Vortex sensor of aerodynamic angle and true airspeed

In this paper, we describe some principles of construction, algorithms for data processing, and a functional scheme of the vortex sensor for aerodynamic angles and true airspeed measurements in subsonic flight vehicles. Also presented are some relations for determining the ranges of measurements and indicated errors of this sensor and its design peculiarities and advantages are considered.     

System engineering design of a vortex aerodynamic angle and true airspeed sensor

Application prospects, a functional diagram and algorithms for processing informative signals from a vortex aerodynamic angle and true airspeed sensor are considered. The requirements for transducers of pressure pulsations downstream of vortex generators are formed, a technique and connection of these transducers to the sensor circuit diagram are described. A technique is presented to analyze individual and resultant errors of the aerodynamic angle and true airspeed channels.     

Synthesis of electrode system and simulation of ion-marking sensor for aerodynamic angle and airspeed measurement

A functional scheme, primary informative signals, a method of electrode system structural parameters synthesis and evaluation of a systematic error of the ion-marking sensor for aerodynamic angle and airspeed measurement are the focus of this paper.     

Optimization of electrode system for the aircraft time-of-flight ion-marking airspeed and angle of attack sensor

A technique of optimizing the electrode system of the differential recorder for the aircraft time-of-flight ion-marking airspeed and aircraft angle of attack sensor by the criterion of ion-marking recording error variance minimum is considered. The technique is based on analyzing the function of spatial distribution for the ion-marking and recorder electrode interaction field potential and determining a point for which this function reaches the maximum slope. The relations making it possible to synthesize the sensor electrode system by the complex criterion as a ratio of error variance to transformation channel response are obtained.     

低耗散高可信度格式及其在气动力热计算中的应用

本文简要介绍了TVD类型格式中近似黎曼解的耗散机理,该耗散机制对于粘性问题的计算有较大的负面影响.通过引入低耗散的格式,所发展的数值方法对粘性流场的气动力热问题的计算具有较高的精度.以该数值方法为基础发展的软件系统,在亚跨超和高超声速领域中的气动力热问题上均得到了验证,计算结果与实验进行了对比验证,表明该计算软件系统具有较高的可信性.     

大迎角下导弹气动耦合控制系统分析

工程设计中，基于三通道自独立的前提来设计导弹控制器的常用方法，一般是将耦合项作为随机干扰来处理，这种方法不但具有一定的盲目性和不确定性，而且还丰厚明显的理论缺陷：耦合的存在改变了原系统的性能，严重时甚至会影响系统的稳定性。因此，只有当耦合影响很微弱时，这种方法才有实际应用价值。现分别从稳定裕度和气动参数两个方面，论述了气动交连耦合是造成大迎角飞行导弹控制系统不稳定的重要原因，并由此得出结论：对于大迎角下气动耦合强烈的导弹，其控制系统需考虑采用解耦控制，以便行这有效地变不稳定系统为稳定系统。     

Accuracy of angle estimation with monopulse processing using twobeams

Expressions are provided for the accuracy of monopulse angle estimation using two beams. It is shown that, if the signal angle is halfway between the angles of the beams, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) for monopulse processing is almost as small as the CRLB obtained if the entire array of sensors is used. The monopulse CRLB is considerably poorer if the angle of the signal is equal to that of one of the two beams. The expressions in this correspondence are for a uniformly weighted linear array of M equally spaced sensors, for which N⩾M beams are formed     

战斗机大迎角/过失速机动下的进气道气动特性

为掌握战斗机在大迎角和过失速机动飞行时进气道的稳、动态气动特性,采用基于动态嵌套网格的非定常雷诺平均Navier-Stokes （URANS）方程和大迎角风洞试验方法对某战斗机进行了研究,并通过大迎角和过失速机动飞行试验进行了验证。结果表明：大迎角稳态下进气道气动性能随迎角增大逐渐降低,天地相关性吻合良好,而计算仿真和飞行试验均捕捉了眼镜蛇机动下进气道的非定常迟滞效应。通过研究获得了战斗机在大迎角和过失速机动下的进气道气动特性,建立了过失速机动下进气道非定常非线性特性问题的研究方法。     

进口附面层对大转角弯曲扩压叶栅气动性能的影响

在低速条件下,对不同进口附面层厚度的大折转角环形弯曲扩压叶栅进行了实验和数值研究,分析了在不同厚度的进口附面层条件下叶片弯曲对扩压叶栅气动性能的影响.结果表明,相比实验进口附面层条件,当进口附面层较薄时,在多数冲角情况下采用正弯叶片对叶栅气动性能的改善程度都有所增大,而较大正冲角时,在较大折转角叶栅中采用较大弯角的正弯曲叶片仍然引起损失激增.      

