Integrated flight/fire control for attack helicopters

It is shown that integrated flight and fire control modes, analogous to those used in fixed-wing applications, can be implemented to enhance an attack helicopter's air-to-air and air-to-ground combat effectiveness. With fly-by-wire active flight controls and state-of-the-art technology in target acquisition and tracking, integrated flight/fire control can increase firing opportunities, improve weapon accuracy and enhance survivability. Two typical applications are illustrated, using detailed simulations of the fly-by-wire controlled helicopter and associated weapons systems. The avionics architecture needed to implement an integrated system is described, and it is shown that it is achievable with straightforward extensions of designs already in place for advanced versions of the AH-64 aircraft     

独立桨距控制对直升机飞行性能的影响

为研究旋翼独立桨距控制对直升机飞行性能的影响,在已验证的直升机性能分析模型基础上,以UH-60A直升机为样例,通过输入不同阶次、幅值和相位角的独立桨距,分析直升机的需用功率和升阻比变化,在此基础上给出了旋翼桨盘内迎角和阻力系数的分布,探讨了独立桨距控制提升直升机性能的机理。分析结果表明：高速时,2阶和3阶的独立桨距控制可降低旋翼需用功率、提高直升机的升阻比,但提升效果有限,直升机起飞重量较大时,效果更明显;2阶耦合3阶的独立桨距控制对旋翼性能的提升效果比单独的2阶或3阶桨距输入更好,样例直升机的需用功率最多降低了4.5%,4阶的独立桨距输入则不利于提升旋翼性能;输入独立桨距后,旋翼桨盘迎角分布改善,后行侧迎角减小,有利于推迟失速,桨盘的后行侧的阻力系数减小,可有效降低旋翼的需用功率,提升直升机飞行性能。     

A relative navigation system for formation flight

A relative navigation system based on both the Inertial Navigation System (INS) and the Global Positioning System (GPS) is developed to support situational awareness during formation flight. The architecture of the system requires an INS/GPS integration across two aircraft via a data link. A fault-tolerant federated filter is used to estimate the relative INS errors based on relative GPS measurements and a range measurement obtained from the data link. The filter is constructed based on a reduced-order model of the relative INS error process. A method for analyzing the filter performance is presented. A case involving two helicopters in formation flight is studied under three different night trajectories to account for the effect of vehicle motion on the INS state transition matrix. The results of the covariance analysis are compared with actual night results over an instrumented test range.     

直升机飞行参数综合处理软件设计研究

飞行参数综合处理软件是飞行参数综合处理系统的关键组成部分,主要负责分析和处理机载飞行参数记录器记录的飞行信息数据。文中在分析一种直升机飞行数据文件的数据存储结构的基础上,阐明了开发直升机飞行参数数据处理软件的具体思路和实现过程。     

直升机稳定转弯飞行中的运动学问题研究

阐明了转弯飞行是直升机的基本机动科目,现有的运动学问题研究仅从性能的角度出发,分析转弯过程中的过载、转弯半径等,忽略了转弯过程中的迎角、侧滑角、姿态和角速度等运动参数的变化,因而不能合理地预测转弯过程中旋翼的真实能力、直升机的机动性能及飞行轨迹。文中着重介绍了一种直升机稳定转弯时的运动学分析方法,该方法建立了不同稳定转弯条件下,速度、迎角、侧滑角与过载系数、姿态、角速度之间的关系,定量分析了不同稳定转弯条件对直升机角速度和姿态的影响。     

飞行试验管理系统的设计与软件实现

对飞行试验管理系统的设计进行了研究,重点介绍了飞行试验管理系统中动作单元的制作及试飞计划任务单的生成,以及系统软件实现的三个特色：三级数据库结构、多机种多用户的用户管理机制,基于Ｅｘｃｅｌ的动态报表管理,最后讨论了飞行试验管理系统今后的发展方向。     

先进重构飞行控制技术和方法研究

重构飞行控制技术本质上是一种容错飞行控制技术，它使飞控系统具有适应未知故障和损伤的能力，从而可以有效地提高安全性和任务效能。先进重构飞行控制技术在原有的基础上更加强调自适应的能力，而不再依赖故障诊断和隔离（FDI）系统，因而促进了鲁棒控制、智能控制和逢适应控制技术在该领域的交叉和融合。首先回顾了重构飞行控制技术的发展现状，然后给出了几种先进重构控制方法，并总结了先进重构飞行控制技术的主要技术优势，最后展望了它的发展趋势和应用前景。     

