Optical fiber geostationary tether satellite (F-GTS) system design

The geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) is a limited natural resource and its efficient utilization is very important. The geostationary tether satellite (GTS) system has a number of satellites aligned along the local vertical on either side of the nominal geostationary position. The system is synchronized with the Earth's rotation and all the various altitudes are geostationary, Furthermore, optical-fiber geostationary tether satellite (F-GTS) system has been introduced to improve the GTS system, with regard to increment of communication capacity, simplification of interference paths and intersatellite link (ISL) capability. The F-GTS system design is discussed with the purpose of achieving a realistic satellite network. Three frequency bands, i.e., the 14/11, 30/20, and 50/40 GHz bands, are examined for selection of the optimum frequency band. The F-GTS system example for covering the service areas in Japan is discussed with regard to satellite antenna diameter, communication capacities, etc. To apply the F-GTS system to the whole GSO, the diagonal azimuth orbit arrangement method is proposed for low latitude service areas. Moreover, the F-GTS communication capacity and total communication capacity, when the F-GTS systems are applied to the whole GSO, are also examined.     

The Advent of Land Mobile Satellite Service Systems

The practicality of providing cellular-type communications service to underserved remote areas of the country is now possible through the use of satellites in geostationary orbit. The advent of high-power, land-mobile satellites, coupled with high-performance, low-cost ground receivers, makes it possible to provide mobile radio, mobile telephone, data communication, and other services to large numbers of rural and suburban users. A recent Federal Communications Commission (FCC) decision has allocated L-band (1.5 GHz, 1.6 GHz) spectrum to this service. Even though there is a significant amount of spectrum available at L-band, the expected demand for this service is high and spectral efficient means must be devised to maintain sufficient capacity. Expedient means used to increase capacity, in the absence of additional spectrum, are single channel per carrier, demand assignment multiple access (SCPC-DAMA) with voice, frequency reuse via multiple beams, and orbital reuse by using multiple satellites. Some of the operational, systemic, and technological considerations of the first generation land mobile satellite service (LMSS) that would provide thin-route services to large land masses of North America are considered here.     

飞机预防性维修任务间隔优化模型与方法研究

飞机维护规程中规定了飞机部队级维护涉及的所有预防性维修任务,在飞机服役初期,维修任务的制定通常偏保守,随着飞机使用和维护经验的积累,维修任务间隔优化的需求越来越明显。以服役数据为分析对象,以系统可靠度为衡量标准,构建预防性维修任务间隔优化分析方法,形成可实现的数学模型;以某维修任务为案例,对其服役数据进行分析,并给出维修间隔优化的建议。结果表明：该方法和模型正确可行,可作为军用飞机维修任务间隔优化分析的参考。     

国内民用飞机制造商运营支持能力建设思考

历经 ARJ 的首飞、取证及运营,必须大力推进民用飞机制造商的运营支持能力建设已成为国内航空界的共识。本文从长期跟踪和参与的几款国产民用飞机型号的运营实践出发,阐述对当前国内民用飞机制造企业运营支持能力建设中若干问题的看法。分析“运营支持技术”在“运营支持能力”建设中的重要性,运营支持能力建设目标是“机队稳定商业运营需求”的保障;提出通过“最小可更换件”分解培育备件市场以降低成本,通过增添“新技能”培训需求为用户产品运营做好增值服务,推动手册编制技术更新落地为国产民用飞机运营支持增添新亮点等观点。希冀基于国内民用飞机制造商运营支持能力建设的讨论,促进其技术发展,推广相关思路在国产民用飞机领域的应用,以满足国家重大需求和工程实践。     

卫星导航陆基增强系统设备许可体系研究

陆基增强系统(GBAS)是支持飞机精密进近的下一代无线电导航设备。目前,在世界上安装GBAS和提供GBAS服务的机场越来越多。中国已经研制了首套卫星导航GBAS着陆系统,然而并没有通过相关设备的认证许可,未投入实际的运行使用。因此,本文在分析FAA和Eurocontrol对GBAS设备许可的基础上,提出了一套完整的卫星导航路基增强系统设备许可体系的方案,为进行设备的认证许可提供引导,使得整个地面子系统满足安装选址要求、地面和飞行测试对功能和性能的验证要求,保证地面设备子系统经过安装调试后能够达到理想的工作状态。设备许可体系在未来卫星导航技术的发展中发挥着广泛的指导作用,有利于设备的运行、发展和管理。     

406 MHz ELT signal spectra for SARSAT

The signal format and spectral properties of the 406-MHz emergency locator transmitter (ELT) used in the search and rescue satellite aided tracking (SARSAT) system are examined. The ELT improves location estimate accuracies and can relay information about the particular aircraft and its problem, by means of the digitally modulated message fields. It is shown that due to the RF signal frequency characteristics and the Doppler shift, processing must be performed over a frequency band of approximately 25 kHz. Through the use of the fast Fourier transformation (FFT), the frequency spectrum of the ELT is analyzed, taking account of effects due to noise, multiple simultaneously received signals, and Doppler shift. It is demonstrated that the FFT provides an effective means for detecting and recognizing the presence of one or more ELT signals over this 25-kHz frequency band. Some recommendations are made to improve the spectral characteristics and the performance of the ELT     

