Fault detection of flywheel system based on clustering and principal component analysis

Considering the nonlinear, multifunctional properties of double-flywheel with closedloop control, a two-step method including clustering and principal component analysis is proposed to detect the two faults in the multifunctional flywheels. At the first step of the proposed algorithm,clustering is taken as feature recognition to check the instructions of ‘‘integrated power and attitude control system, such as attitude control, energy storage or energy discharge. These commands will ask the flywheel system to work in different operation modes. Therefore, the relationship of parameters in different operations can define the cluster structure of training data. Ordering points to identify the clustering structure(OPTICS) can automatically identify these clusters by the reachability-plot. K-means algorithm can divide the training data into the corresponding operations according to the reachability-plot. Finally, the last step of proposed model is used to define the relationship of parameters in each operation through the principal component analysis(PCA) method.Compared with the PCA model, the proposed approach is capable of identifying the new clusters and learning the new behavior of incoming data. The simulation results show that it can effectively detect the faults in the multifunctional flywheels system.     

基于等效时间的混合储能系统高功率密度优化配置

越来越多的电力电子装置应用到多电飞机（MEA）电力系统中,导致MEA用电负荷功率呈现脉动特性,采用混合储能系统（HESS）平抑负荷功率脉动。为减少HESS重量,提出了一种高功率密度的优化配置方法。为建立负荷功率与储能介质之间的关系,提出了等效时间（ET）的概念,比较两者的ET常数作为储能系统类型选取的依据。进一步提出空间矢量法,采用能量型储能介质矢量和功率型储能介质矢量合成负荷功率,确定最优单体和截止频率,实现了HESS高功率密度配置。同时,从能量约束和功率约束两个方面进行HESS的容量的计算。最后,通过算例配置和仿真分析验证了本文所提方法的可行性和正确性。     

基于机器视觉的玻璃瓶检测系统

随着数字图像处理技术的发展,图像检测的应用逐渐成为许多工程应用中的关键技术。文中阐述了在玻璃瓶检测中,利用数字图像处理技术设计的检测系统的结构、实现原理和实现方法;通过像素坐标平均法进行瓶口定位,利用环形扫描法对有瓶口裂缝、瓶口缺口、瓶颈裂缝等缺陷的玻璃瓶进行检测,实现了准确、快速、无接触检测的功能。     

Spacecraft energy storage systems

Flywheel Energy Storage Systems represent an exciting alternative to traditional battery storage systems used to power satellites during periods of eclipse. The increasing demand for reliable communication and data access is driving explosive growth in the number of satellite systems being developed as well as their performance requirements. Power-on orbit is the key to this performance, and batteries are becoming increasingly unattractive as an energy storage media. Flywheel systems offer very attractive characteristics for both energy storage, in terms of energy density and the number of charge/discharge cycles, and the important side benefit of spacecraft attitude control     

基于支持向量机的飞行控制系统辨识

以飞机为研究背景,基于系统辨识中的串-并联辨识模型,应用一种支持向量回归机的方法,对飞行控制系统模型进行了辨识。通过仿真,成功地得到了飞行控制系统的辨识模型。结果表明:该方法有很好的预测性能,具有很高的精度,同时也能很好地反映飞行控制系统的特性。     

基于三菱PLC的化油器单钻孔机床的控制系统设计

本文讨论了如何利用三菱FX1N系列PLC进行化油器单钻孔机床的自动化控制,根据机床加工的控制要求及控制分析,选择合适的PLC机型,设计控制系统的硬件和软件部分;经过机床的组装、调试,控制系统能够满足机床的加工要求,提高了机床的自动化程度。     

基于集员估计的卫星飞轮故障检测与预测方法

为了对卫星飞轮故障进行提前预警,提出了一种基于集员估计的故障检测和预测方法。首先,基于飞轮的动态模型设计了一种基于中心对称多面体的故障检测方法。在检测出飞轮故障后,选取飞轮的电流数据作为故障特征,并采用线性模型或非线性模型来描述其退化规律。然后,提出了一种基于中心对称多面体的集员算法,对退化模型中的未知参数进行估计,并以此为基础预测未来时刻的故障,进而实现对飞轮故障的提前预警。最后,通过数值仿真,将所提出的方法和两种现有的故障预测技术进行了对比。仿真结果表明了所提方法的有效性和优越性。     

