An Overview of the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS)

The Lunar Crater Observation Sensing Satellite (LCROSS), an accompanying payload to the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) mission (Vondrak et al. 2010), was launched with LRO on 18 June 2009. The principle goal of the LCROSS mission was to shed light on the nature of the materials contained within permanently shadowed lunar craters. These Permanently Shadowed Regions (PSRs) are of considerable interest due to the very low temperatures, <120?K, found within the shadowed regions (Paige et al. 2010a, 2010b) and the possibility of accumulated, cold-trapped volatiles contained therein. Two previous lunar missions, Clementine and Lunar Prospector, have made measurements that indicate the possibility of water ice associated with these PSRs. LCROSS used the spent LRO Earth-lunar transfer rocket stage, an Atlas V Centaur upper stage, as a kinetic impactor, impacting a PSR on 9 October 2009 and throwing ejecta up into sunlight where it was observed. This impactor was guided to its target by a Shepherding Spacecraft (SSC) which also contained a number of instruments that observed the lunar impact. A?campaign of terrestrial ground, Earth orbital and lunar orbital assets were also coordinated to observe the impact and subsequent crater and ejecta blanket. After observing the Centaur impact, the SSC became an impactor itself. The principal measurement goals of the LCROSS mission were to establish the form and concentration of the hydrogen-bearing material observed by Lunar Prospector, characterization of regolith within a PSR (including composition and physical properties), and the characterization of the perturbation to the lunar exosphere caused by the impact itself.     

Locating Current Sheets in the Solar Corona

Current sheets are essential for energy dissipation in the solar corona, in particular by enabling magnetic reconnection. Unfortunately, sufficiently thin current sheets cannot be resolved observationally and the theory of their formation is an unresolved issue as well. We consider two predictors of coronal current concentrations, both based on geometrical or even topological properties of a force-free coronal magnetic field. First, there are separatrices related to magnetic nulls. Through separatrices the magnetic connectivity changes discontinuously. Coronal magnetic nulls are, however, very rare. Second, inspired by the concept of generalized magnetic reconnection without nulls, quasi-separatrix layers (QSL) were suggested. Through QSL the magnetic connectivity changes continuously, though strongly. The strength of the connectivity change can be quantified by measuring the squashing of the flux tubes which connect the magnetically conjugated photospheres. We verify the QSL and separatrix concepts by comparing the sites of magnetic nulls and enhanced squashing with the location of current concentrations in the corona. Due to the known difficulties of their direct observation, we simulated coronal current sheets by numerically calculating the response of the corona to energy input from the photosphere, heating a simultaneously observed Extreme Ultraviolet Bright Point. We did not find coronal current sheets at separatrices but at several QSL locations. The reason is that, although the geometrical properties of force-free extrapolated magnetic fields can indeed hint at possible current concentrations, a necessary condition for current sheet formation is the local energy input into the corona.     

典型载人航天器密封舱结构空间碎片高速撞击声发射定位技术研究

空间站等大型载人航天器因体积大、在轨时间长容易受到空间碎片撞击,作为应对措施,人们提出利用空间碎片在轨感知系统实时监测撞击事件,撞击点定位是在轨感知系统的基本任务之一。为此,本文首先测量了加筋板内s0波波速,根据波速变化规律提出名义波速的概念,在此基础上将虚拟波阵面法推广用于载人密封舱结构,实现对空间碎片撞击事件的精确定位。最后,分别进行了碎片云高速撞击周期性加筋板和空间站小柱段舱壁枪击定位试验,试验结果表明:可将密封舱内声发射信号传播速度视为定值即"名义波速",在此基础上虚拟波阵面法可推广用于密封舱结构。     

基于位移场的裂纹尖端识别算法

提出一种基于位移场的裂纹尖端识别算法。首先建立了与裂尖位置有关的目标函数,将裂尖识别问题转化为求解最小值的优化问题;然后在位移场范围内假设裂尖位置,将非线性优化问题转变为线性问题,在给出裂尖的初始假设位置后,通过该裂尖识别算法迭代分析,最终获得裂纹尖端的准确位置。仿真测试表明,该算法6s内通过4步迭代分析就可以得到Ⅰ型裂纹区域的位移场和Ⅰ-Ⅱ混合型裂纹区域的位移场准确的裂尖位置,该方法为裂纹测量技术提供了技术支持,有极大的应用价值。      

激光告警多目标定位与跟踪技术研究

研究了激光告警多目标定位和跟踪的建模方法。利用聚类概念,对激光告警器测量数据进行集类,并对各个类对应的目标状态进行空间-时间融合。通过求解航迹信息融合的状态估计值,实时形成同步脉冲控制逻辑,从而实现对激光多目标的实时跟踪和激光信号的实时提取。给出了激光告警多目标定位与跟踪的设计过程,提出了一种实用简便的融合算法,并设计了一套该模型的原理样机。试验结果验证了这种方法的有效性。     

Q400中机身外部接头与长桁定位浅析

为了克服Q400中机身外部接头和长桁在定位过程中遇到的问题与难点,对其定位方式进行了调整和修改,并用CATIA建模和约束给出了相应的解决方案。外部接头由夹具定位修改为划线定位,简化了外部接头的定位方案,尤其适用于强度一般难以安装大定位器的小型架夹具;首次使用分段定位法和滑动卡钩定位法定位中机身长桁,解决了整体长桁定位器...     

