欧洲航天局管理模式和政策分析

欧洲航天局（ESA）是泛欧洲的民用航天管理机构,由21个成员国（其中包括德国、法国、意大利、英国、西班牙、比利时、瑞士、瑞典、挪威、荷兰、奥地利、丹麦、芬兰、葡萄牙、爱尔兰、卢森堡、捷克、希腊、罗马尼亚、波兰在内的20个欧洲国家和作为准成员国的加拿大）组成的政府间组织。     

2015年全球十大航天新闻中国十大航天新闻评选揭晓

2016年1月18日,由《国际太空》、《卫星应用》杂志联合发起组织的2015年全球十大航天新闻和中国十大航天新闻评选揭晓。本次评选得到了龙乐豪、余梦伦、刘竹生、王希季、戚发轫、叶培建、范本尧、吴伟仁等院士及其他数十位著名航天专家的大力支持和参与。来自《人民日报》、新华社、《光明日报》、中央人民广播电台、中国国际广播电台、《中国日报》、《科技日报》、《中国青年报》、中新社、《香港文汇报》、《环球时报》、《中国科学报》、《法制晚报》、《太空探索》、中国网、人民网、新浪网、腾讯网、环球网、中国太空网、北斗网、航天期刊网等媒体的资深记者参加了新闻发布会。发布会还得到中国宇航学会、中国空间科学学会、中国通信学会、中国卫星应用产业协会、中国卫星全球服务联盟等的支持。     

第十一届(2015)中国电推进技术学术研讨会成功举办

<正>2015年10月9日-10月11日,第十一届(2015)中国电推进技术学术研讨会在北京召开。张履谦院士、戚发轫院士、郭东明院士,以及北京航空航天大学、北京理工大学、哈尔滨工业大学、哈尔滨工程大学、西北工业大学、中国科学院力学研究所、中科院电工研究所、北京卫星环境工程研究所、北京控制工程研究所、兰州空间技术物理研究所、航天东方红卫星有限公司、北京东方计量测试研究所、上海空间推进研究所、上海卫星工程研究所、西安航天微电子研究所、上海交通大学、大连理工大学、大连海事大学、国防科技大学、北京工业大学、《中国空间科学技术》和《国际太空》等20余家单位的160多名领导、专家、记者参会。     

警用装备展

展会背景 2006年5月24日上午，经中华人民共和国公安部、中华人民共和国科技部批准，由公安部装备财务局、公安部治安管理局和公安部第一研究所主办的第三届中国国际警用装备展正式开幕。来自中国、比利时、中国香港、丹麦、法国、德国、意大利、荷兰、俄罗斯、新加坡、斯洛伐克、瑞典、瑞士、英国、美国、白俄罗斯等国家和地区的厂商300余家参加了本届博览会，规模堪称亚太地区之最。     

联合国空间科学技术和应用讨论会在北京召开

<正> 一九八五年十月二十一日至二十九日,由联合国和中国政府共同组织的“联合国空间科学技术和应用讨论会”在北京举行。参加讨论会的有来自联合国、世界气象组织、国际电信联盟、欧洲空间局的代表,以及加拿大、捷克、法国、民主德国、联邦德国、印度、日本、马来西亚、尼日利亚、蒙古、菲律宾、波兰、泰国、美国、苏联和中国等国家代表共六十多人。     

《宇航计测技术》撰稿须知

一、征稿范围长度、热学、力学、无线电、时间频率、电磁学、电离辐射、化学和光学等计量标准的设计、研制和计量测试技术、仪器仪表的检定维修技术、误差分析及数据处理技术;石英晶体器件的设计和研制、电子技术应用、自动化测量、计量产品介绍     

《宇航计测技术》撰稿须知

正一、征稿范围无线电、时间频率、电磁学、电离辐射、化学和光学等计量标准的设计、研制和计量测试技术、仪器仪表的检定维修技术、误差分析及数据处理技术;石英晶体器件的设计和研制、电子技术应用、自动化测量、计量产品介绍、国内外计量信息、计量测试动态及发展趋势等。二、撰稿要求     

《宇航计测技术》征稿启事

征稿范围： 长度、热学、力学、无线电、时问频率、电磁、化学和光学等计量标准的设计、研制和计量测试技术、仪器仪表的检定维修技术、误差分析及数据处理技术;石英晶体器件的设计和研制、电子技术应用、自动化测量、计量基础、计量产品介绍、国内外计量信息、计量测试动态及发展趋势等。     

《宇航计测技术》撰稿须知

正一、征稿范围无线电、时间频率、电磁学、电离辐射、化学和光学等计量标准的设计、研制和计量测试技术、仪器仪表的检定维修技术、误差分析及数据处理技术;石英晶体器件的设计和研制、电子技术应用、自动化测量、计量产品介绍、国内外计量信息、计量测试动态及发展趋势等。二、撰稿要求1.文稿应论点明确、数据准确、文字简练、层次清楚,一般为6 000~8 000字。文稿请附中英文标题、摘     