Magnetically inflatable SPS with energy storage capability

A new approach to superconductive magnetic energy storage (SMES) for solar power satellite (SPS) with inherent rigidity is introduced in this paper. The rigidity of this SMES originating from the electromagnetic forces within it, can eliminate the need for mechanical building blocks for support structure. This force can also be used for the deployment of the system in space. In addition, the storage capability of the system allows its use in low Earth orbit (LEO) which reduces the launching and transmission costs. The paper also discusses the basic design and the operation of the proposed SPS system     

Magnetic energy storage devices for small scale applications

The author considers basic principles of magnetic energy storage, structure requirements and limitations, configurations of inductors, attributes of high-T_c superconducting materials including thermal instabilities, a relative comparison with the state-of-the-art high energy density power sources, and refrigeration requirements. A review of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) technology reveals that the advent of high-temperature ceramic superconducting materials and advances in high strength materials and refrigeration technology are likely to facilitate fabrication of smaller SMES units. The design parameters of a micro superconducting magnetic energy unit for Air Force application are presented and discussed     

Comparative analysis of energy storage media and techniques

Techniques for storing and converting energy from one form to another are examined. The parameters of interest are storage density (in terms of both energy and power), conversion efficiency, and number of steps in the conversion process. The techniques compared are electrostatic, magnetic, inertial, chemical, thermal, and nuclear. Each technique for storage is discussed in terms of the ease with which the energy can be converted to electricity for powering lightweight compact power systems for a variety of uses. The storage density associated with the various mechanisms spans an enormous range (~0.5 MJ/kg to ~10⁵ MJ/kg). The impact upon time-to-refuel within the context of mobile tactical army applications is discussed     

变论域模糊控制在压铸机压力控制系统中的应用研究

针对压铸机压力系统具有的非线性、纯滞后的特点,提出了采用论域自调整模糊控制作为控制策略,并设计相应的模糊控制器,仿真结果表明,论域自调整模糊控制用较少的控制规则实现了精度较高的控制,算法简单,易于实现。该控制方案具有稳态精度高,鲁棒性强的特点,从而提高铸件质量,提供经济效益。     

基于混水原理的供热系统节能分析

混水供热对供热运行有很好的调节作用,并逐渐被更多的供热运行自动控制系统所采用。对某分流混水供热自动控制系统进行了分析,指出了分流混水方式的弊端。提出了采用回流混水供热方式可以更有效地进行供热调节和节能降耗,并且具有响应快和准确度高等优点;同时对回流混水供热进行了节能分析、定量计算以及水温控制方程推导等。     

基于第二动力技术的TBCC综合能源展望

飞行器电能、液压能和气压能的功率需求由第二动力系统单独做功或提取发动机主轴功率供应。TBCC发动机模态转换后,第二动力系统无法从发动机主轴提取功率。因此,需要解决空天飞行器第二动力系统长时间大功率能量输出的问题。分析航空蓄电池、起动发电机、APU、GTS、ATS和RAT的技术特点、发展现状以及第二动力的发展趋势,结合高超声速飞行器的发展趋势,提出ATS/RAT组合和多电超导发动机/大比能的储能装置技术组合是实现空天高超声速飞行器综合能源的技术路线。     

Magnetic energy storage and conversion in the solar atmosphere

A review of the theoretical problems associated with preflare magnetic energy storage and conversion is presented. The review consists of three parts; preflare magnetic energy storage, magnetic energy conversion mechanisms, and preflare triggers. In Section 2, the relationship between magnetic energy storage and the electrodynamic coupling of the solar atmosphere is developed. By accounting for the electrodynamic coupling of the solar atmosphere, we are able to examine the fundamental problems associated with the concept of in situ versus remote magnetic-energy storage. Furthermore, this approach permits us to distinguish between the roles of local and global parameters in the storage process.Section 3 is focused on the conversion mechanisms that can explain, in principle, the rapid energy release of a flare. In addition, we discuss how electrodynamic coupling eventually dictates which mechanism(s) is responsible for releasing the stored magnetic energy, and how the global coupling dictates the final evolution of the relevant mechanism. Section 4 examines preflare triggers and Section 5, we examine the most promising directions for future research into the problem of magnetic-energy storage and conversion of the Sun.     

