相变材料容器的瞬态热分析

空间太阳能热动力发电系统是很有前途的空间电源系统。基于微重力状态下的导热控制微分方程，采用焓法对相变材料容器进行了二维数值分析，改进了以往的模拟计算，对计算结果给予了讨论。     

风挡防冰表面温度场计算

在研究国内外有关资料的基础上，采用了量纲分析的方法，建立了风挡外表面温度场的计算模型。回避了对自由流与射流相互干扰这一复杂问题的研究，同时对该计算模型进行了验证，并开发了相应的计算程序。该问题的解决，填补了国内在该领域中的空白。     

座舱瞬态热载荷的计算与仿真

以我国新一代战斗机的研制为背景,提出了高精度的飞机座舱瞬态热载荷的计算与仿真方法.与传统的计算方法相比,通过联解传导-辐射-对流耦合的控制方程以求出蒙皮温度、座舱各壁面温度,同时考虑了透过舱盖、风挡等透明体的太阳辐射对舱内驾驶员、座椅及仪表盘这类内表面温度和舱内空气温度的影响.通过将座舱内外壁面和舱内空气作为一体联解方程组后,结合某飞行剖面求解了飞机座舱实时瞬态热载荷,并比较了采用本方法与传统方法对计算精度的影响.      

Errors in the remotely sensed ocean reflectance

An approximate method has been described to determine optical properties of the ocean surface from the reflected short-wave radiance at the top of the atmosphere. The non-scattered and singly scattered components of the radiation field have been taken into account exactly, the multiply scattered components - approximately. The calculations for a real atmospheric model have been compared with the results of an exact method for solving the radiation transfer equation.On the basis of the elaborated algorithm the sensitivity of the value of the remotely sensed spectral albedo of the ocean to the variations in optical thickness, single scattering albedo and aerosol phase function has been described as well as the influence of vertical inhomogeneity of the atmosphere.     

人体热调节系统中血液换热的数值研究

在总结以往人体热调节系统数学模型的基础上，提出了人体热调节系统中的血液换热模型，并对人体生物热方程作了改进，经改进后的人体热调节系统数学模型具有更好的计算精度，其计算结果与实验实测值吻合良好。     

飞机防滑控制系统的分布式实时仿真

 首先对飞机防滑刹车系统的工作原理进行了较为详细的分析,并建立了系统的数学模型.在此基础上,采用分布式实时仿真系统对系统进行了仿真研究,给出了分布式实时仿真系统的结构方案,讨论了仿真算法、仿真步长的选取等问题.并对某飞机防滑刹车系统在干跑道、湿跑道2种情况下的仿真结果进行了分析.经实验验证,该分布式实时仿真系统具有实时性好,处理能力强等优点.     

Influence of buoyancy-driven convection on protein separation by free-flow electrophoresis.

In free-flow electrophoresis, the stability and reproducibility of the flow field are prerequisites for a satisfactory separation. Due to the presence of the species to be separated and due to mass- and heat-transfer phenomena, non-uniformities in density inevitably appear, both within the carrier buffer and between the carrier buffer and the sample stream. On earth they give rise to buoyancy-driven convection which interferes with the separation. These effects have been quantified by numerical modelling. Agreement has been found between the numerical results and experimental observations.     

基于注意力机制的跨分辨率行人重识别

行人图像分辨率的变化对现有的行人重识别方法带来了很大的挑战。针对这一问题，提出了一种新的跨分辨率行人重识别方法。该方法从两方面解决分辨率变化带来的识别困难:一方面通过通道注意力机制和空间注意力机制捕捉人物特征获取局部区域；另一方面通过核动态上采样模块恢复任意分辨率图像的局部区域信息。为了验证所提方法的有效性，在Market1501、CUHK03和CAVIAR三个公开数据集上开展了对比实验，实验结果表明:所提方法取得了最佳性能。      

液体火箭贮箱增压计算公式的分析

<正>一、问题的提出火箭推进剂贮箱增压系统是液体火箭上不可缺少的一个系统,增压系统保证的推进剂贮箱压力值直接关系到液体发动机工作的成败,攸关重要。然而要在地面靠模拟试验确定贮箱压力值,不仅耗资太大,并且边界条件复杂,模拟困难。因此,增压压力的理论计算就显得十分重要了。增压系统理论计算的要点是根据能量守恒原理及气体状态方程式,对进入贮箱的能量与输出的能量进行平衡,从而计算出推进剂贮箱内的增压气体压力Px。以往的增压计算,其基本公式均采用传统的方程式:     

气体渗碳过程的动态控制

利用气体渗碳物质传递数学模型来仿真计算碳浓度分布，并根据计算结果在计算机上拟合出碳浓度与时间、温度、气氛碳势之间的关系式，此关系式对气体渗碳的动态控制具有指导意义。     

长寿命通信卫星的可靠性研究

通信（广播）卫星是典型的有长寿命要求的卫星。在广泛调查国内外通信卫星工程资料的基础上，考察了它们的轨道性能与寿命情况，并分析了影响卫星寿命和可靠性的因素，空间环境是影响卫星性能和寿命的一个重要因素。对为了避免和减少环境效应影响的工程方法进行了探究。结合工程实际问题研究了长寿命卫星的设计策略，并对需进一步研究的课题作了探索。     

一种月球软着陆参考轨迹解析算法研究

使用了高度和航向航程匹配求解推重比的算法,解决了一种无直接解析解的参考轨迹的求解问题.在数值仿真的基础上,简化了参考轨迹的求解,给出了推重比与高度和航向航程的关系,以及这些关系存在的原因.应用Monte Carlo仿真法对该方法求解的可行性进行了仿真验证,并基于一个类Apollo的参考轨迹,验证了算法对参数分布引起的状态不定具有鲁棒性.     