塞锥形状和偏转角对轴对称塞式喷管气动性能的影响

塞式喷管是1种具有质量轻、红外隐身效果好等优点的典型喷管.为分析矢量偏转角和塞锥的几何参数对涡扇发动机轴对称塞式矢量喷管排气系统气动特性的影响,采用CFD方法进行了数值模拟研究.结果表明:尾喷流随喷管偏转而有效偏转,推力系数随矢量偏转而减小,在高空状态下较为严重.在地面状态下偏转20°时的推力系数较无矢量偏转时减小了1.2％,在高空状态下偏转20°时的推力系数减小了2.5％;塞锥前体的导圆半径变化没有使气流分离,对气动性能影响不大;塞锥后体长度增加使喷管内部压力提升,塞锥尾缘低压区缩小.     

飞机等表速运动方程与稳态爬升参数计算

为了揭示等表速飞行的内在机理,建立了飞机等表速运动方程,提出了等表速爬升运动参数计算方法。对比等表速和等真空速爬升公式,提出了功率因子的概念,以反映飞机等表速与等真空速爬升所需单位剩余功率之间的关系。针对等表速等推力、等表速等梯度、等表速等升降速度3种典型爬升方式,应用飞机等表速运动方程给出了稳态运动参数计算方法。计算结果表明,3种爬升方式均存在稳态爬升剖面,稳态运动参数与表速呈一一对应关系。     

叶片前缘喷气对大转角涡轮平面叶栅气动性能的影响

对具有前缘逆主流不同位置喷射冷气的大转折角气冷涡轮直叶栅进行了详细的流道内部测量。实验结果表明,冷气喷射改变了叶片型面静压分布规律;前缘不同位置喷气对流道内部通道涡和端壁附面层的影响差异较大;不同冷却方案导致损失增加的机理不同,损失增加量级也有所不同。     

Simulation on effect of throat contraction ratio and strake stagger angle on flow field and aerodynamic performance of scrampressor

The design methods of typical supersonic aircraft intakes and shock wave compression technology have been applied to ram-rotor, an attractive compression system. A ram-rotor is of a typical structure including the compression ramp, the throat and the subsonic diffuser; a scrampressor is similar to ram-rotor, the only difference is that scrampressor has no subsonic diffuser. The work was the continuation of the preparatory work. In order to further study the effect of throat contraction ratio and strake stagger angle on the flow field and performance of a scrampressor, the flow field of a scrampressor with a three-dimensional flow path was numerically simulated with different throat contraction ratios and strake stagger angles. Simulated results indicated that the optional aerodynamic performance of a scrampressor could be achieved with an adiabatic efficiency of 0.8413 a total pressure recovery coefficient of 0.8446, a total pressure ratio of 7.14 and a static pressure ratio of 5.17 for a throat contraction ratio of 0.6 and a strake stagger angle of 12°. It was therefore concluded that an appropriate decrease in throat contraction ratio and an increase in strake stagger angle could help the comprehensive improvement of a scrampressor in performance.      

迎角／滚转角组合风洞试验中侧向弹性角的影响及处理方法

通过迎角／滚转角组合改变模型姿态是横向测力风洞试验中重要的试验方式,此类试验中虽然会提供侧向弹性角数据,但在使用试验数据时往往不使用侧向弹性角数据,这会使得气动载荷与模型姿态对应关系不准确。侧向弹性角由侧向力和偏航力矩引起,在侧向力和偏航力矩较大的试验中,侧向弹性角的影响尤为显著,如方向舵效率试验。本文通过分析侧向弹性角的影响,提出一种侧向弹性角数据处理方法,经试验应用表明可以有效地提高数据使用的准确性。     

Methodology of construction and models of informative signals for a stationary miltichannel flow aerometric receiver of the helicopter air data system

Methodology of constructing a stationary multichannel flow aerometric receiver using the effects of deceleration and throttling of an incoming airflow and their circular transformation in the yaw plane is considered. The mathematical models and algorithms for processing primary informative signals entering along the channels of speed, altitude, angles of attack and slip of the helicopter air data system constructed on the basis of the aerometric receiver being proposed are obtained.     

