利用能量/动量飞轮的偏置动量姿态控制系统

研究偏置动量姿态控制系统中的集成能量与姿态控制问题。利用一对正 反转飞轮提供偏置角动量并同时储 /放能以满足星载设备的能源需求。滚动 /偏航运动由俯仰轴磁矩控制。设计了力矩形式的飞轮的控制律 ,使之提供期望的俯仰控制力矩 ,并以给定的功率储 /放能。保持两只飞轮正 反转可以完全避免飞轮控制律中的系统奇异。提出了利用动能反馈的飞轮储能功率规划方案 ,以使系统维持能量平衡 ,避免由于能量过剩引起的飞轮饱和。飞轮的最小转动惯量受最大偏置角动量和最小能量的限制 ,结合几何方法对这种限制条件进行了分析。数值仿真结果证明了控制方案的有效性。     

Momentum wheel start-up method for HAUSAT-2 ultra-small satellite

This paper addresses a newly proposed start-up method of the HAUSAT-2 satellite momentum wheel. The HAUSAT-2 is a 25 kg class nanosatellite which is stabilized to an earth pointing attitude by 3-axis active control method. A momentum wheel performs two functions. It provides a pitch-axis momentum bias while measuring satellite pitch and roll attitude. Pitch control is accomplished in a conventional way by driving a momentum wheel in response to pitch attitude errors. Precession control and nutation damping are provided by operating the pitch-axis magnetic torquer. A momentum wheel is nominally spinning at a particular rate, and speed changes are made as needed. Spinning the momentum wheel redistributes the angular momentum to the spacecraft body. If the wheel is suddenly spun up to its nominal speed, the large momentum produced together with the existing momentum due to the nominal rotational motions will result in a high disturbance and unstable motion. This simulation study investigates the feasibility and performance of a proposed strategy for starting-up the wheel. A proposed strategy to start-up the wheel shows that its pitch momentum wheel can start-up successfully to its nominal speed from rest, and can be stabilized to nadir pointing within about three orbits.     

Adaptive controller design for satellite attached by non-cooperative object

When non-cooperative body attachment occurs in space, the inertia of the new combination and the change of the system’s momentum are unknown. This uncertainty may lead to the instability of the spacecraft’s attitude control. In order to solve this problem, we propose an adaptive control scheme based on the inertia estimation of the new, combined system of non-cooperative body and satellite. This method can allow the new combination of different situations to reach a stable state with a high level of precision and speed. In this paper, the stability of the adaptive control scheme is proven by constructing a Lyapunov function. A simulation environment in which a non-cooperative body attaches to a satellite attaches to is constructed. The simulation shows that the attitude error converges to a small field when using the control scheme, regardless of unfavorable cases, including unknown inertia parameters, added momentum. In addition, the simulation results show the strong robustness of the control scheme for the new combination.     

克服旋转飞行器螺旋运动的方法研究

旋转飞行器虽然具有内在稳定性，但在飞行过程中一些不确定因素会导致飞行器产生螺旋运动，而非理想的关于角动量矢量纯粹的旋转运动。结合旋转飞行器自身的特点，借鉴自旋卫生的被动章动阻尼的方法，提出了一种通过主动控制飞行器内部质量块的运动使得飞行器碑的惯量主轴发生偏移，惯量矩阵由原来的对称阵变为含有非零非对角元素的矩阵，从而改变飞行器的姿态角运动来克服螺旋运动的方法，这将有助于提高旋转飞行器的资态控制精度。以某型旋转飞行器为背景进行仿真研究，计算结果证实了该方法的有效性和可行性。     

纳卫星变轨段质量矩姿态控制系统设计

提出应用质量矩控制技术实现纳卫星轨道机动过程中的姿态稳定控制。在设计出质量矩滑块构型后,利用动量和动量矩定理推导了八自由度(DOF)动力学模型,并根据动力学分析结果建立了简化控制模型。以此为基础,基于全局滑模控制理论设计了俯仰偏航通道姿态稳定和滑块位置跟踪的鲁棒控制器,并在参数不确定性条件下对控制系统进行了仿真,结果表明:所设计的二维质量矩控制系统能快速控制卫星姿态,并对系统扰动具有较强的鲁棒性,可以应用于纳卫星变轨段的姿态控制。     

Model Development and Adaptive Imbalance Vibration Control of Magnetic Suspended System

对星载磁悬浮单框架控制力矩陀螺,建立其转子的平动与转动的动力学方程。所建模型反映了转子的动、静不平衡特性,以及转子运动与框架、星体运动的耦合关系。模型是主动磁悬浮控制与动框架效应分析的基础。对动、静不平衡量未知的转子,设计了自适应对中控制器。在分散PD、比例交叉反馈控制器与高低通滤波器的基础上,通过动、静不平衡量的辨识与补偿控制,使转子绕其惯量主轴旋转,衰减角动量交换执行机构高速转子因不平衡而对基座产生的干扰力,消除星上主要颤振源,达到降低卫星姿态抖动的目的。     

