Electronic device for the blind

Electronic devices are a help for the blind. Some electronic devices push video signals directly to the brain but the device presented in this paper uses a sensitive and ready sensorial system: the auditory system. This article presents a low cost electronic device that enables the blind to distinguish the color and distance of objects. The project was first published in the UK and that system with the intensity of musical notes proportional to the brightness has proven to be annoying as the musical notes sound uninterrupted. In order to solve this problem, a new system for brightness perception was designed so a brief musical note is sounded when the sensor detects an increase of brightness and another brief musical note, one octave below, is sounded when the sensor detects a decrease in brightness     

武装直升机瞄准线粗/精组合二级稳定技术

提出并采用一种粗/精组合二级稳定的新方案,用于对武装直升机多传感器光电综合制导系统瞄准线（LOS）及图象进行高精度稳定与跟踪。该技术的重要特征是采用挠性支承精稳反射镜组件以及粗/精多回路复合控制技术以获得高回路带宽和对扰动的大幅度衰减。用一个双自由度陀螺进行稳定及跟踪,有效地解决了粗/精通道的匹配与耦合。与传统的LOS稳定系统相比较,稳定精度提高近一个数量级。根据某型直升机振动频谱进行定频振动测试,目前的原理样机在35kg稳定负载下其稳定精度优于14微弧（RMS）,粗、精振幅衰减比大于8倍。     

天文-惯性组合式导航系统及星体跟踪器研制

 纯惯性导航或多普勒导航的一个共同缺点是:一般都具有随时问或距离增长的位置误差,这就需要有一个外基准系统。为了满足现代飞行器导航所要求的高精度和可靠性,组合式导航已成为近代导航系统发展的一种趋势。文中提供的天文-惯性组合系统,在物理意义上是一种较为合理的和比较精确的组合形式,在现代各类飞行器上有着重要的特珠用途。天文导航中的星体跟踪器是这种组合形式获得量测信息的主要设备。本文总结了国内第一台自行设计的自动星体跟踪器的研究设计方法和解决主要技术关键的措施,列出了有关公式。试验结果证明设计是合理的,达到了夜间地面能跟踪二等以上星体,白昼一定亮度背景条件下能跟踪亮星的预定性能指标。     

机载显示器亮度自适应调节算法研究

合适的亮度能够帮助驾驶员更加准确有效地获取机载显示器上的信息。为了使显示器亮度能够适应各种环境光照度，提出了基于韦伯-费希纳定律的步进式亮度调节算法，将显示器亮度与环境光照度的对数成正比，同时根据人眼能识别的最小相对亮度变化量将显示器亮度进行分级，以人眼明暗适应的不同要求调整步进大小，使显示器亮度能够在环境光照度变化时自动而柔和的调节。为了满足不同驾驶员的个性化要求，还考虑了手动调节介入的影响，使自动亮度调节曲线能够实时更新，达到自适应的调节效果。     

航空发动机叶片高频模态阻尼的实验测试方法

以NASA Rotor37叶片为对象,研究了航空发动机叶片的高频模态阻尼比的实验测试方法.实验分析和数值计算均说明:在随机声激励下获得频响曲线将包含由支撑结构振动造成的峰值.基于此提出在支撑结构上布置多个传感器的实验方案,并以支撑结构的振动峰值位置和能量相对大小来判定叶片振动主导的振动峰值.用小波阈值收缩法和曲线拟合法对这些振动峰值进行了降噪和模态阻尼比识别,给出了实测模型在10kHz内“叶片主导振动”的模态阻尼比.结果表明:一般的结构金属材料条件下,叶片结构的高频模态阻尼比的数量级小于1%,且随频率增加呈下降趋势.      

Resonant Scattering of X-ray Emission Lines in the Hot Intergalactic Medium

While very often a hot intergalactic medium (IGM) is optically thin to continuum radiation, the optical depth in resonant lines can be of order unity or larger. Resonant scattering in the brightest X-ray emission lines can cause distortions in the surface brightness distribution, spurious variations in the abundance of heavy elements, changes in line spectral shapes and even polarization of line emission. The magnitude of these effects not only depends on the density, temperature and ionization state of the gas, but is also sensitive to the characteristics of the gas velocity field. This opens a possibility to use resonant scattering as a convenient and powerful tool to study IGM properties. We discuss the application of these effects to galaxy clusters.     

