Optimal multiple level decision fusion with distributed sensors

A data fusion model consisting of several levels of parallel decision fusions is considered. Global optimization of such a model is discussed to obtain the fusion rules for overall optimal performance. The reliability analysis of the proposed model is carried out to establish its superiority over the existing parallel and serial fusion models     

Optimal distributed decision fusion

The problem of decision fusion in distributed sensor systems is considered. Distributed sensors pass their decisions about the same hypothesis to a fusion center that combines them into a final decision. Assuming that the sensor decisions are independent of each other for each hypothesis, the authors provide a general proof that the optimal decision scheme that maximizes the probability of detection at the fusion for fixed false alarm probability consists of a Neyman-Pearson test (or a randomized N-P test) at the fusion and likelihood-ratio tests at the sensors     

Optimal serial distributed decision fusion

The problem of distributed detection involving N sensors is considered. The configuration of sensors is serial in the sense that the Jth sensor decides using the decision it receives along with its own observation. When each sensor uses the Neyman-Pearson test, the probability of detection is maximized for a given probability of false alarm, at the Nth stage. With two sensors, the serial scheme has a performance better than or equal to the parallel fusion scheme analyzed in the literature. Numerical examples illustrate the global optimization by the selection of operating thresholds at the sensors     

Track-to-track fusion with dissimilar sensors

An analysis is described of a kinematic state vector fusion algorithm when tracks are obtained from dissimilar sensors. For the sake of simplicity, it is assumed that two dissimilar sensors are equipped with nonidentical two-dimensional optimal linear Kalman filters. It is shown that the performance of such a track-to-track fusion algorithm can be improved if the cross-correlation matrix between candidate tracks is positive. This cross-correlation is introduced by noise associated with target maneuver that is common to the tracking filters in both sensors and is often neglected. An expression for the steady state cross-correlation matrix in closed form is derived and conditions for positivity of the cross-correlation matrix are obtained. The effect of positivity on performance of kinematic track-to-track fusion is also discussed     

Surveillance system based on data fusion from image and acousticarray sensors

The present publication shows a model of a monitoring system of high benefit, based on two complementary sensorial systems (image+acoustics), which allows the information received to fuse, and to prioritize the computational resources toward the zones with considerable risk. The application uses components such as: active acoustic radar based on a phase array of microphones, with techniques of beamforming, and multibeam detection schemes; efficient compression algorithms and video transmission in real time. The system is composed of an arbitrary number of sensors (monitoring probes), distributed by the monitoring space, a data network and a central server (monitoring manager). The sensors consist of a microprocessor, with its memory and three main modules: (1) acoustic radar; (2) video capture card; and (3) network card. The flexibility of the system allows new modules to be added such as: personal detector card; sound card; cards for telecontrol; etc. The sensor microprocessor preprocesses the information received by the modules, packs and transmits it to the central server through a data network. The system uses IP protocol, and SNMPv2 for management     

基于数据融合的航空发动机多余度 智能传感器故障诊断

针对航空发动机多余度智能传感器故障诊断问题,提出一种基于数据融合的故障诊断方法。该方法采用改进的模糊C均值聚类算法对多余度传感器信息进行数据融合,将多余度敏感单元测量值划分为合适的几个类,然后根据少数服从多数的原则,选择含有最多敏感单元测量值的类的中心作为融合值,并通过计算各个敏感单元测量值与融合值之间的残差来监控传感器的故障情况。仿真结果表明,得到的融合值具有较高的精度,绝对误差在0.5℃以内,通过判断残差可完成传感器故障自检测与定位。     

On distributed detection with correlated sensors: two examples

The authors study the effect of correlated noise on the performance of a distributed detection system. They consider a suboptimal scheme by assuming that the local sensors have the same operating point, and that the distribution of the sensor observation is symmetric. This implies that the joint distribution of the sensor decisions, and therefore the fusion rule, are symmetric functions of the sensor decisions. The detection of a known signal in additive Gaussian noise and in Laplacian noise are considered. In both cases, system performance deteriorates when the correlation between the sensor noises is positive and increasing, whereas the performance improves considerably when the correlation is negative and increasing in magnitude     

Tracking with distributed sets of proximity sensors using geometric invariants

We propose a new approach to forming an estimate of a target track in a distributed sensor system using very limited sensor information. This approach uses a central fusion system that collects only the peak energy information from each sensor and assumes that the energy attenuates as a power law in range from the source. A geometrical invariance property of the proximity of the distributed sensors relative to a target track is used to generate potential target track paths. Numerical simulation examples are presented to illustrate the practicality of the technique.     