C-17 flight control system overview

The basic requirements that drove the design of the McDonnell Douglas C-17 airlifter are examined. The background behind the deep stall avoidance, probability of loss of control, all-engine-out control, and safe go-around requirements is explained, and the overall flight control system (FCS) design is presented, focusing on features that satisfy the above-mentioned requires. Specific failure modes and their design safeguards are reviewed. The early flight test results are presented. Minor anomalies encountered and their effect on the final flight control design are discussed     

Neural network modeling of flight control system

Modeling of angle tracking systems in the presence of actuator non-linearity such as angle, position and rate limits is a very significant and difficult task in the design and implementation of aircraft, target-tracking, and missile guided systems. A new recurrent neural network with time-delayed inputs and output feedback is used for the modeling of angle tracking systems, with emphasis on the neural network architecture, principles and algorithms. The neural network controller with modeling units for angle tracking is designed by using TMS320C25 processors. For time and size requirements, limited precision technology and look-up table technology are used in the design of the hardware and software systems. Given a set of input commands, the network is trained to control the system within the constraints imposed by actuators. The results show that the proposed networks are able to model the angle tracking system through learning without separate consideration of the non-linearity of actuators     

可重构飞行控制系统研究

对自修复飞控系统的关键技术－－可重构飞控系统进行了论述。介绍了目前主要的一些重构控制方法的特点，并对控制算法的优缺点及实现条件进行了分析；针对已进行了的可重构飞控系统的飞行试验进行了分析，并对试验结果做出了评价；指出了未来可重构飞控系统的实现途径和发展趋势。     

超机动飞行推进系统稳定性控制研究

研究了超机动飞行推进系统稳定性控制。为增强过失速机动飞行条件下发动机稳定性,提出了通过增加风扇压比控制回路的发动机稳定性控制方案,并给稳定控制压比指令算法,在已建立的飞机和发动机非线性模型的基础上,进行了系统仿真。结果检验了稳定性控制概念的合理性。     

全包线飞行控制系统设计方法研究

介绍了当前全包线飞行控制系统设计的几种主要方法，分析了这些方法存在的问题，研究了线性变参数系统（LPV）的自增益调度控制器设计，说明了其中两种重要的设计方法LFT（线性分式变换）法和Lyapunov函数法，应用Lyapunov函数法设计了大包线范围飞机的集镇爷角速度自增益高度控制系统，进行了变参数仿真，仿真结果说明了方法的有效性。     

Electromechanical flight actuators for advanced flight vehicles

The aircraft flight quantities and success of the mission depend to a great extent upon the actuator performance, and flight actuators must be designed to achieve the specified criteria. Electromechanical flight actuators driven by electric motors have begun to displace hydraulic technology in advanced flight vehicles. In aerospace application, permanent-magnet stepper motors are perfectly suited due to their efficiency and reliability, low volume-, weight-, and size-to-torque ratios, high power and torque densities, low cost and maintenance, simplicity and ruggedness, etc. Conventional open-loop stepper motor servos do not ensure the required accuracy and dynamic performance. An innovative method in motion control of advanced electromechanical flight actuators is developed, and nonlinear controllers are designed. The specified tracking accuracy, desired stability margins, microstepping capabilities, and disturbance attenuation are ensured by the robust nonlinear controllers synthesized. Analytical, numerical, and experimental results are documented to study the performance of flight actuators directly driven by stepper motors and to demonstrate the efficiency of control algorithms     

Aircraft flight control system design under state and controlbounds

Sophisticated control configurations are needed to meet the mission and pilotage requirements for advanced aircraft. The required vehicle performance during low altitude, low speed and high angle of attack flight, all-weather, day and night operations must be achieved, and new control technologies should be developed. This work presents a systematic control design philosophy for flight control systems when the state variables and control inputs are bounded by the prespecified constraints. The design procedure uses the dynamic programming concept. The fundamental idea involves minimization of nonquadratic functionals. A new representation of constraints is proposed using the smooth functions. The advantages of the synthesis approach are presented. To illustrate the design methodology the longitudinal control configuration for the F-18 fighter is synthesized     

