动态性能好的多维力传感器,因此本文还给出了多维力传感器动态性能补偿的一般方法,并分析了运动中的机器人多维力传感器存在的惯性力问题及一般的解决方法。最后,本文对多维力传感器技术的未来发展趋势提出了新思路,并指出了未来需要解决的问题。     

基于等效传感器和插值法的燃油量测量算法

以某型号飞机的机身油箱为例,提出了等效虚拟传感器的方法,将多根传感器测量值所确定的燃油面,用油箱中某个特殊位置的一虚拟传感器的值等效表示.建立虚拟传感器长度、飞机姿态中俯仰角和横滚角与燃油体积关系的三维数据表,利用插值的方法得到燃油量的近似值.利用Solidworks三维辅助设计软件对运用等效原理和插值法得到的燃油量进行验证,结果表明该方法测量精度高,计算结果可靠.而且等效原理的利用,使插值法涉及的数据量大大减少,达到了压缩数据的目的,便于在实际系统中的实现.      

基于离散能量法的牙体预备仿真力觉渲染算法

在力觉交互的虚拟现实系统中,力的逼真度和系统稳定性是系统的两个重要性能.在力觉交互虚拟现实牙医培训系统中,通过力反馈设备作用在医生手上的力直接影响培训质量.采用四面体剖分建立人类牙齿的实体模型.结合经验公式和实验数据,提出了一种牙体预备虚拟切削力模型,研究了保证系统稳定性和虚拟力逼真度的算法,并利用离散能量法对等采样间隔的切削力序列进行渲染处理,使得力信号在力的逼真度和系统稳定性之间得到优化解,较好地消除了力序列中的高频振动,从而改善了力觉交互虚拟现实牙医培训系统的性能.     

基于显式力控制的空间机器人抓捕碰撞力控制方法

针对空间机器人抓捕漂浮目标过程中的碰撞力控制问题,建立了空间机器人抓捕目标的动力学模型及与目标接触的接触碰撞模型;分析了手爪闭合速度和目标初始位置等参数对碰撞过程的影响;在此基础上采用任务优先逆运动学求解方法,设计了基于显式力控制的抓捕接触碰撞力控制方法,并对基于外力控制的碰撞力控制方法和基于显式力控制的碰撞力控制方法进行对比分析。结果表明,基于显式力控制的目标抓捕接触碰撞力控制方法能够实现满足平稳性要求的碰撞力控制,且所需的基座推力和关节控制力矩较小。     

万工显光学接触器的测力对测量精度的影响及其消除

研究了万工显光学接触器在测量过程中其测力对测量精度的影响,建立了该项误差的数学模型,并通过实例对误差进行修正,消除了测力所引起的测量误差,提高了万工显的测量精度。     

用于灵巧手的新型两自由度关节机构

提出并设计完成了一种用于灵巧手的两自由度关节机构,该机构用于连接灵巧手的下指节与掌骨节,使得下指节相对掌骨节同时实现屈曲和侧展2个运动.在完成两自由度关节机构设计的基础上,对该机构进行了运动学分析,并应用虚拟样机技术进行了验证.两自由度关节机构的应用将对提高灵巧手的动力学特性和简化灵巧手的结构设计起到重要的作用.      

Design and fabrication of robotic gripper for grasping in minimizing contact force

This paper presents a new method to improve the kinematics of robot gripper for grasping in unstructured environments, such as space operations. The robot gripper is inspired from the human hand and kept the hand design close to the structure of human fingers to provide successful grasping capabilities. The main goal is to improve kinematic structure of gripper to increase the grasping capability of large objects, decrease the contact forces and makes a successful grasp of various objects in unstructured environments. This research will describe the development of a self-adaptive and reconfigurable robotic hand for space operations through mechanical compliance which is versatile, robust and easy to control. Our model contains two fingers, two-link and three-link, with combining a kinematic model of thumb index. Moreover, some experimental tests are performed to examine the effectiveness of the hand-made in real, unstructured tasks. The results represent that the successful grasp range is improved about 30% and the contact forces is reduced approximately 10% for a wide range of target object size. According to the obtained results, the proposed approach provides an accommodative kinematic model which makes the better grasping capability by fingers geometries for a robot gripper.     

磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺转子前馈解耦内模控制

磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺以洛伦兹力磁轴承（LFMB）为力矩器驱动转子偏转。针对磁悬浮控制敏感陀螺转子径向转动自由度间存在耦合的问题以及转子偏转高精度快响应要求,提出一种前馈解耦内模控制方法。根据洛伦兹力磁轴承的工作原理建立了转子偏转动力学模型,并设计了前馈解耦矩阵实现转子径向偏转解耦,在此基础上,采用二自由度内模控制器（2-DOF IMC）对转子进行高精度快响应偏转控制。MATLAB仿真结果表明所提出的控制方法可有效实现对陀螺转子偏转的完全解耦,且转子偏转响应时间较交叉PID算法减少57.1%,受0.1sin（2πt）°正弦信号扰动影响产生的偏转波动幅值较交叉PID算法减少76%。      