CFAR data fusion center with inhomogeneous receivers

Detection systems with distributed sensors and data fusion are increasingly used by surveillance systems. A system formed by N inhomogeneous constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detectors (cell-averaging (CA) and ordered statistic (OS) CFAR detectors) is studied. A recursive formulation of an algorithm that permits a fixed level of false alarms in the data fusion center is presented, to set the optimum individual threshold levels in the CFAR receivers and the optimum `K out of N' decision rule in order to maximize the total probability of detection. The algorithm also considers receivers of different quality or with different communication channel qualities connecting them with the fusion center. This procedure has been applied to several hypothetical networks with distributed CA-CFAR and OS-CFAR receivers and for Rayleigh targets and interference, and it was seen that in general the fusion decision OR rule is not always the best     

Blind adaptive decision fusion for distributed detection

We consider the problem of decision fusion in a distributed detection system. In this system, each detector makes a binary decision based on its own observation, and then communicates its binary decision to a fusion center. The objective of the fusion center is to optimally fuse the local decisions in order to minimize the final error probability. To implement such an optimal fusion center, the performance parameters of each detector (i.e., its probabilities of false alarm and missed detection) as well as the a priori probabilities of the hypotheses must be known. However, in practical applications these statistics may be unknown or may vary with time. We develop a recursive algorithm that approximates these unknown values on-line. We then use these approximations to adapt the fusion center. Our algorithm is based on an explicit analytic relation between the unknown probabilities and the joint probabilities of the local decisions. Under the assumption that the local observations are conditionally independent, the estimates given by our algorithm are shown to be asymptotically unbiased and converge to their true values at the rate of O(1/k/sup 1/2/) in the rms error sense, where k is the number of iterations. Simulation results indicate that our algorithm is substantially more reliable than two existing (asymptotically biased) algorithms, and performs at least as well as those algorithms when they work.     

Distributed sensor data fusion with binary decision trees

A distributed sensor object recognition scheme that uses object features collected by several sensors is presented. Recognition is performed by a binary decision tree generated from a training set. The scheme does not assume the availability of any probability density functions, thus it is practical for nonparametric object recognition. Simulations have been performed for Gaussian feature objects, and some of the results are presented     

Joint sensor registration and track-to-track fusion for distributed trackers

Sensor registration deals with the correction of registration errors and is an inherent problem in all multisensor tracking systems. Traditionally, it is viewed as a least squares or a maximum likelihood problem independent of the fusion problem. We formulate it as a Bayesian estimation problem where sensor registration and track-to-track fusion are treated as joint problems and provide solutions in cases 1) when sensor outputs (i.e., raw data) are available, and 2) when tracker outputs (i.e., tracks) are available. The solution to the latter problem is of particular significance in practical systems as band limited communication links render the transmission of raw data impractical and most of the practical fusion systems have to depend on tracker outputs rather than sensor outputs for fusion. We then show that, under linear Gaussian assumptions, the Bayesian approach leads to a registration solution based on equivalent measurements generated by geographically separated radar trackers. In addition, we show that equivalent measurements are a very effective way of handling sensor registration problem in clutter. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm adequately estimates the biases, and the resulting central-level trucks are free of registration errors.     

