Aerodynamic scaling to free flight conditions: Past and present

This report summarizes some of the problems when wind tunnel data should be scaled to free flight conditions. The main challenges in performing this extrapolation is how model support, wall interference, aeroelastic effects and a potentially lower Reynolds number in the wind tunnel should be corrected. A historical review of scale effects is presented showing wind tunnel to flight discrepancies of different types of aircraft configurations. An overview of scaling methodologies and Reynolds number effects are presented and discussed. Some modern approaches where computational fluid dynamics (CFD) are used, together with wind tunnel testing, in order to identify scaling phenomena are presented as well.     

多体全自由飞过程的数值模拟

以三维非结构粘性直角网格重构为构架,数值求解了固定空间网格瞬间运动边界的N-S方程,逼近了流场的非定常过程,结合六自由度的弹道方程,对单体或多体运动过程进行了全自由飞数值模拟,数值模拟结果和级间分离的风洞自由飞试验进行了对比,初步的计算结果说明,全自由飞数值模拟在一定程度上可以描述风洞试验的飞行轨迹,并且适应能力更强,整个全自由飞数值模拟系统可以为更复杂的单体机动飞行或多体运动过程提供快速实用的数值模拟方法.     

Aging avionics: the problems and the challenges

Aging avionics have become a problem because aircraft are being kept in service far longer than the original plan. This paper discusses the four key problems of aging avionics: (1) determining the systems that are the high cost drivers in order to select those that should receive priority; (2) determining the requirements for the replacement; (3) identifying alternative technologies that will satisfy the requirements and are affordable; and (4) determining the funding required and acquiring the funding needed to replace the aging avionics. Challenges encountered in solving these problems include management and technical. The problem of aging avionics is not limited to a single aircraft, but occurs across all aircraft. Cost-effective modernization requires cutting horizontally across all aging aircraft, and coordination with the end users and the existing management structure. A key technical challenge is to select an architecture that is upgradeable since the funding limitations may ensure parts will become obsolete prior to the completion of a drawn-out production.     

The critics return to flight

A former astronaut justifies human space exploration and provides a rebuttal to criticism of continued exploration. The discussion includes examples of skeptics' arguments and examples of NASA achievements that have had direct economic and social impacts on the United States.     

机械故障对航班飞行的影响

旅客临上飞机或上了飞机后飞机出现故障不得不下飞机等待,有时候飞机起飞后才被告知飞机出现故障不得小返航或就近降落,碰到这些情况,旅客除了要忍受航班延误带来的不便,心里还会犯嘀咕,对安全担心,这些都是可以理解的。旅客关心的是故障修复到底要多长时间,再次上飞机更关心的是飞机故障彻底排除了吗?这里简要介绍飞机的日常维护和故障后维修的一般程序。     

PAVE PACE: system avionics for the 21st century

The PAVE PACE Initiative has been established to validate system avionics concepts for advanced military aircraft. The author presents the rationale of why the advanced architecture established by the PAVE PILLAR program should be continued under PAVE PACE to achieve: practical and affordable airborne versions of modular parallel processing network architectures for many applications currently beyond real-time implementation, readily available avionics for use in all avionics and, greatly improved techniques to reduce the cost of software development and support. An approach to the overall design structure for future avionics is also presented that entails: the use of CAD (computer-aided design) tools to assist in the development of system, hardware and software requirements, the use of replicated hardware modules (some at the wafer level), the use of reuseable software modules and the use of CAD tools to tailor hardware/software modules for specific application requirements. Continued use of the PAVE PILLAR high-speed data bus and operating system is recommended as the means to integrate and control the data input and output of physically and functionally separate parallel networks     

关于航班正常统计办法的思考——中外航班正常统计之比较

航班正常统计工作是民航一项基础性工作,其主要目的是全面、及时、准确地反映航班运行情况,为各部门制定发展规划和政策法规提供重要参考依据。可以说,统计工作质量的高低一定程度上影响着政策制定及问题矛盾的解决。2010年2月,民航局开展了保障航班正常和大面积航班延误后应急处置专项整治工作。为确保活动取得实效,民航局制定了九条具体措施,其中第一条措施就是"完善航班正常统计标准,修改     