Preparing for space: Increasing technical readiness of low-cost high-performance remote sensing using high-altitude ballooning

Two widely available, small size, weight and power camera systems were flown above 97 % of Earth’s atmosphere and showed utility in single filter vegetation and soil analysis in a space analogue environment. The experiment was conducted as a low-cost verification and test analogue to flying on vastly more expensive low Earth orbit missions. Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was used as the metric by which performance was analysed for ground calibration testing, low and near-space altitude remote sensing. Ground calibration testing with a laboratory-grade spectrometer revealed that both cameras were able to return consistent NDVI results, and high-altitude balloon flight allowed similar data capture from an environment similar to space. Although compressed captured imagery had been processed using gamma correction and pre-image processing, these were able to be corrected provided that access to radiometrically-calibrated data was available. The two hobbyist cameras were shown to return scientifically useful results, demonstrating performance, and additionally their utility for citizen science applications in the near-space environment.     

Identification and characterization of science-rich landing sites for lunar lander missions using integrated remote sensing observations

Despite more than 52 years of lunar exploration, a wide range of first-order scientific questions remain about the Moon’s formation, temporal evolution, and current surface and interior properties. Addressing many of these questions requires obtaining new in situ analyses or return of lunar surface or shallow subsurface samples, and hence rely on the selection of optimal landing sites. Here, we present an approach to optimize science-rich lunar landing site selection studies based on the integration of remote sensing observations. Currently available remote sensing data, as well as features of interest published in the recent literature, were integrated in a Geographic Information System. This numerical database contains geographic information about all these findings, which can be consulted and used to simultaneously display multiple features and parameters of interest. To illustrate our approach, we identified the optimal landing sites to address the two top priorities (or goals) relative to Concept 3 of the National Research Council of the National Academies (2007), namely to ‘Determine the extent and composition of the primary feldspathic crust, (ur)KREEP layer, and other products of differentiation’ and to ‘Inventory the variety, age, distribution and origin of lunar rock types’. We review site requirements and propose possible landing sites for both these goals. We identified 29 sites that best fulfill both these goals and compare them with the landing sites of planned future lunar lander missions. Finally, we detail two of these science-rich sites (Aristarchus and Theophilus craters) which are particularly accessible through their location on the nearside.     

Feasibility of developing an ionospheric E-region electron density storm model using TIMED/SABER measurements

We present a new technique for improving ionospheric models of nighttime E-region electron densities under geomagnetic storm conditions using TIMED/SABER measurements of broadband 4.3 μm limb radiance. The response of E-region electron densities to geomagnetic activity is characterized by SABER-derived NO⁺(v) 4.3 μm Volume Emission Rates (VER). A storm-time E-region electron density correction factor is defined as the ratio of storm-enhanced NO⁺(v) VER to a quiet-time climatological average NO⁺(v) VER, which will be fit to a geomagnetic activity index in a future work. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of our technique in two ways. One, we compare storm-to-quiet ratios of SABER-derived NO⁺(v) VER with storm-to-quiet ratios of electron densities measured by Incoherent Scatter Radar. Two, we demonstrate that NO⁺(v) VER can be parameterized by widely available geomagnetic activity indices. The storm-time correction derived from NO⁺(v) VER is applicable at high-latitudes.     

Robust extension of the simple sea-surface irradiance model to handle cloudy conditions for the global ocean using satellite remote sensing data

Sea-surface solar radiation (abbreviated as photosynthetically available radiation, PAR) in the visible wavelength (400–700 nm) is an essential parameter to estimate marine primary productivity and understanding phytoplankton dynamics, upper ocean physics and biogeochemical processes. Although many remote-sensing models were developed to estimate daily PAR (DPAR) from ocean colour data, these models often produce biases in the DPAR products under cloudy-sky and complex atmospheric conditions due to the lack of parameterization to deal with the cloud cover conditions and insufficient in-situ DPAR data. This study presents an Extended Sea-surface Solar Irradiance Model (ESSIM) for estimating DPAR over the global ocean. The ESSIM uses the direct and diffuse components from the Simple sea-surface Solar Irradiance Model (SSIM) along with a new parameter to handle cloudy conditions. The ESSIM produced DPAR products with greater accuracy under both clear and cloudy conditions. Its performance was tested on the time-series MODIS-Aqua images and compared with the concurrent in-situ data and the results from two global models. Results showed that the DPAR values produced by ESSIM agree with in-situ data better than the global models for all-sky conditions (with a mean relative error of 11.267 %; a root mean square error of 5.563 Em^?2day^?1; and a mean net bias of 2.917 Em^?2day^?1). The ESSIM performed slightly better than the SSIM for clear conditions and the Frouin's Operational Algorithm (FOA) for all-sky conditions. As the new parameterization accounts for cloudy conditions, the ESSIM produced more accurate results for cloud cover conditions across latitudes (up to 60°). The time-series Level-3 binned MODIS-Aqua data (global gridded) also demonstrated that the ESSIM improved the accuracy of DPAR products and produced spatially and temporally consistent DPAR products over the global ocean regardless of the seasons and sky conditions.