基于数学模型的气动力数据融合研究

气动力误差来源复杂,气动力真值通常未知,气动力误差传递数学模型的建立非常困难,因此直接将信息融合技术应用于气动力数据融合目前还不可行。迄今为止,未见气动力数据融合的公开报道。本文首次提出了基于数学模型的气动力数据融合准则和方法。首先建立反映气动数据变化规律的数学模型,然后基于气动力数学模型,根据无论计算数据、风洞实验数据、还是飞行试验数据都必须满足气动力变化规律的原则,以气动力数据满足气动力变化规律的程度为依据,建立气动力数据融合准则和融合方法。算例表明,所建立的融合准则和方法是可行的。     

量测数据自校准融合方法

提出了一种量测数据自校准融合方法,给出量测数据系统误差(未知输入)的自识别自校准公式与计算步骤,能够自动对量测数据中事先无法校准的系统误差进行识别、估计、补偿和修正,从而减小系统误差的影响。建立多传感器的数据融合公式与计算步骤,进而降低偶然误差的影响。分别对线性系统和非线性系统进行了详细讨论,并进行了大量实例计算和仿真模拟验证。从两个算例计算结果可以看出:该方法的相对误差至少要比传统方法减小45%,且计算简单,便于工程应用。      

双目标约束下的航空发动机分布式控制系统最优保成本容错控制

针对带参数摄动、Markov时延、数据丢包和外部干扰的航空发动机分布式控制系统,研究了当执行机构发生部分失效故障时的被动容错控制问题,在H∞性能指标和成本性能指标双重约束下设计了最优保成本容错控制器.首先对系统模型中的各不确定参数进行量化描述,并在此基础上建立整个闭环系统的增广模型;其次证明了双目标约束下闭环系统渐进稳定的充分条件,并给出保成本容错控制器的设计方法;基于双目标相容性理论,得到最优保成本容错控制律的求解方法.仿真结果表明最优保成本容错控制器能够在执行机构发生区间内的任一随机故障时保证闭环系统渐进稳定,并具备一定的H∞性能.且当发动机低压转子转速发生1%阶跃变化时,最优保成本容错控制器的主燃油流量和尾喷管临界截面积峰值仅为最优鲁棒H∞容错控制器的16.03%和16.93%.     

Comparison of two measurement fusion methods forKalman-filter-based multisensor data fusion

Currently there exist two commonly used measurement fusion methods for Kalman-filter-based multisensor data fusion. The first (Method I) simply merges the multisensor data through the observation vector of the Kalman filter, whereas the second (Method II) combines the multisensor data based on a minimum-mean-square-error criterion. This paper, based on an analysis of the fused state estimate covariances of the two measurement fusion methods, shows that the two measurement fusion methods are functionally equivalent if the sensors used for data fusion, with different and independent noise characteristics, have identical measurement matrices. Also presented are simulation results on state estimation using the two measurement fusion methods, followed by the analysis of the computational advantages of each method     

考虑滑流影响的分布式螺旋桨布局优化设计

相对于传统螺旋桨飞机,前缘分布式螺旋桨飞机的滑流对整个机翼周围的流场特性影响更大.在分布式螺旋桨飞机动力布局设计过程中,应当考虑螺旋桨布局对滑流和机翼绕流的影响,使得机翼在滑流作用下表现出更好的气动特性.首先,基于雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,用等效盘代替真实螺旋桨,并采用重叠网格方法进行网格布局,优化过程中...     

Optimal and self-tuning information fusion Kalman multi-step predictor

Based on the optimal fusion algorithm weighted by matrices in the linear minimum variance (LMV) sense, a distributed optimal information fusion for the steady-state Kalman multi-step predictor is given for discrete linear stochastic control systems with multiple sensors and correlated noises, where the same sample period is assumed. When the noise statistics information is unknown, the distributed information fusion estimators for the noise statistics parameters are presented based on the correlation functions and the weighting average approach. Further, a self-tuning information fusion multi-step predictor is obtained. It has a two-stage fusion structure. The first-stage fusion is to obtain the fused noise statistics information. The second-stage fusion is to obtain the fused multi-step predictor. A simulation example shows the effectiveness.     

Adaptive data fusion framework for modeling of non-uniform aerodynamic data

Multi-fidelity Data Fusion(MDF) frameworks have emerged as a prominent approach to producing economical but accurate surrogate models for aerodynamic data modeling by integrating data with different fidelity levels. However, most existing MDF frameworks assume a uniform data structure between sampling data sources; thus, producing an accurate solution at the required level, for cases of non-uniform data structures is challenging. To address this challenge, an Adaptive Multi-fidelity Data Fusion(...