航空发动机数控系统中LVDT传感器信号处理及在线故障检测

通过对线位移差动变压器(LVDT)信号处理电路的深刻研究, 给出了芯片发热、温漂、信号精度等问题的一般解决方法, 提出了一种通过软、硬件结合, 在不增加外围器件的情况下对LVDT传感器进行在线故障检测的定值判断法.发动机台架试验结果表明, 所提出的方法是行之有效的.      

Experimental research in aerodynamic control with electric and electromagnetic fields

Fifty years ago, publications began to discuss the possibilities of electromagnetic flow control (EMFC) to improve aerodynamic performance. This led to an era of research that focused on coupling the fundamentals of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) with propulsion, control, and power generation systems. Unfortunately, very few designs made it past an exploratory phase as, among other issues, power consumption was unreasonably high. Recent proposed advancements in technology like the MARIAH hypersonic wind tunnel and the AJAX scramjet engine concepts have led to a new phase of MHD research in the aerospace industry, with many interdisciplinary applications. Compared with propulsion systems and channel flow accelerators, EMFC concepts applied to control surface aerodynamics have not seen the same level of advancement that may eventually produce a device that can be integrated with an aircraft or missile. The purpose of this paper is to review the overall feasibility of the different electric and EMFC concepts. Emphasis is placed on EMFC with high voltage ionization sources and experimental work.     

带有气动及结构非线性的二元机翼颤振分析

研究了翼型在低马赫数条件下的非定常气动特性,从翼型表面气流运动的角度对Leishman-Beddoes(L-B)模型进行了修正,并在此基础上建立了适合低马赫数颤振研究且带有气动及结构非线性的二元机翼气弹系统分析模型.对比低马赫数翼型气动载荷试验结果表明对L-B模型的修正是有效的,且机翼颤振试验结果亦验证了二元机翼气弹分析模型.研究结果表明:二元机翼气弹系统的失速颤振与初始变距角和来流速度密切相关,且耦合的三次非线性变距和浮沉刚度是造成系统呈现准周期运动的主要原因.      

The flutter of an airfoil with cubic structural and aerodynamic non-linearities

The flutter of a two-dimensional airfoil in a supersonic flow field, with cubic structural and aerodynamic non-linearities, is investigated using an efficient algorithm of normal form, which combines the normal form theory and the center manifold theory together. First, the stability of the linearized system is analyzed in the neighborhood of an equilibrium point, which shows that the flutter instability is resulted by the Hopf bifurcation. Then the normal form of Hopf bifurcation is deduced by applying the symbolic procedure of the new normal form algorithm to the perturbation equations. Analyzing the obtained coefficients of normal form shows that for a given system, the Hopf bifurcation can change from super-critical type to sub-critical type, consequently the flutter instability changes from “benign” type to “catastrophic” type, as the flight Mach number increases. Numerical simulations verify the dependence of response on initial conditions. Finally, the effects of the structural and aerodynamic parameters on the character of flutter instability are analyzed.     

A new SINS/GPS sensor fusion scheme for UAV localization problem using nonlinear SVSF with covariance derivation and an adaptive boundary layer

The state estimation strategy using the smooth variable structure filter(SVSF) is based on the variable structure and sliding mode concepts. As presented in its standard form with a fixed boundary layer limit, the value of the boundary layer width is not precisely known at each step and may be selected based on a priori knowledge. The boundary layer width reflects the level of uncertainty in the model parameters and disturbance characteristics, where large values of the boundary layer width lead to robustness without optimality and small values of the boundary layer width provide optimality with poor robustness. As a solution and to overcome these limitations, an adaptive smoothing boundary layer is required to achieve greater robustness and suitable accuracy.This adapted value of the boundary layer width is obtained by minimizing the trace of the a posteriori covariance matrix. In this paper, the proposed new approach will be considered as another alternative to the extended Kalman filters(EKF), nonlinear H1 and standard SVSF-based data fusion techniques for the autonomous airborne navigation and self-localization problem. This alternative is based on strapdown inertial navigation system(SINS) and GPS data using the nonlinear SVSF with a covariance derivation and adaptive boundary layer width.Furthermore, the full mathematical model of the SINS/GPS navigation system considering the unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) position, velocity and Euler angle as well as gyro and accelerometer biases will be used in this paper to estimate the airborne position and velocity with better accuracy.