尾喷管构型对多循环两相脉冲爆轰发动机流场及性能影响

为了研究尾喷管构型对多循环工况下非定常气液两相脉冲爆轰发动机推进性能的影响,运用适应能力强的非结构网格CE/SE(时空守恒元和求解元)方法数值研究了带尾喷管脉冲爆轰发动机的内外流场.结果表明:尾喷管对脉冲爆轰发动机性能的影响在单次循环和多循环工况下有显著差异;当燃料填充率为1、环境压力为0.1MPa时,完成一个周期各种构型尾喷管产生的平均推力由大到小依次为拉伐尔喷管、塞式收敛扩张喷管、收敛喷管、无喷管、直喷管;研究中塞式收敛扩张喷管可以提供最大的冲量和燃料比冲,但完成单个循环的周期最长.      

脉冲爆震发动机尾喷管的实验

选取3类10种有代表性的脉冲爆震发动机尾喷管进行了试验.研究结果表明, 各种喷管对性能均有提高;对每类喷管均存在一最佳面积比, 使推力增益最大;在受试的尾喷管中, 收敛-扩张喷管增益最大, 达24%;填充系数对喷管性能增益影响甚微.      

扩张管和燃料部分填充对PDE效能的影响

采用基于有限速率基元化学反应模型的网格自适应有限体积方法,数值模拟以脉冲爆轰发动机为背景的爆轰波通过扩张喷管的流场,研究了喷管形状及喷管充气状况对脉冲爆轰发动机推进性能的影响。结果表明,氢-氧混合物产生爆轰波的等截面爆轰管冲量在某一比例合适的部分填充时达到最大,而对较大扩张角的喷管来说,其冲量一般随喷管内可燃气体填充比例的增加而增加,比冲通常随可燃气体填充比例的减少而增加;合适的喷管和燃料填充系数能使比冲显著提高。     

脉冲爆震火箭发动机喷管构型数值研究

利用准1维模型对带喷管和不带喷管脉冲爆震火箭发动机(PDRE)模型的工作过程进行了数值仿真,研究了喷管构型对单次爆震过程流动以及排气性能的影响。结果表明,带有收敛扩张喷管和收敛喷管PDRE的内部流场比不带喷管和带扩张喷管PDRE的更为复杂。在爆震管完全填充的条件下,各种构型的喷管都能使PDRE性能增益,而收敛喷管使PDRE性能增益最大。但是,带收敛喷管PDRE的比冲仍远低于热力循环理论值,因而优化喷管设计具有进一步提高比冲的潜力。     

磁流体加速技术对脉冲爆轰发动机增推影响的二维数值研究

为了研究磁流体加速技术对脉冲爆轰发动机增推过程的影响,利用含磁流体运动的气液两相爆轰模型,同时采用CE/SE方法对含磁流体加速装置的脉冲爆轰发动机点火、爆轰及排气过程进行数值研究。模拟带磁流体加速器的脉冲爆轰发动机流场,揭示磁流体加速器的增推过程,分析磁流体加速器在不同磁感应强度及管长条件下对脉冲爆轰发动机推进性能的影响。计算结果表明:磁流体加速装置能够实现对脉冲爆轰发动机的推力补偿作用。磁感应强度及加速段管长增加,脉冲爆轰发动机的平均推力得到显著提高。加速段管长0.4m,磁感应强度2T时,平均推力可提高30.457%,此时推力提升率达到最大。     

中心锥对旋转爆轰发动机内外流场影响的三维数值模拟研究

为探究中心锥对旋转爆轰发动机(Rotating Detonation Engine,简称RDE)内外流场结构与推进性能的影响,本文设计了90°、60°、45°、30°、20°、14°锥角与无中心锥7种构型,对燃烧室内径为78mm、外径为88mm、长度为100mm的RDE进行三维数值模拟,推导了适用于带中心锥RDE的推力公式,获得了各构型下详尽的流场参数。结果表明：在本文构型下中心锥对内流场影响很小,各构型的内流场参数与结构基本一致;中心锥对外流场的爆轰产物有轴向加速与径向吸附作用,能够调控尾部区域的流场特性;中心锥对由压差项产生的推力具有显著的提升效果,最佳推力性能出现在20°中心锥构型中,RDE总推力增益达22.8%。研究结果揭示了中心锥对RDE推力影响的作用机理,阐明了锥角对推进性能的影响规律,对带锥形构型的尾喷管设计工作提供了参考。     