基于变结构控制器的敏捷卫星姿态机动方法

随着遥感卫星观测能力的逐步提升,对卫星敏捷机动能力提出了更高的要求。针对敏捷卫星大角度姿态机动问题,以6个单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)组成五棱锥构型的姿态控制系统执行机构,在构建敏捷卫星姿态运动数学模型以及设计SGCMG系统操纵律的基础上,对卫星绕Euler轴进行姿态机动的角轨迹进行规划,并设计了一种基于误差四元数与误差角速度的变结构控制器。仿真及在轨验证结果表明,该控制器能够完成规划轨迹的良好跟踪且具有较强的鲁棒性,研究成果对敏捷卫星姿态控制系统的设计具有重要的参考意义。     

大载荷摆动情况下飞行器姿态控制研究(英文)

天文观测卫星的主敏感器安装在一个具有二自由度、并直接与卫星平台相连的万向支架上。因敏感器的质量和长度不能忽略,故卫星姿态及其质心位置、转动惯量等结构参数将因敏感器与卫星间的角运动而发生改变,因此大载荷摆动情况下的飞行器姿态控制是本文研究的重点。本文根据动量矩定理推导出了存在内部相对运动的二刚体动力学模型,卫星系统的转动惯量将由该模型确定。由卫星的当前及其期望姿态四元数,构建出描述卫星姿态偏差的拟欧拉角;对拟欧拉角进行规范化处理,以保证三通道所对应的拟欧拉角分量分别由控制力矩的3个分量所控制。之后,提出了基于拟欧拉角的姿态开关控制律,该控制律可保证三通道所对应的相轨迹可沿开关线滑向坐标原点(其期望状态)。仿真结果表明,即使是在结构不对称和三通道严重耦合的情况下,该控制律也能保证卫星姿态可以得到较好的控制。     

跟踪弹道导弹时预警卫星姿态前馈协同控制

基于角动量守恒定理,推导了跟踪弹道导弹时,具有活动部件的预警卫星姿态前馈协同控制。该控制算法基于角动量守恒方程估计红外相机运动产生的角动量扰动以及为抑制该扰动所需的期望飞轮转速,将期望飞轮转速与实际转速的偏差作为前馈信号加入到传统控制系统中,推导出预警卫星姿态前馈控制模型。最后通过数值仿真验证了控制方法,仿真结果与理论分析具有很好的一致性。并且该控制方法简单、可靠,能够适应卫星在轨实时控制。     

Satellite Librational Damping Using a Quasi-Feedback Solar Controller

The feasibility of developing a simple quasi-feedback solar attitude controller is explored. The case of arbitrarily-shaped satellites carrying two pairs of solar surfaces in circular orbits is considered. An approximate analytical approach is used to synthesize the suitable open-loop control relations enabling decay of the satellite librations. The quasi-feedback control scheme suggested here is found to be quite effective in damping the pitch motion. The proposed control approach appears to be particularly attractive as it requires knowledge of the librational angle and velocity only at a fixed satellite position in orbit.     

Nonlinear adaptive spacecraft attitude control using solar radiation pressure

Spacecraft and interplanetary probes orbiting at high altitudes experience forces due to solar radiation pressure, which can be used for maneuvering. The question of large angle pitch attitude maneuvers of satellites using solar radiation torque is considered. For pitch axis maneuver, two highly reflective control surfaces are used to generate radiation moment. The solar radiation moment is a complex nonlinear function of the attitude and parameters of the satellite, the orbital parameters, and the deflection angles of the reflective control surfaces. It is assumed that the parameters of the satellite model are unknown. Based on a backstepping design technique, a nonlinear adaptive control law is derived for the control of the pitch angle. In the closed-loop system, the pitch angle asymptotically tracks prescribed reference trajectories. Simulation results are presented to show that the adaptive control system accomplishes attitude control of the satellite in spite of the parameter uncertainties in the system.     

一种偏置动量轮在轨维护的变带宽控制方法

针对长寿命运行卫星在轨维护中出现的备份偏置动量轮离散性差异较大,导致俯仰角收敛缓慢的问题,在姿态现象分析的基础上,根据卫星姿态动力学原理,建立偏置动量轮工作模式下的俯仰姿态的PID(Proportion Integration Differentiation,比例积分微分)控制模型,并进行系统开环与闭环传递函数公式推导。然后在伯德图(Bode Diagram)基础上,重点分析相位裕量的敏感参数,给出俯仰姿态控制回路的带宽调整方法,实现变带宽控制。卫星偏置动量轮在轨切换维护的结果表明,通过及时调整PID参数,减小回路带宽,可以有效改善相位裕量,保持卫星控制性能,实现俯仰姿态快速收敛,且俯仰角控制精度优于0.03°,取得较好的应用效果。     