《宇航计测技术》撰稿须知

正一、征稿范围无线电、时间频率、电磁学、电离辐射、化学和光学等计量标准的设计、研制和计量测试技术、仪器仪表的检定维修技术、误差分析及数据处理技术;石英晶体器件的设计和研制、电子技术应用、自动化测量、计量产品介绍、国内外计量信息、计量测试动态及发展趋势等。二、撰稿要求1.文稿应论点明确、数据准确、文字简练、层次清楚,一般为6000～8000字。文稿请附中英文标题、摘要、     

清镇陨石（EH3）中陨硫钙石的REE微量元素及成因意义

本文运用INAA分析了14个清镇陨石中陨硫钙石单矿物颗粒的难熔元素(La、Ce、Sm、Eu、Yb、Lu、Ca、Sc、Hf和Th),挥发性元素(Na、Cr、Zn、Se、Br等)和亲铁元素(Fe、Ni、Co、Ir、Au、As)含量。结果表明陨硫钙石高度富集难熔亲石元素,是顽火辉石陨石中REE的主要载体,携带了约80％的全岩REE总量。相对于HREE,LREE有更大的富集程度,而且早期凝聚的颗粒较晚期凝聚的颗粒更富集REE,同时陨硫钙石富集挥发性元素Se、Br等。清镇陨硫钙石的微量元素特征揭示了它来自于太阳星云的高温凝聚特征和成因。     

Comprehensive evaluation of Satellite-Based and reanalysis precipitation products over the Mediterranean region in Turkey

Precipitation is an important component of the hydrological and energy cycles, as well as a key input parameter for many applications in the fields of hydrology, climatology, meteorology, and weather forecasting research. As a result, estimating precipitation accurately is critical. The purpose of this research is to conduct a comprehensive and comparative evaluation of grid-based precipitation products over Turkey's Mediterranean region from 2017 to 2021 at monthly and grid scales, using data from 193 ground-based meteorological stations as a reference. PERCIANN CCS, PDIR-Now, GSMaP MVK, PERSIANN CDR, CHIRPS, IMERG v6, GSMaP Gauge, and ERA5 are the eight grid-based precipitation products. Several prospective were used to evaluate the products, including magnitude agreement with gauge stations for the entire region and the six hydrological sub-basins included in the region, performance in capturing various intensity categories, and elevation dependency. According to the evaluation results, PERCIANN CDR, CHIRPS, IMERG v6, GSMaP Gauge, and ERA5 performed well in all evaluation aspects, whereas PERCIANN CCS, PDIR-Now, and GSMaP MVK performed poorly in all metrics. The majority of the products underestimated heavy rainfall events, while all products performed better at low and moderate precipitation events. As a result, the products performed better in the summer and spring months (March to October) than in the winter months (December to February). Furthermore, the results showed that the performance of the majority of the products degraded for elevations greater than 1000 m. The evaluation suggests that PERSIANN CDR, CHIRPS, IMERG v6, GSMaP Gauge, and ERA5 can be used as good precipitation data sources and as a complement to ground-based meteorological stations in Turkey's Mediterranean region.     

Quality characteristics of the radish grown under reduced atmospheric pressure

This study addresses whether reduced atmospheric pressure (hypobaria) affects the quality traits of radish grown under such environments. Radish (Raphanus sativus L. cv. Cherry Bomb Hybrid II) plants were grown hydroponically in specially designed hypobaric plant growth chambers at three atmospheric pressures; 33, 66, and 96 kPa (control). Oxygen and carbon dioxide partial pressures were maintained constant at 21 and 0.12 kPa, respectively. Plants were harvested at 21 days after planting, with aerial shoots and swollen hypocotyls (edible portion of the radish referred to as the “root” hereafter) separated immediately upon removal from the chambers. Samples were subsequently evaluated for their sensory characteristics (color, taste, overall appearance, and texture), taste-determining factors (glucosinolate and soluble carbohydrate content and myrosinase activity), proximate nutrients (protein, dietary fiber, and carbohydrate) and potential health benefit attributes (antioxidant capacity). In roots of control plants, concentrations of glucosinolate, total soluble sugar, and nitrate, as well as myrosinase activity and total antioxidant capacity (measured as ORAC_FL), were 2.9, 20, 5.1, 9.4, and 1.9 times greater than the amount in leaves, respectively. There was no significant difference in total antioxidant capacity, sensory characteristics, carbohydrate composition, or proximate nutrient content among the three pressure treatments. However, glucosinolate content in the root and nitrate concentration in the leaf declined as the atmospheric pressure decreased, suggesting perturbation to some nitrogen-related metabolism.     