不同形式扩张喷管对两级PDE性能的影响

为了研究不同形式扩张喷管对两级脉冲爆震发动机性能的影响,以氢气和氧气混合物为例,对安装不同扩张角、长度和扩张曲线的扩张喷管的两级脉冲爆震发动机工作过程进行了数值模拟.结果表明,具有较大扩张角的喷管其推力增益较大;当扩张面积比一定,喷管长度不能太长和太短,否则喷管增推性能会下降;不同扩张曲线喷管对两级爆震发动机性能有较大影响,在扩张面积一定,长度一定的条件下,采用曲率较大的钟形型线的喷管时,凹面腔获得的冲量最大,喷管获得的冲量也最大.     

脉冲爆震涡轮发动机增推装置性能试验

以液态汽油为燃料,通过在双管脉冲爆震涡轮发动机(PDTE)原理样机的涡轮出口加装不同喷管和引射器等增推装置,利用试验研究了不同增推装置对自吸气工作模式下(工作频率10~20 Hz)发动机工作状态及推进性能的影响。结果表明:虽然加装3种尾喷管之后涡轮转速、压气机增压比及压气机流量都有不同程度的下降,但发动机都获得了不同程度的推力增益;相比于工作频率20 Hz时无喷管发动机推力114.95 N,发动机加装尾喷管后最大推力可达143.3 N,实现增推24.7%,最大单位推力为749.87 N·s/kg;加装引射器后可以进一步增推,发动机最大推力达到200.67 N,实现增推39.8%,同时这种增推效果随着工作频率的升高而逐渐增大。     

中心锥喷管喉道比参数对旋转爆轰燃烧影响的数值研究

旋转爆轰发动机的推进性能与尾喷管的设计有关。为探究中心锥喷管的喉道比参数如何影响旋转爆轰波的传播模态及旋转爆轰发动机的推进性能，采用三维欧拉方程结合氢气/空气基元反应模型，对不同喉道比参数下的旋转爆轰发动机进行了数值模拟与流动分析。数值结果显示，随着喷管喉道比的减小，旋转爆轰波依次呈现出稳定单波模态、单双波交替的混乱燃烧模态和爆燃燃烧模态。研究发现，喉道处产生的反射激波是影响RDW传播模态的关键因素。随着喉道比的减小，反射激波强度逐渐增强，并与新鲜来流混气作用引发局部热点，使单波模态转变为单双波交替的混乱燃烧模态；随着喉道比进一步减小，反射激波的高压作用使爆轰波熄爆，燃烧模态转变为爆燃燃烧。对推力性能的进一步分析表明，单波模态下发动机的推进性能随喉道比的减小而增强，且明显好于混乱模态和爆燃模态。     

脉冲爆震发动机喷管流动的数值模拟

为了研究喷管形状及充气状况对脉冲爆震发动机推进性能的影响,发展了基于有限速率基元化学反应模型的网格自适应有限体积程序,对影响脉冲爆震发动机推进性能主要过程进行了数值模拟,计算结果和相应的实验结果较为一致。锥形喷管的算例表明,不仅锥角对喷管性能有重要影响,而且同一锥角下喷管内的充气状况对喷管性能也有重要影响。在喷管内充空气情形下,爆轰波进入喷管后迅速衰减为激波,扩张管道的超声速膨胀使得喷管壁面压力显著下降,从而削弱了喷管提高脉冲爆震发动机推进性能的作用。在喷管内充燃气情形下,爆轰波进入喷管后可一直维持到喷管出口,显著提高了脉冲爆震发动机的推动性能。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.