Simulative technology for auxiliary fuel tank separation in a wind tunnel

In this paper,we propose a simulative experimental system in wind tunnel conditions for the separation of auxiliary fuel tanks from an aircraft.The experimental system consists of a simulative release mechanism,a scaled model and a pose measuring system.A new release mechanism was designed to ensure stability of the separation.Scaled models of the auxiliary fuel tank were designed and their moment of inertia was adjusted by installing counterweights inside the model.Pose parameters of the scaled model were measured and calculated by a binocular vision system.Additionally,in order to achieve high brightness and high signal-to-noise ratio of the images in the dark enclosed wind tunnel,a new high-speed image acquisition method based on miniature self-emitting units was presented.Accuracy of the pose measurement system and repeatability of the separation mechanism were verified in the laboratory.Results show that the position precision of the pose measurement system can reach 0.1 mm,the precision of the pitch and yaw angles is less than 0.1° and that of the roll angle can be up to 0.3°.Besides,repeatability errors of models' velocity and angular velocity controlled by the release mechanism remain small,satisfying the measurement requirements.Finally,experiments for the separation of auxiliary fuel tanks were conducted in the laboratory.     

A grid algorithm for autonomous star identification

An autonomous star identification algorithm is described that is simple and requires less computer resources than other such algorithms. In simulations using an 8/spl times/8 degree field of view (FOV), the algorithm identifies the correct section of sky on 99.7% of the sensor orientations where spatial accuracy of the imaged star is 1 pixel (56.25 arc seconds) in standard deviation and the apparent brightness deviates by 0.4 units stellar magnitude. This compares very favorably with other algorithms in the literature.     

Interstellar grains in the solar system: Requirements for an analysis

We discuss present knowledge about interstellar dust grains in the heliosphere in order to give goals for future investigations. As far as the identification of the interstellar flux from brightness observations is concerned we calculate the influence of interstellar dust entering the solar system on the Zodiacal light and Zodiacal emission brightness. In case of the Zodiacal light produced by the scattering of solar radiation, the brightness from interstellar dust within the solar system is not detectable within the limits of present observations. In the case of the thermal emission a distinction of the brightness from the interstellar dust component may be possible. This would be especially interesting for an analysis of the overall spatial distribution of the interstellar flux in the solar system. As far as the identification of the interstellar flux from impact experiments is concerned, parameters like the impact direction are essential. Since the interstellar dust flux is modified in the outer solar system already, it is helpful to probe its variation with increasing distance from the Sun in interstellar upstream direction.     

白天大气层内星敏感器观星能力分析

利用星敏感器进行白天大气层内观星,首先要解决的问题是强天空背景的干扰。通过对白天天空背景和不同光谱恒星的特点进行分析,提出了光谱滤波和偏振成像加形态学滤波和多帧图像累加的技术路线,综合利用光学方法和图像处理方法提高观测对比度和信噪比。给出了白天观星的信噪比模型,并在不同天空背景偏振度条件下,得出了G、K、M光谱恒星的0至5等星的单帧图像信噪比和对应的使CCD(Charge Coupled Device,电荷耦合器件)接近饱和的极限曝光时间。结果表明:星等值越低,天空背景偏振度越大,则信噪比越高;同等条件下,信噪比由小到大依次为G、K、M光谱恒星;而对于低信噪比的图像,通过多帧累加后可满足观测的要求。     

新型压电激励器作用力模拟技术研究

研究轻型结构、直升机旋翼结构和复合材料结构等的颤振飞行试验激励问题具有重要意义。提出以弯矩模拟压电粗纤维复合材料(MFC)激励器的作用力,从而解决MFC仿真建模问题。首先借助机翼有限元模型,建立带有压电激励器的机翼结构动力学仿真模型;然后以压电激励器地面激励试验结果为基础,通过修正仿真模型中压电作用弯矩的大小,实现仿真试验结果与地面试验结果的拟合,最终得出非线性压电激励器作用力;最后通过另一组地面试验数据验证了该作用力的大小,并将该作用力模拟技术应用于不同试验中。本文的研究结果可为后续以该激励器作为激励作动器或控制作动器的试验提供有益参考。     

低量程高精度应变式压力传感器研制

为了提高低量程应变式压力传感器的精度,将测力轮毂应变梁与带中央硬芯的测压膜片相结合,构成了新颖的梁膜一体的弹性元件。通过有限元方法对弹性元件的结构参数进行匹配,找到了最佳参数值,并制作实物加以验证,表明所选参数是适当的,使传感器的精度得到了大幅度提高,满足了低量程压力范围内高精度测量的要求。同时该传感器具有结构简单、易于加工装配、成本低廉的特点,符合传感器技术发展的需要。     

细长旋成体大迎角绕流的背涡结构与压力脉动特性

在亚临界流动范围内,通过尖拱细长旋成体在无侧滑状态下的脉动压力测量,对大迎角下细长旋成体非对称背涡结构沿轴向的压力脉动特征进行了研究分析,揭示了压力的脉动幅度与频率沿旋成体轴向的变化规律及其与背涡结构之间的对应关系,并对压力脉动特征沿轴变化的原因进行了初步探讨.     