A high-capacity aeronautical mobile satellite system

A conceptual system design is described for a satellite-based aeronautical safety communications system capable of serving both general aviation (GA) aircraft and commercial aviation (CA) aircraft in the contiguous US (CONUS) in the mid-1990s. It is shown how the large system capacity that is required can be obtained using a 15-m deployable antenna onboard a high-power commercial communications satellite expected to be available in the mid-1990s     

基于SVM的航空发动机油样光谱诊断界限值制定

运用支持向量机(SVM)估计航空发动机油样光谱数据的概率密度函数,根据光谱数据的概率分布求出航空发动机光谱诊断各金属元素的质量分数、质量分数梯度及质量分数比例的正常、警告、以及异常界限值.利用实际的航空发动机光谱数据进行了研究,并与传统的基于正态分布假设下所确定的界限值进行了比较分析.结果表明,实际的航空发动机光谱数据...     

热声联合作用下金属薄壁结构动态响应分析

未来飞行器在服役过程中会遇到气动热、力、振动、噪声等多种载荷联合作用的严酷环境,其结构设计、分析与试验验证面临巨大的技术挑战.针对受热结构在随机噪声载荷作用下的动态响应问题,采用基于顺序耦合策略的谱分析法分析热声耦合动态响应.通过对典型结构的仿真分析,给出了响应均方根应变和功率谱密度响应等计算结果,并与试验结果从数值和形态上进行了比较.结果表明,结构受热后各阶局部模态频率降低明显,功率谱密度响应曲线峰值对应的频率发生明显的前移,随机噪声载荷引起的响应均方根应变很小,并且仅能激起结构的局部模态,分析与试验结果在趋势与数值上均吻合较好,具有较好的工程实用性.     

民用飞机市场需求预测方法研究

民用飞机市场预测包含需求(航空运量)预测和供应(飞机机队)预测两个部分,其中需求预测为自上而下的预测,是对航空市场宏观运量进行分析和预测,这部分预测在预测模型中起着非常重要的作用。针对民用飞机市场需求预测方法和流程进行了详细的论述,该方法是大型客机市场预测和市场研究工作的基础。     

航空蓄电池能量均衡技术研究

航空电池组中单体电池之间会逐渐出现不一致性,会降低电池组性能和使用寿命,甚至引发安全事故。本文提出了一种基于主动均衡的航空蓄电池组能量均衡系统结构,提出了一种能量集中式双向传递的Cúk型均衡电路,设计了顶部均衡和底部均衡的均衡控制策略。开发了航空镍镉蓄电池能量均衡系统,进行了镍镉电池组能量均衡实验分析,实验结果表明新型能量均衡器具有均衡速度快、均衡电池单体可任意选择、能量双向传递的优点,通过电池组能量均衡控制能明显改善电池组内单体之间的不一致性,提高电池组容量利用率和使用寿命。     

Genetic algorithm application to efficient utilization of the GSO

Utilization of the geostationary satellite orbit (GSO) has reached full capacity in orbital arcs at certain longitudes. A variety of proposals and regulations have already been established to increase the number of possible satellite positions. The optimum satellite arrangement carried out by considering the geographical distribution of service areas is an effective strategy for efficient utilization of the GSO. The genetic algorithm (GA) method is applied here to optimize the satellite arrangement. Initially, an example of the optimum arrangement of eight satellites is demonstrated by using the GA method to ensure accuracy of the newly developed program. Subsequently, a multiple beam satellite system concept is introduced to further improve the efficient utilization of the GSO. Finally, 80 satellites (40 service areas) in the ITU Region 1 example is solved using the GA method, resulting in a quasi-optimum satellite arrangement solution. By using the GA method, the quasi-optimum solution can be obtained by very short (e.g., several ten seconds) calculation times.     

运输类飞机防止广布疲劳损伤的新规章解读

 针对运输类飞机结构广布疲劳损伤(WFD),跟踪和总结了国内外所开展的一些重要行动及其结果,客观地分析了现行的有关疲劳损伤的适航规章在执行中存在的不安全因素,指出现行的适航要求和长期依赖已有检查手段对维持飞机超出某一期限后的持续适航是不充分的,会产生不可接受的结构破坏和相关事故的危险性,需要对WFD在其发生之前采取主动的预先解决方法。对WFD检查的革新性的改变导致了针对WFD的适航条例的修正。对美国联邦航空管理局(FAA)提议的针对WFD的规章修正案草案中关于设计批准书持有人的行动及其相关的符合性方法作了分析和解读,重点阐明了新规章对WFD的适用性以及在新规章下要求的飞机WFD评定的方法和过程,包括WFD开始检查点和结构更改点的确定、飞机使用限制（初始使用限制和延伸使用限制）的建立、适航限制条款的建立和修订等。在此基础上,提出了当前乃至今后中国民机结构损伤容限设计和分析新的研究方向。     