飞机小时航段比对维修工作的影响分析

通过对航空公司发动机大修、维修方案编制等方面的分析,阐述飞机飞行小时循环比(航段比)对维修工作的影响,并从维修角度给出合理控制机队航段比的建议。     

HUD——提升飞行安全的有力工具

一、HGS系统综述与工作原理HUD(Head-up Display),平视显示器,一种可以把飞行数据投射到驾驶员正前方的透明显示组件上的显示器,它可以使驾驶员保持平视获取飞行信息。平视显示着陆系统(HUDLS)是具备进近着陆引导能力的平视显示系统,它可在整个飞机进近、着陆或复飞阶段提供平视显示引导,其组成包括自     

The J-MASS Marketplace: a new way for DoD to do business

It is current DoD policy to use commercial off-the-shelf software whenever it meets DoD requirements. The application of this policy to modeling and simulation has resulted in the concept of “The Joint Modeling and Simulation System (J-MASS) Marketplace.” J-MASS is designed as an Open Systems Architecture with the capability for the Simulation Support Environment (SSE) to be expanded by the addition of site specific software. In the “J-MASS Marketplace” industry will build commercial tools to work with J-MASS and individual organizations will license what they need for their particular site. The J-MASS SSE is a framework or backplane into which everything else plugs. A J-MASS product release would have the core capabilities, but the unique needs of various organizations would be satisfied by industry. This paper addresses how the J-MASS Marketplace could work and how compliance can be defined. It will outline opportunities for industry in both building software for the Marketplace and in defining the Marketplace concept     

尾桨倾斜对直升机飞行性能的影响

自从20世纪70年代美国西科斯基公司在黑鹰上成功采用倾斜尾桨构型方案后,30多年来,先后又有CH53E、S92、AB139等多种大、中型运输直升机采用倾斜尾桨构型,本文主要分析尾桨倾斜对直升机飞行性能的影响,并以某样例直升机为例进行了两种尾桨构型方案飞行性能的对比计算,同时也对倾斜尾桨和常规尾桨设计方案的优缺点进行了讨论.     

The flying object: a flight data management concept

The drive for greater cost-effectiveness and improved safety/security in an environment of increasing air movements calls for improved availability of accurate and consistent flight data to stakeholder systems. Studies conducted by EUROCONTROL in 2001-2003 indicate significant levels of inconsistency between flight data available to aircraft operators, air traffic control (ATC), air traffic flow management (ATFM), airports and military systems, causing unnecessary workload, inefficient use of resources, and unnecessary delays. Eurocontrol's new flight data interoperability concept is intended to resolve this problem. Having passed through the initial feasibility phase, this concept is now entering the development phase, in which it will become the basis for the development of a draft interoperability standard to be used in Europe for the specifications of new flight data processing systems deployed from 2007 onwards, and potentially to be proposed to the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) for global standardisation.     

飞行疲劳的成因及应对措施

飞行安全是各航空公司运行的重要基础。伴随着现代科学技术的进步,航空器在设计、制造、维护等方面取得了长足发展,飞机的可靠性和安全性有了显著的提高。近年来,飞行事故总体呈下降趋势,但人为因素导致的飞行事故的比例却居高不下。根据国际民航组织的统计,机组人为因素已经占到飞行事故的75%左右(如图1所示)。     

直升机尾桨故障及其试飞研究

介绍了直升机尾桨故障类型及其处理方法和试飞方法。探讨了发动机功率、空速、飞行高度等因素对尾故障试飞的影响。在实际试飞的基础上，给出了正确处理尾桨故障的基本方法，为直升机飞行员在飞行时遇到类似故障后的处理及有关研究人员提供了重要的参考。     

Digital Electronic Flight Decks: The Outlook for Commercial Aviation

Digital avionics technology shows great promise in reducing overall airplane system cost. The new digital electronic components are very reliable and offer great flexibility in application. Development of modular control units, for the directional controls and engine throttles, will aid standardization and gradual refinement of such control devices. A network of multisystem digital data buses can be developed to handle the complex interchange of data between interrelated systems throughout the airplane.     

阻力方向舵在无尾飞机飞行控制中的应用

阻力方向舵在无尾飞机上得到广泛的应用。以一种无尾飞机为例,讨论了阻力方向舵舵效的非线性、耦合性等基本特性,并说明了阻力方向舵张开后对飞机整体的影响。给出了阻力方向舵在无尾飞机航向增稳、空速控制、作为复合舵使用三个方面的应用实例和仿真结果,说明了阻力方向舵在无尾飞机飞行控制应用中存在的一些问题及其解决方法。