Locating forward opportune landing sites using spectral images fromsatellites

The ability of future combat airlifters to deliver cargo into short, austere opportune landing sites which are very close to operating field units is expected to greatly improve the effectiveness of the US warfighter. But how do we find and select those sites in a quickly-changing battle scenario? The use of spectral image data from satellites such as EarthWatch as the medium for identifying opportune landing sites is the concept of interest and is described. A study was performed to explore the feasibility and data requirements for this concept. The study's objectives were two-fold: (1) evaluate and demonstrate airlifter value; and (2) evaluate and demonstrate opportune landing site selection concept feasibility. Spectral data was collected in several image resolutions for selected areas within the US. Potential opportune landing sites were selected across large areas and the selection was refined based on higher resolution spectral images. Site surveys were used to grade the accuracy of selection. The number of opportune landing sites (as short as 600 feet) relative to traditional runway lengths was determined and compared     

X 射线照相缺陷定位方法分析与验证

相对于公式法,双标记法解决了焦距和焦点位移测量误差所带来的问题.但此方法在射线检测领域普及程度并不高,其中原因,首先是原理较复杂,针对性研究少,其次是测量精度没有被量化,可信度不高.本文从公式法入手,通过对原理公式的变化分析和线性化分析,明晰了双标记法缺陷深度定位原理,推导了缺陷深度定位公式,利用简化模型,对双标记法的定位精度做了进一步的分析与计算,最后针对具体被检测物,测试验证了双标记法的计算公式和测量精度,用理论和实践证明了方法和精度的可靠性.     

变化姿态角下的相位变化率无源定位方法研究

无源定位技术有着广阔的应用前景。在现有单站无源定位方法的基础上 ,介绍了相位变化率定位法。该方法利用观测平台上两个相互正交的相位干涉仪接收目标辐射电磁波的相位获取目标的方向信息 ,利用对应的相位变化率获取目标的径向距离信息 ,从而实现对目标的实时高精度定位。提出了在空中观测平台发生飞行姿态变化情况下的定位求解思路 ,即利用姿态变化条件下的测量数据直接求出目标在姿态变化前的原始载机坐标系中的位置。文中给出了这一思路下相应的定位表达式并引入修正增益扩展卡尔曼 (MGEKF)算法对原始定位结果进行滤波处理。仿真结果表明 ,该方法是一种发展前途较好的单站无源定位方法     

机载单站无源定位系统中相位差变化率提取方法(英文)

相位差变化率含有目标辐射源的距离信息,是机载单站无源定位系统中的重要参数。本文以正弦单载波脉冲信号为例,分析了基于相位差变化率的单站无源定位原理,以及测量误差的组成。基于对Cramer-Rao下限的分析,提出了一种基于多次观测的相位差变化率的高精度测量方法——时间片处理法。在相位差变化率的测量中,当信噪比较低时,频域鉴相方法优于时域鉴相方法,多时间片处理能够显著地降低测量方差,仿真验证了此算法的正确性和有效性。典型的无源定位场景的仿真验证了算法对动态测量的适应性。此测量算法简单、计算量小,易于实现。     

飞机大部件对接柔性支撑定位装置的研究及应用

本文探讨柔性支撑定位装置在飞机大部件对接领域的应用,讨论了先进数字柔性定位工装发展的前景及现状,重点介绍了新技术应用于传统工装结构中发展起来的柔性支撑定位装置的设计技术、结构形式和应用方法。     

3M900AST在飞机电气系统线路故障诊断中的应用

900AST是3M公司针对航空公司和维修企业开发的手持电路检测设备,适合航线快速检修。     

复合材料超级伽玛负压定位床的研制

介绍了复合材料超级伽玛负压定位床的研制情况,及研制过程中出现的一些技术关键的解决方法。     

某型空气发生器二级导向器组合定位销脱落故障排除

某型空气发生器进行定检工作时,发现二级导向器组合定位销孔穿透裂纹、定位销脱落故障,本文对故障原因进行分析,并探讨了故障排除方法以及故障件修理注意事项。     

雷达辅助光电系统间歇测距目标定位技术

针对光电系统单站无源定位的可观测性、定位精度差等问题,提出了利用雷达辅助光电系统间歇测距的目标定位方式,克服了单站无源定位的目标可观测型问题并提高了目标的定位精度,最大限度地降低了雷达"暴露"的风险,实现了光电系统与雷达的优势互补,提高了系统的综合作战效能。     

冲击体质量和冲击高度对里氏硬度测量值影响的分析

利用正交试验的方法分析了冲击体质量和冲击高度对里氏硬度测量值的影响,同时给出了一个两因素水平的可允许变动范围.     

无人机电视制导中彩色图像序列光流场的检测与定位

介绍了一种无人机电视制导过程中获得的彩色图像序列光流场检测与定位技术，旨在利用特征点相关法进行匹配，同时给出了具体的匹配策略和试验结果。     

Impact and the design of the human-machine interface

In this paper, we consider the concept of the impact of an action or human error. We begin from an informal definition of impact as: the effect that an action or sequence of actions has on the safe and successful operation of a system; and develop a quantitative measure of the impact of specified behaviours. It is important that human-machine interface designers should understand the relationship between operator actions and the hazards associated with a system. We demonstrate how impact can be assessed prior to, or in parallel with, the design of the human-machine interface, and show how impact assessments could be used to allow risk analysts to inform designers about the relationship between operator actions and system hazards. To illustrate our approach we present a simple case study,     

基于虚拟领弹的攻击时间和攻击角度控制

构造一枚虚拟领弹按指定的攻击时间和攻击角度以直线飞向目标。实际导弹通过机动以"等待"虚拟领弹的到来,导弹与虚拟领弹相遇后随其一起飞向目标,从而实现导弹的攻击时间和攻击角度控制。对于这种导弹对虚拟领弹的轨迹跟踪问题,建立了控制设计模型并采用了分阶段控制设计方法。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。