质量矩固体推进微纳卫星自适应反演控制律设计

为解决微纳卫星利用固体火箭推进器进行快速轨道机动时的姿态翻滚问题,提出了利用质量矩技术对卫星的俯仰、偏航通道姿态进行稳定控制。首先考虑推进剂燃烧、质量块运动等因素引起的系统质量特性参数的变化,建立质量矩固体推进微纳卫星姿态动力学模型;然后分析了推进剂燃烧、质量矩控制引入的系统模型参数不确定性、连续有界未知干扰;随后基于反演控制方法,设计了卫星姿态角和姿态角速度双回路自适应滑模动态面控制器,利用自适应算法调节控制参数估计来补偿不确定因素的影响;基于Lyapunov函数证明了闭环系统的稳定性。最后,通过数值仿真验证了控制算法的有效性。     

利用变速控制力矩陀螺的航天器集成能量与姿态控制

 利用变速控制力矩陀螺(VSCMG)的航天器姿态与能量一体化控制问题。针对以VSCMG为姿态控制执行机构的刚体航天器设计了全局渐近稳定的姿态跟踪控制律。将VSCMG的框架角速度和转子角加速度作为控制输入向量设计操纵律。利用加权的最小范数解得到VSCMG的姿态控制输入向量,并用与之正交的控制输入向量来以给定的功率存储/释放能量。提出了同时表征力矩陀螺模式构型奇异和转子轮速平衡的混合指标函数。对控制自由度有冗余的系统,在混合指标函数的基础上利用梯度法构建了VSCMG的空转运动,以回避力矩陀螺模式的构型奇异,并同时减小转子转速差过大引起的转速饱和以及VSCMG零奇异的可能性。利用反馈转子动能的方法规划日照期间的储能功率,以维持系统长时间工作的能量平衡。基于某太阳同步轨道卫星的数值仿真结果验证了系统的有效性。     

空间站姿态/动量联合非线性控制

从Lyapunov稳定性理论出发,设计了一个非线性控制器,实现了空间站姿态和控制力矩陀螺角动量的联合控制。在此基础上,为抑制周期性环境干扰力矩对姿态控制性能的影响,引入了周期性扰动抑制滤波器,对非线性姿态/动量控制器进行了改进。改进的控制器不但可以抑制空间站姿态的周期性波动,而且可在满足特定飞行任务的前提下,建立空间站指向和控制力矩陀螺动量管理间的折中。控制器参数物理意义明确,易于调整。对空间站姿态控制/动量管理系统的仿真结果表明,该控制器是可行的。     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

Feedback linearization and solar pressure satellite attitudecontrol

The question of large angle pitch attitude maneuver of satellites using solar radiation pressure is considered. For pitch axis maneuver, two highly reflective control surfaces are used to generate radiation moment. Based on dynamic feedback linearization, a nonlinear control law is derived for large pitch attitude control. In the closed-loop system, the response characteristics of the pitch angle are governed by a fourth-order linear differential equation. Robustness of control system is obtained by the integral error feedback. Simulation results are presented to show that in the closed-loop system, attitude control of the satellite is accomplished in spite of the parameter uncertainty in the system     

基于内模原理的变质心弹头控制

研究了变质心弹头对配平攻角的能达性条件。针对气动力矩小于滑块惯性力矩的控制失稳问题,利用内模原理,通过增加滑块动力学观测器,将滑块状态引入并结合逆解耦机制,达到去惯性力矩化的局部姿态角速度反馈条件,使用自适应PD控制实现弱气动环境下的变质心稳定控制。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Modelling the Torques Affecting the Hipparcos Satellite

Reconstructed attitude data for the Hipparcos mission as obtained in the final stages of the data analysis for the published catalogue is used to derive detailed information on the dynamics of the satellite. Most elements of the inertia tensor of the satellite could be calibrated from the observed acceleration data, which are also used to reconstruct torques due to solar radiation and gravity gradient, and the magnetic moment of the satellite and it's interaction with the magnetic field surounding the Earth. The effects of the oblateness of the Earth on the gravity gradient are evaluated and shown to be negligable. The magnetic field model includes both the `main' and the `disturbance' fields. The remaining systematic effects in residual torques are most likely attributed to variations in the magnetic field that are local and are beyond the models used to describe it. The angular momentum vector for one of the gyros was reconstructed from the torque it asserted on the satellite while it was running in redundant mode. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

空间绳系机器人捕获目标后的面内自适应回收方法

在空间绳系机器人(TSR)捕获目标星后,操作机构与目标星形成质量、惯量和系绳连接点位置等参数未知的组合体,且系绳长度、偏角与组合体姿态严重耦合,控制输入严格受限,回收控制十分困难。针对其回收难题,综合考虑系绳长度、系绳偏角与组合体姿态,利用拉格朗日法建立了轨道面内的动力学模型,并基于动态逆理论设计了一种自适应抗饱和回收控制方法。首先,在对组合体质量、惯量与系绳连接点进行在线估计的基础上,设计一种自适应动态逆回收控制器;然后,设计辅助变量对控制输入进行补偿,解决控制输入受限问题;最后进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,在线估计器能够快速有效地估计组合体动力学参数,回收控制系统能够利用受限的控制输入克服抓捕时刻的系绳偏角和组合体姿态扰动,并沿设计的回收轨迹实现稳定有效回收。