直升机多模态控制律的全飞行包线设计

根据直升机飞行模态的特点,提出了一种的内／外回路控制结构,将不同飞行模态通过内／外回路结构有机地联系起来,不仅简化了直升机多模态控制律的设计,还简化了模态转换的控制器结构。最后,用这种结构将直升机多模态控制律的全飞行包线设计分解为内回路的控制器切换和外回路的模态转换,设计思路避免了传统的增益调参。     

An LMI-based decoupling control for electromagnetic formation flight

Electromagnetic formation flight(EMFF) leverages electromagnetic force to control the relative position of satellites. EMFF offers a promising alternative to traditional propellant-based spacecraft flight formation. This novel strategy is very attractive since it does not consume fuel. Due to the highly coupled nonlinearity of electromagnetic force, it is difficult to individually design a controller for one satellite without considering others, which poses challenges to communications.This paper is devoted to decoupling control of EMFF, including regulations, constraints and controller design. A learning-based adaptive sliding mode decoupling controller is analyzed to illustrate the problem of existing results, and input rate saturation is introduced to guarantee the validity of frequency division technique. Through transformation, the imposed input rate saturation is converted to state and input constraints. A linear matrix inequalities(LMI)-based robust optimal control method can then be used and improved to solve the transformed problem. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed decoupling control.     

MBSE在航空飞行控制系统的应用研究

现代飞机系统的复杂性不断增长,传统的开发方法在管理和维护方面变得越来越具有挑战性。首先,对航空飞控系统研发过程在当前系统工程实践方面进行了评估,阐述了传统开发方式的不足和基于模型的系统工程（MBSE）的核心原则和优点,以及在实现中常用的工具和方法;然后,展示了MBSE如何在飞行控制系统研发时使用模型来支持复杂系统的规范、设计、分析、验证和确认的过程;最后,结合先进的MBSE工具和方法的发展,MBSE结合敏捷的开发前景,以及提高MBSE实践的互操作性和标准化的需求对未来的研究方向进行了展望。本文研究为利用MBSE方法论和工具来改进飞行控制系统的设计、开发和性能感兴趣的航空工业专业人员、系统工程师提供资源和解决思路。     

Adaptive backstepping-based flight control system using integral filters

A backstepping control design procedure for uncertain nonlinear flight control system expressible in parameter-strict feedback form is presented in this paper. The proposed backstepping procedure, in association with sliding model control technique, exploits the possibility of avoiding, under certain suitable assumptions, the overparameterization problem existing in the classical backstepping process. In particular, a sliding-model-based integral filter is introduced to facilitate the development of the derivation of the virtual inputs, thus reducing the computational load with regard to the standard backstepping procedure. Moreover, in simulations, the control parameters in the resulted controller are optimally tuned using a genetic algorithm so as to show the full potential of the proposed control system.     

基于QFT的鲁棒飞行控制器设计

首先对定量反馈控制理论及其发展进行了介绍,并指出了其所能解决的问题,以及器的一般求解步骤,按着讲述了鲁棒控制中的灵敏度设计方法,讨论了基于ＱＦＴ的鲁棒灵敏度设计思路,最后以某型号飞机为算例,采用ＱＦＴ方法设计了鲁棒控制律,计算和仿真结果说明了定量反馈控制理论是一种设计鲁棒飞行控制律的有效方法。     

MIMO变结构飞行重构控制系统设计

基于滑模变结构控制,提出一种MIMO(multiple input multiple output)的飞行重构控制系统的频域设计方法.将滑模变结构控制与飞行重构控制相结合,解决了飞行重构控制技术中故障检测和系统参数辨识的问题.引入渐近观测器和hedge模型增加重构控制系统对衍生未建模动态的鲁棒性;引入作动器模型、输出饱和限制和驾驶员模型,使变结构重构控制系统设计方法变得更为有效和实用;以某型飞机的横航向飞行控制系统为例,进行设计模拟.结果表明:在飞机气动参数大幅突变和操纵面严重受损的情况下,飞机仍能保持良好的性能.