Fault detection of flywheel system based on clustering and principal component analysis

Considering the nonlinear, multifunctional properties of double-flywheel with closedloop control, a two-step method including clustering and principal component analysis is proposed to detect the two faults in the multifunctional flywheels. At the first step of the proposed algorithm,clustering is taken as feature recognition to check the instructions of ‘‘integrated power and attitude control system, such as attitude control, energy storage or energy discharge. These commands will ask the flywheel system to work in different operation modes. Therefore, the relationship of parameters in different operations can define the cluster structure of training data. Ordering points to identify the clustering structure(OPTICS) can automatically identify these clusters by the reachability-plot. K-means algorithm can divide the training data into the corresponding operations according to the reachability-plot. Finally, the last step of proposed model is used to define the relationship of parameters in each operation through the principal component analysis(PCA) method.Compared with the PCA model, the proposed approach is capable of identifying the new clusters and learning the new behavior of incoming data. The simulation results show that it can effectively detect the faults in the multifunctional flywheels system.     

Spacecraft energy storage systems

Flywheel Energy Storage Systems represent an exciting alternative to traditional battery storage systems used to power satellites during periods of eclipse. The increasing demand for reliable communication and data access is driving explosive growth in the number of satellite systems being developed as well as their performance requirements. Power-on orbit is the key to this performance, and batteries are becoming increasingly unattractive as an energy storage media. Flywheel systems offer very attractive characteristics for both energy storage, in terms of energy density and the number of charge/discharge cycles, and the important side benefit of spacecraft attitude control     

Magnetically inflatable SPS with energy storage capability

A new approach to superconductive magnetic energy storage (SMES) for solar power satellite (SPS) with inherent rigidity is introduced in this paper. The rigidity of this SMES originating from the electromagnetic forces within it, can eliminate the need for mechanical building blocks for support structure. This force can also be used for the deployment of the system in space. In addition, the storage capability of the system allows its use in low Earth orbit (LEO) which reduces the launching and transmission costs. The paper also discusses the basic design and the operation of the proposed SPS system     

Magnetic energy storage devices for small scale applications

The author considers basic principles of magnetic energy storage, structure requirements and limitations, configurations of inductors, attributes of high-T_c superconducting materials including thermal instabilities, a relative comparison with the state-of-the-art high energy density power sources, and refrigeration requirements. A review of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology reveals that the advent of high-temperature ceramic superconducting materials and advances in high strength materials and refrigeration technology are likely to facilitate fabrication of smaller SMES units. The design parameters of a micro superconducting magnetic energy unit for Air Force application are presented and discussed     

Comparative analysis of energy storage media and techniques

Techniques for storing and converting energy from one form to another are examined. The parameters of interest are storage density (in terms of both energy and power), conversion efficiency, and number of steps in the conversion process. The techniques compared are electrostatic, magnetic, inertial, chemical, thermal, and nuclear. Each technique for storage is discussed in terms of the ease with which the energy can be converted to electricity for powering lightweight compact power systems for a variety of uses. The storage density associated with the various mechanisms spans an enormous range (~0.5 MJ/kg to ~10⁵ MJ/kg). The impact upon time-to-refuel within the context of mobile tactical army applications is discussed     

基于混水原理的供热系统节能分析

混水供热对供热运行有很好的调节作用,并逐渐被更多的供热运行自动控制系统所采用。对某分流混水供热自动控制系统进行了分析,指出了分流混水方式的弊端。提出了采用回流混水供热方式可以更有效地进行供热调节和节能降耗,并且具有响应快和准确度高等优点;同时对回流混水供热进行了节能分析、定量计算以及水温控制方程推导等。     

Magnetic energy storage and conversion in the solar atmosphere

A review of the theoretical problems associated with preflare magnetic energy storage and conversion is presented. The review consists of three parts; preflare magnetic energy storage, magnetic energy conversion mechanisms, and preflare triggers. In Section 2, the relationship between magnetic energy storage and the electrodynamic coupling of the solar atmosphere is developed. By accounting for the electrodynamic coupling of the solar atmosphere, we are able to examine the fundamental problems associated with the concept of in situ versus remote magnetic-energy storage. Furthermore, this approach permits us to distinguish between the roles of local and global parameters in the storage process.Section 3 is focused on the conversion mechanisms that can explain, in principle, the rapid energy release of a flare. In addition, we discuss how electrodynamic coupling eventually dictates which mechanism(s) is responsible for releasing the stored magnetic energy, and how the global coupling dictates the final evolution of the relevant mechanism. Section 4 examines preflare triggers and Section 5, we examine the most promising directions for future research into the problem of magnetic-energy storage and conversion of the Sun.     

基于总能量理论的着舰飞行/推力控制系统

为提高舰载飞机在低动压着舰条件下飞行操纵性能和实现飞行航迹/速度之间的解耦,首先设计了阻尼器,使飞机的短周期阻尼达到了一级飞行品质的要求;然后,基于总能量控制理论设计了着舰飞行/推力综合控制系统。该控制系统使航迹角的响应带宽为1.21 rad/s。仿真结果表明,该系统能够在保持速度恒定的条件下实现航迹角的快速响应,而且对气动参数摄动具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Nature's efficient energy production, storage, and data processing

Converting the solar energy received on the surface of the Earth has not been practical with heat engines because of the low density of this energy. On a clear bright day in the summer, the sun generally delivers less than 80 W per square foot. Also, heat engines are prohibited from exceeding the Carnot-cycle efficiency limit. On the other hand, plants perform their energy conversion electrochemically, and, hence, are not limited by the Carnot-cycle. They use solar energy to produce useful fuels that range from corn-cobs and maple syrup to pitch and firewood. However, they have an extremely complicated process control that uses blue and red parts of the visible solar spectrum to extract hydrogen from water and carbon from carbon dioxide to make hydrocarbons. They do not need precious-metal catalysts; however they run complex data processing programs in which stored instructions control electrochemical reactions and also cause growth and production of needed products to occur when needed.     