基于总能量理论的着舰飞行/推力控制系统

为提高舰载飞机在低动压着舰条件下飞行操纵性能和实现飞行航迹/速度之间的解耦,首先设计了阻尼器,使飞机的短周期阻尼达到了一级飞行品质的要求;然后,基于总能量控制理论设计了着舰飞行/推力综合控制系统。该控制系统使航迹角的响应带宽为1.21 rad/s。仿真结果表明,该系统能够在保持速度恒定的条件下实现航迹角的快速响应,而且对气动参数摄动具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于能量平衡的平流层飞艇推进系统建模与优化设计

为了在平流层飞艇推进系统高效率和轻质量需求的矛盾之中取得平衡,提出基于能量平衡的平流层飞艇推进系统建模与优化设计方法。利用试验设计和代理模型技术分别建立了高空电动机、螺旋桨的主要设计参数与其效率和质量的代理模型。建立了包含太阳能电池和储能电池的飞艇能源系统质量计算模型。以整系统能量平衡和推阻平衡为约束,以推进与能源系统总质量最小为目标,借助多岛遗传算法构建了飞艇推进系统优化设计数学模型。对某型平流层飞艇推进系统进行了优化设计,结果表明:优化后的推进系统效率提升了23%,推进与能源系统总质量降低了340 kg,验证了该平流层飞艇推进系统建模与优化设计方法的可行性和应用价值。     

Nature's efficient energy production, storage, and data processing

Converting the solar energy received on the surface of the Earth has not been practical with heat engines because of the low density of this energy. On a clear bright day in the summer, the sun generally delivers less than 80 W per square foot. Also, heat engines are prohibited from exceeding the Carnot-cycle efficiency limit. On the other hand, plants perform their energy conversion electrochemically, and, hence, are not limited by the Carnot-cycle. They use solar energy to produce useful fuels that range from corn-cobs and maple syrup to pitch and firewood. However, they have an extremely complicated process control that uses blue and red parts of the visible solar spectrum to extract hydrogen from water and carbon from carbon dioxide to make hydrocarbons. They do not need precious-metal catalysts; however they run complex data processing programs in which stored instructions control electrochemical reactions and also cause growth and production of needed products to occur when needed.     

FEL system for energy transmission

The use of a free electron laser (FEL) as the power source for transmission from Earth stations to space assets is discussed. Considerations of requirements including net power transmitted, system reliability, system availability, cost, and technical maturity are addressed to determine a reasonable development path to an optimal system. Various applications of transmitted power are examined such as supplementary power to communications satellites, orbit raising through the use of electric and thermal thrusters, supplementary power to manned orbiters and space stations. It is seen that each of these applications leads to different stages of infrastructure development, and that a program following a near optimal development path can lead to a system that has justifiable investments for the services delivered at each stage past the initial technology demonstration     

基于机器视觉与UMAC的自动铺丝成型构件缺陷检测闭环控制系统

为保证自动铺丝成型构件的性能,实现对成型构件表面质量的高效检测,本文基于机器视觉检测技术,自行研发自动铺丝成型构件表面缺陷检测闭环控制系统,使自动铺丝过程中预浸纱之间的间隙或重叠在允许范围内,从而保证铺丝精度。研究主要分为三个部分:铺丝成型构件表面图像提取与缺陷检测,检测数据传输,运动轴反馈控制,实现在自动铺丝过程中对成型构件表面缺陷检测实时闭环控制。针对电荷耦合相机采集到的预浸纱图像存在运动模糊和信噪比低等问题,将图像预处理划分为图像复原和降噪两大功能,根据不同类型的噪声采用对应滤波法进行降噪处理,提高了图像的信噪比,为后续检测提供高质量图像;预浸纱缺陷主要由其边缘直线这一几何特征进行表征,因此通过对预浸纱边缘检测实现缺陷识别;利用工控机向图像采集控制器发送命令实现图像采集,同时通过工控机与运动控制器之间信息流和数据流的交换实现检测数据的传输。探讨模糊控制理论用于闭环控制的研究,在反模糊化环节后面,加入自适应参数调节,以适应加工过程的突变,并成功地应用到自动铺丝缺陷检测闭环控制系统中,提高了伺服跟踪精度和跟踪实时性,从而提高铺丝精度。