高体积分数SiCp/Al复合材料高温压缩界面研究

采用无压浸渗制备出高体积分数SiCp/Al多功能复合材料。对该复合材料进行了高温(高于基体熔点)压缩实验。利用XRD和TEM观察了SiCp/Al复合材料的界面结构,分析了高温压缩对复合材料界面的影响,研究了复合材料的复合机理。结果表明:高温压缩后的SiCp/Al复合材料的界面过渡层连续且厚度均匀,过渡层宽度减小了一个数量级;复合材料SiCp/Al界面结合机制包括扩散、位向和反应结合机制,复合材料SiCp/Al界面的这些结合机制,导致了增强相与基体之间很强的界面结合;复合材料的断裂方式为颗粒断裂,SiC增强颗粒与Al基体结合良好。     

Soho Observations of Density Fluctuations in Coronal Holes

In recent UVCS/SOHO White Light Channel (WLC) observations we found quasi-periodic variations in the polarized brightness (pB) in the polar coronal holes at heliocentric distances of 1.9 to 2.45 solar radii. The motivation for the observation is the 2.5D MHD model of solar wind acceleration by nonlinear waves, that predicts compressive fluctuations in coronal holes. In February 1998 we performed new observations using the UVCS/WLC in the coronal hole and obtained additional data. The new data corroborate our earlier findings with higher statistical significance. The new longer observations show that the power spectrum peaks in the 10–12 minute range. These timescales agree with EIT observations of brightness fluctuations in polar plumes. We performed preliminary LASCO/C2 observations in an effort to further establish the coronal origin of the fluctuations. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Pulsar radio emission

25 years after their discovery, pulsars still pose fundamental problems, in particular when the whole range of their periodsP is considered: 1.56 ms P0.09 s. This communication reviews my understanding of the pulsar magnetosphere, windzone, and (coherent) radio emission. New are details of the preferred magnetic structure, wind generation, and amplification of the emitted (pseudo) curvature radiation, the inferred brightness of which exceeds that of all other terrestrial and astrophysical sources by many orders of magnitude.     

一种模拟视频信号亮度对比度校准方法

本文针对模拟视频信号长距离传输后信号衰减和偏移的问题,提出一种软件自动校准的方法。通过分析源端发送的校准图样,调整视频AD芯片的增益和偏移参数,达到最佳的亮度和对比度校准效果。     

模拟存在运动激波流场的无网格自适应算法

将无网格自适应算法发展用于求解存在运动激波的非定常流动问题。为了降低初始布点要求,同时提高对运动激波的分辨率,提出了一种结合点云加密和点云粗化的动态点云技术。采用该技术,在非定常计算的每一个时间步,首先通过基于压强梯度的流场探针识别出激波所在位置,然后对激波附近点云进行加密,从而提高对激波的分辨率,同时对远离激波的点云进行粗化,尽可能减少冗余节点,提高计算效率。采用所提出的无网格自适应算法求解了N-S方程,首先对一维运动激波问题进行了数值模拟,通过将数值模拟结果与精确解比较,验证了所提算法求解存在运动激波的非定常流动的可行性,在此基础上,将方法推广用于二维非定常流动问题的求解,分别对瞬时激波碰撞圆柱以及双弧翼型激波振荡流动进行了数值模拟,计算结果表明,方法可以显著提高对激波的分辨率,同时相对于直接采用较密布点的非自适应算法,自适应算法在计算效率上具有优势。     

高压液体火箭发动机新结构密封

为提高高压液体火箭发动机上密封的工作可靠性,对高压密封的设计结构进行了系统的研究。根据高压密封可靠工作的条件,提出了新结构密封应采用自紧式设计结构的指导思想,并设计了多种新的密封结构。通过对比试验筛选,研制了１２种新的密封设计结构。试验证明：新结构密封工作可靠,性能良好。并已在各型号的发动机上广泛地推广应用。     

TA15粉末冶金产品热等静压成形工艺过程的数值模拟

针对高品质粉末冶金新产品的研发,为了减少其研发周期、降低试验成本,采用Marc模拟软件,对轴承座产品的热等静压近净成形过程进行了有限元数值模拟。结果表明:经工艺成形后,产品几何外形尺寸变化较大,相对密度整体达到0.98,局部尖端位置相对密度仅为0.85,对此提出了改进包套结构和芯模结构形式、局部增加装粉量等方案,提高局部位置致密度,保证产品整体质量,为产品的实际生产提供了理论指导作用。