Comparison of residual and dense neural network approaches for building extraction from high-resolution aerial images

Applications including change detection, disaster management, and urban planning require precise building information, and therefore automatic building extraction has become a significant research topic. With the improvements in sensor and satellite technologies, more data has become available, and with the increased computational power, deep learning methods have emerged as successful tools. In this study, U-Net and FPN architectures using four different backbones (ResNet-50, ResNeXt-50, SE-ResNext-50, and DenseNet-121), and an Attention Residual U-Net approach were used for building extraction from high-resolution aerial images. Two publicly available datasets, Inria Aerial Image Labeling Dataset and Massachusetts Buildings Dataset were used to train and test the models. According to the results, Attention Residual U-Net model has the highest F1 score with 0.8154, IoU score with 0.7102, and test accuracy with 94.51% on the Inria dataset. On the Massachusetts dataset, FPN Dense-Net-121 model has the highest F1 score with 0.7565 and IoU score with 0.6188, and Attention Residual U-Net model has the highest test accuracy with 92.43%. It has been observed that, FPN with DenseNet backbone can be a better choice when working with small size datasets. On the other hand, Attention Residual U-Net approach achieved higher success when a sufficiently large dataset is provided.     

周期性结构在毫米波波导同轴转换中应用

波导同轴转换连接器是微波、毫米波通信和测试中非常重要的器件.基于PBG(Photonic Band-Gap)和阶梯阻抗变换结构在导波系统中对电磁波传播性能的影响,探讨和研究了将这2种周期性结构应用在8 mm波导同轴转换连接器的设计中的情况,通过在同轴腔内导体介质支撑垫中布置二维PBG结构抑制同轴部分横向溢散的电磁波,通过在波导腔体内增加阶梯阻抗结构,改善阻抗变换效率,提高波导同轴转换器件的传输性能.仿真和实验证明了这种PBG/阶梯阻抗变换结构在毫米波波段同轴波导转换设计应用中的有效性,改善了系统的性能及稳定性,在不增加通常的调谐器件情况下,在较宽的频带范围内有效降低了驻波比.      

Estimation of stress and its use in evaluation of landslide prone regions using remote sensing data

Recently, use of remote sensing data for determining the orientation of stress has been demonstrated. The present study deals with the estimation of stress pattern in the part of the Himalayan region which shows the ongoing neo-tectonic activities. The study area falls into a tectonically active zone of the Central-Himalaya, with a complex geotectonic set-up confined by a number of faults. Efforts have been made to evaluate the technique as a fast algorithm for quick and time limited analysis of linear feature from which the orientation of the lineaments are estimated by using remote sensing data. Further, the estimation of stress and the lineament analysis have been used in mapping of landslide prone areas. Terrain information such as land cover, geology, lineament, faults, mega faults, geomorphology and drainage has been derived from the satellite imageries, and the existing thematic information has been updated to enable the quantification of landslide causative parameters. Spatial and temporal multi-layered information have been used for landslides hazard susceptibility analysis. The qualitative hazard analysis has been carried out using the map overlying techniques in GIS environment along the central part of Himalayan region. It has been observed that the high potential zones have been found to have very high lineament density, moderate to low drainage density and high slope areas of the terrain. On the basis of the geological and morphological analysis, it is further suggested that the combined impacts of the crushed nature of bed rock (due to the neo-tectonic activities), heavy rainfall and lack of vegetation cover cause persistent recurrence of landslides along this region. The role of earthquake on induction of landslides will be presented.     

近室温磁制冷工质选择的热力学准则

对近年来在制冷界研究相当活跃的磁制冷的工质，尤其是近室温磁制冷的工质－铁磁材料，在外加磁场中的热力学特性进行了分析、讨论，并在此基础上总结了选取近室温磁制冷工质的理论依据和原则，使实际中的选择工作有了针对性，减少了盲目性。     

在轨服务卫星GNC系统地面测试与在轨支持设计

针对在轨服务卫星GNC系统的任务特性,设计了一套地面测试系统,经过相应模块扩展即可用于在轨服务技术支持.该系统已应用于某型号GNC系统的地面测试和在轨运行,稳定性和可靠性良好.地面测试系统由动力学仿真器、星上产品模拟器、ATS测试系统、三维显示系统组成,该系统充分验证了星上软件算法逻辑和硬件电气接口.增加三维避障、图像显示分析等模块后,测试系统实时性更强,可视化程度更高,能适应卫星在轨服务等复杂工况.     

An experimental and empirical model of electron temperature for altitudes of 500 to 1000 km and for a high solar activity period

On the basis of systematic electron temperature measurements onboard the Interkosmos-19 satellite, an experimental global model of electron temperature T_e has been constructed; namely, a set of samples representing 10 intervals of measured T_e, accompanied by values of the geographic longitude, solar zenith angle, season of the year, Covington index, Dst and Kp, grouped according to the invariant latitude, geomagnetic time and altitude. On the basis of the experimental model, the coefficients of the empirical models for the summer and winter seasons, for geophysically quiet conditions, and for heights of 520, 600, 920 and 1000 km are calculated. For heights of 680, 760 and 840 km with fewer data available, the coefficients are provisional.