自动相关监视系统信息传输性能分析方法及测试平台构建

本研究目的在于提出一种在民用飞机机载自动相关监视系统(Automatic Dependent Surveillance,简称ADS)系统设计和试验过程中实时/非实时检测该系统端到端信息传输性能的分析方法,并进行相应的地面测试平台搭建设计。对口于飞机的机载系统,ADS监视系统信息传输性能分析平台能够快速准确定位ADS系统的试验故障,实现有效的排故和分析,直观地评估自相关监视系统的工作状态。这项研究的结果有助于推动机载合同式自动相关监视系统(Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Contract,简称ADS-C)和广播式自动相关监视系统(Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast,简称ADS-B)机上地面功能试验、民机机上地面试验、民机飞行试验等各项工作的开展。该平台在飞机交付以后,也有利于维护工作与客户支持工作的进行。     

Maritime Communications via Satellites Employing Phased Arrays

This paper examines the feasibility of providing maritime mobile telecommunications as a new service via satellites. A global system with a capacity of 10 duplex voice/data channels (plus an interrogation/reply channel) per satellite is described. The capability is achieved with a 0-dB gain UHF antenna in the ship and a UHF phased array in the satellite, which produces 11 steerable beams, each with 30-dB peak gain. The links between satellite and shore are assumed to be at SHF. A dedicated satellite weighs 320 kg, which can be launched with an up-rated Thor-Delta. The prime power requirement of 730 watts is provided by an oriented solar array.     

EBAA：An efficient broadcast authentication scheme for ADS-B communication based on IBS-MR

Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast （ADS-B） systems can broadcast satellitebased aircraft position, identification, etc., periodically, and are now on track to replace radar to become the backbone of next-generation air traffic management （ATM） systems. However, ADS-B systems suffer severe cyber-security problems due to the broadcast-type data link and the lack of designed-in security measures. Especially, since ADS-B messages are unauthenticated, it is easy to insert fake aircraft into a system via spoofing or insertion of false messages. Unfortu- nately, the authentication for ADS-B messages has not yet been well studied. In this paper, based on identity-based signature with message recovery （IBS-MR）, an efficient broadcast authentication scheme for ADS-B messages is proposed. The security analysis demonstrates that the scheme can achieve authenticity and integrity of ADS-B broadcast messages, as well as adaptive evolution of broadcasters＇ private keys. The performance evaluation shows that the scheme is computationally efficient for typical avionics devices with limited resources. Furthermore, the scheme achieves low communication overhead since broadcast messages can be recovered from signatures, and thus it is suitable for low-bandwidth ADS-B data link.     

数字卫星电视授时方法及其研究进展

为丰富和完善国家时间频率体系建设,提高现有定位导航与授时(PNT)体系的服务能力,中国科学院国家授时中心开展了基于数字卫星电视信号的授时方法研究,并搭建了一套数字卫星电视授时系统,实际测试结果表明其定时精度优于50ns(均方根).首先综述了数字卫星电视授时方法中的理论框架及其若干关键技术问题,然后介绍了在提高授时精度方面的研究进展,最后指出了数字卫星电视授时方法的应用场景和由此方法衍生出的电视卫星测定轨、目标定位等应用前景,并展望了未来的研究方向.     

High-precision RCS measurement of aircraft’s weak scattering source

The radar cross section(RCS) of weak scattering source on the surface of an aircraft is usually less than 40 d Bsm.How to accurately measure the RCS characteristics of weak scattering source is a technical challenge for the aircraft's RCS measurement.This paper proposes separating and extracting the two-dimensional(2D) reflectivity distribution of the weak scattering source with the microwave imaging algorithm and spectral transform so as to enhance its measurement precision.Firstly,we performed the 2D microwave imaging of the target and then used the 2D gating function to separate and extract the reflectivity distribution of the weak scattering source.Secondly,we carried out the spectral transform of the reflectivity distribution and eventually obtained the RCS of the weak scattering source through calibration.The prototype experimental results and their analysis show that the measurement method is effective.The experiments on an aircraft's low-scattering conformal antenna verify that the measurement method can eliminate the clutter on the surface of aircraft.The precision of measuring a 40 d Bsm target is 3–5 d B better than the existing RCS measurement methods.The measurement method can more accurately obtain the weak scattering source's RCS characteristics.     

面向高轨空间的北斗导航性能增强星座选型研究

由于高轨空间超出北斗卫星导航系统的正常服务区域,导航信号微弱、可见性差,难以实现高轨飞行器全程稳定可靠的导航定位服务。提出了以空间卫星为时空基准传递平台,向高轨空间区域发射导航信号,从而提高高轨飞行器导航性能的方法,并展开面向高轨空间的北斗导航性能增强星座选型研究。基于卫星可见性、精度衰减因子（DOP）、信号接收门限和所需增强卫星数目等评估指标,仿真分析了基于LEO星座、MEO星座和HEO星座的北斗导航增强性能。