拉力试验机同轴度校准技术研究

从同轴度棒材料、试验载荷、校准方法、装配方式、加荷速率、机械偏心距等几个方面,对影响同轴度测量结果的因素进行分析,结果表明：同轴度的三种测量方法中,应变片法优于引伸计法优于几何法;各影响因素按影响程度由大到小依次为：机械偏心距、装配方式、同轴度棒材料、校准方法、加荷速率;同轴度随着机械偏心距的增加逐渐增大,随着试验载荷的增加逐渐减小,随着同轴度棒材料弹性模量的增加逐渐增大,随着加载荷速率的增加逐渐增大;装配方式对同轴度的影响按程度由大到小依次为：螺纹夹具、圆棒夹具、带万向结构的夹具。     

Bioaugmentation in growing plants for lunar bases

Microorganisms may be a key element in a precursory scenario of growing pioneer plants for extraterrestrial exploration. They can be used for plant inoculation to leach nutritional elements from regolith, to alleviate lunar stressors, as well as to decompose both lunar rocks and the plant straw in order to form a protosoil. Bioleaching capacities of both French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) and the associated bacteria in contact with a lunar rock simulant (terrestrial anorthosite) were examined using the model plant-bacteria microcosms under controlled conditions. Marigold accumulated K, Na, Fe, Zn, Ni, and Cr at higher concentrations in anorthosite compared to the podzol soil. Plants inoculated with the consortium of well-defined species of bacteria accumulated higher levels of K, Mg, and Mn, but lower levels of Ni, Cr, Zn, Na, Ca, Fe, which exist at higher levels in anorthosite. Bacteria also affected the Са/Mg and Fe/Mn ratios in the biomass of marigold grown on anorthosite. Despite their growth retardation, the inoculated plants had 15% higher weight on anorthosite than noninoculated plants. The data suggest that the bacteria supplied basic macro-and microelements to the model plant.     

A review of instruments and methods for dosimetry in space

Instruments and methods recently used for space radiation dosimetry are reviewed for the purposes of comparison and reference. Passive detection methods mentioned include track-etch, luminescent, nuclear emulsion, and metal foil detectors. These can provide a reliable source of data for all types of radiation, but often require processing that cannot occur in space. Experimental methods of LET determination using TLDs, such as the high temperature peak ratio (HTR) method, are also discussed. Portable readout passive detectors including Pille, MOSFET, and bubble detector systems provide a novel alternative to traditional passive detectors, but research is more limited and their widespread use has yet to be established. Active detectors including DOSTEL, CPDS, RRMD-III, TEPC, R-16, BBND, and the Liulin series are examined for technical details. These instruments allow the determination of dose in real-time, and some can determine LET of incident particles by measuring energy deposition over a known path-length, but size and power consumption limit their practical use for dosimetry. Improved neutron dosimetry and development of a small active or portable readout personnel dosimeter capable of accurate LET determination are important steps for managing the effects of long-term exposure to the space radiation environment.     

远距离准直方法探讨

准直是指保证光学轴线间的平行,或光学轴线与基面垂直的测量过程,常用于火箭发射时的瞄准和重型机械制造中平行度、垂直度等几何要求的测量。本文论述了平行光准直法、平行光自准直法、投射法、瞄标记准直法、光电法等远距离准直方法,并分析了其原理、特点、应用、测量精度及其发展趋势。     

In-orbit operation and performance of the CubeSat Soft X-ray polarimeter PolarLight

PolarLight is a compact soft X-ray polarimeter onboard a CubeSat, which was launched into a low-Earth orbit on October 29, 2018. In March 2019, PolarLight started full operation, and since then, regular observations with the Crab nebula, Sco X-1, and background regions have been conducted. Here we report the operation, calibration, and performance of PolarLight in the orbit. Based on these, we discuss how one can run a low-cost, shared CubeSat for space astronomy, and how CubeSats can play a role in modern space astronomy for technical demonstration, science observations, and student training.     

一种基于系留无人机的图像遥测系统设计

针对海上船舶甲板的监控需求,本文提出了一种基于系留无人机的图像遥测系统设计方法,即通过系留无人机上的图像采集装置对被监控目标进行视频信号实时采集、压缩,再经过遥测装置的编码、调制、放大后由天线进行辐射,最后由数十公里外的遥测接收机完成接收、解调、解码,可实时显示船舶甲板图像信息。文中介绍了系统的软硬件组成、关键设备的设计方法、综合性能的分析,对相关图像遥测技术应用有一定参考意义。     

New results and questions of lunar exploration from SELENE,Chang’E-1, Chandrayaan-1 and LRO/LCROSS

The moon has longstanding questions such as lunar environments, origin, formation and evolution, magnetization of crustal rocks, internal structure and possible life. The recent lunar missions, e.g., SELenological and ENgineering Explorer “KAGUYA” (SELENE), Chang’E-1, Chandrayaan-1, and Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter/Lunar CRater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LRO/LCROSS), have provided new opportunities to explore and understand these issues. In this paper, we reviewed and presented the results and findings in the fields of lunar gravity, magnetic field, atmosphere, surface geomorphology and compositional variations, volcano, craters, internal structure, water and life science from new lunar exploration missions. In addition, the new objectives and scientific questions on lunar explorations in near future are presented and discussed.