FEL system for energy transmission

The use of a free electron laser (FEL) as the power source for transmission from Earth stations to space assets is discussed. Considerations of requirements including net power transmitted, system reliability, system availability, cost, and technical maturity are addressed to determine a reasonable development path to an optimal system. Various applications of transmitted power are examined such as supplementary power to communications satellites, orbit raising through the use of electric and thermal thrusters, supplementary power to manned orbiters and space stations. It is seen that each of these applications leads to different stages of infrastructure development, and that a program following a near optimal development path can lead to a system that has justifiable investments for the services delivered at each stage past the initial technology demonstration     

Enhancing box-wing design efficiency through machine learning based optimization

The optimization of wings typically relies on computationally intensive high-fidelity simulations, which restrict the quick exploration of design spaces. To address this problem, this paper introduces a methodology dedicated to optimizing box wing configurations using low-fidelity data driven machine learning approach. This technique showcases its practicality through the utilization of a tailored low-fidelity machine learning technique, specifically designed for early-stage wing configuration. By employing surrogate model trained on small dataset derived from low-fidelity simulations, our method aims to predict outputs within an acceptable range. This strategy significantly mitigates computational costs and expedites the design exploration process. The methodology's validation relies on its successful application in optimizing the box wing of PARSIFAL, serving as a benchmark, while the primary focus remains on optimizing the newly designed box wing by Bionica. Applying this method to the Bionica configuration led to a notable 14% improvement in overall aerodynamic efficiency. Furthermore, all the optimized results obtained from machine learning model undergo rigorous assessments through the high-fidelity RANS analysis for confirmation.This methodology introduces innovative approach that aims to streamline computational processes,potentially reducing the time and resources required compared to traditional optimization methods.     

基于ANSYS的飞机轮胎分解机效果分析

针对B737系列的飞机子午线轮胎H40x14．5—19,在有限元软件ANSYS中建立了轮胎的胎冠、帘布、胎肩等9种不同的结构层。考虑了轮胎的三重非线性（材料非线性、几何非线性、接触非线性）以及轮胎与轮辋由于长期使用产生的粘合对轮胎分解的影响,利用pilot节点法模拟了拆胎机不同形状压盘的压胎过程。结果表明当压盘β角为40°时,轮胎分解效果最好。该模型对轮胎分解机结构设计、压盘的优化提供了依据。     

基于VB6.0的监控系统软件中数据存储及数据曲线实现方法的研究

本文对监控系统软件中数据存储方式及数据曲线实现方法进行了研究，采用动态链表实现了实时数据的高效链式动态存储，通过调用WndowsAPI函数实现了实时及历史数据曲线的动态显示。     

供热系统集约化运行的能耗监测及节能调节问题探讨

对我校供热系统的现状进行了分析;指出了锅炉热效率及能耗监控方面的不足,并针对锅炉热效率提高和二次网循环泵变频调节进行了节能分析计算;同时根据我校实际情况对循环泵设备配置及控制进行了分析,提出了要加强技术指标量化考核和能耗监测,提高效率、节能降耗,实现供热系统的科学化、集约化运行。     

Global energy regulation in the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere system

Some basic concepts which are essential in the understanding of global energy regulation in the solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere system are introduced. The importance of line-tying concept is particularly emphasized in connection with the solar wind enetry, energy release in the magnetopshere and energy dissipation in the ionosphere.     

基于临界能量管理的着舰技术研究

以一种全新的视角,用能量管理来解释舰载机着舰,更加直接地分析舰载机的运动状态,并从能量管理的角度为着舰驾驶操作提供有益参考。结合舰载机着舰仿真数据,分析飞机油门、驾驶杆等控制量的输入对舰载机能量状态的影响,总结了规律性的着舰操纵方法,有助于飞行学员理解和掌握着舰理论,对其掌握舰载机的着舰驾驶技能有着积极的作用。     

机床热误差的无限冲激响应网络动态模型

本文阐述了数控机床热误差补偿技术的基本概念，提出了一种基于无限冲激响应（ⅡR）网络的数控机床热误差预报模型。讨论了该模型的建立及相关技术问题，对智能预报补偿系统进行了研究，并给出了智能预报的结果和精度评价。     

Optimization of project-ballistic parameters for low earth orbit spacecraft with propulsion systems with energy storage

Optimization of project-ballistic parameters of the spacecraft with propulsion systems with energy accumulation during the orbital transfer between low Earth orbits in the non-central gravitational field of the Earth is considered. The mass model of the spacecraft with an uncontrollable power-limited engine with the energy accumulator is used. The method of the project-ballistic optimization is obtained as an iterative procedure. Energy storage usage efficiency during the orbital transfer between low Earth orbits is estimated.