2195铝锂合金填充式摩擦点焊接头显微组织与力学性能

研究了2195铝锂合金填充式摩擦点焊不同焊接时间对接头力学性能的影响,对典型接头微观组织进行了分析和横截面显微硬度测试.实验结果表明,预热时间在0.2~1.4s时,焊点剪切拉伸抗力与十字拉伸抗力均先增大后减小;焊接时间在1.8~3.2s之间时,焊点剪切拉伸抗力与十字拉伸抗力均增大;摩擦点焊接头可分为焊核区、竖直面热机影响区、水平面热机影响区三个典型区域,其中竖直面热机影响区与焊核区的连接界面为接头的薄弱环节;焊核区发生了较大程度的软化.     

转速对含Zr中间层铝/镁搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头组织与性能的影响

对不同转速下含Zr中间层6061铝合金/AZ31镁合金搅拌摩擦焊搭接接头组织结构、力学性能、腐蚀行为的变化进行了研究。结果表明,Zr中间层抑制了接头表面飞边和内部隧道等缺陷,焊材通过搅拌区的机械互锁结构与搭接界面反应生成的金属间化合物实现了机械与冶金结合。随转速的提高,接头搅拌区内焊材的热塑性流动强度和机械互锁程度逐渐加强,其中的Zr碎片和条带组织尺寸有所变小;接头的热力影响区/搅拌区界面宽度及搭接界面宽度均趋于增大。接头横截面沿前进侧和后退侧的硬度分布不对称,在焊接中心线附近具有较高硬度;接头的拉伸剪切载荷随转速的提高先增加后减小,剪切断裂位置发生在接头热力影响区/搅拌区界面处。接头在3.5%NaCl溶液中具有差异化的腐蚀行为,铝合金以均匀腐蚀为主,镁合金以局部点蚀为主,Zr中间层未发生明显腐蚀,提高转速在一定程度上降低了接头的腐蚀性能。     

TIG补焊对2219铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接接头微观组织及性能影响

通过对原始搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）接头中间位置进行缺口挖补以模拟焊缝缺陷,采用钨极氩弧焊（TIG）补焊对其进行焊缝缺陷修复试验,研究该补焊工艺对接头微观组织及力学性能的影响规律,为贮箱的FSW焊缝性能评价提供技术支撑和后续工程指导。结果表明,相较于FSW接头,补焊接头TIG焊缝区主要由较大的等轴树枝晶组成,且与FSW焊缝交界处相互掺杂着粗大等轴晶和细小等轴晶;补焊接头固溶区受热循环影响较大,晶粒较为粗大,而过时效区受热循环影响较小,会发生过时效化并形成软化区。补焊接头抗拉强度与延伸率相较于原始FSW接头有所降低,硬度分布大致呈“W”形,WNZ区为硬度值最低处;补焊接头断裂位置始于焊趾处,断口存在大量韧窝,同时韧窝内存在第二相粒子,呈现韧性断裂机制。     

TC17钛合金焊接接头组织与力学性能分析

对TC17钛合金薄板采用氩弧焊和电子束焊两种焊接方法焊接,进行了拉伸试验,结合拉伸试验结果与断口形貌,对比分析了力学性能与焊接接头组织之间的联系。研究结果表明,TC17钛合金在经历TIG焊接热循环后,焊缝及靠近焊缝的热影响区晶粒粗化,电子束焊接头热影响区较窄且没有粗晶区形成;两种焊接试样抗拉强度均与母材等强;相对延伸率有所降低,主要是热影响区及焊缝的组织变化所致;氩弧焊焊缝组织较不均匀性更为显著。     

2219-T87/T852铝合金异质接头力学性能弱化及断裂机制

开展了航天贮箱用2219-T87和2219-T852铝合金变极性钨极氩弧焊接研究,通过拉伸试验确定了接头力学强度薄弱区,对接头焊缝晶粒特征、晶界偏析及强化相分布等微观组织分析,阐明接头力学性能弱化及断裂机制。结果表明,接头在-196℃低温条件下平均抗拉强度为314 MPa,平均延伸率为5.68%,接头力学强度薄弱区为2219-T852侧熔合区。在拉伸过程中,接头背部焊缝打底层边缘首先发生起裂,沿熔合区向上扩展,最终断口呈现混合断裂模式。微观组织分析表明,在接头力学强度薄弱区,组织为非均匀过渡混合晶粒特征,晶界偏析造成的沿晶共晶相呈粘连网状分布,基体强化相大量溶解与粗化,共同导致了接头强度和塑性的显著下降。     

2219铝合金双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊与熔焊交叉接头的组织及性能

文摘对2219C10S铝合金进行双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊接,之后沿垂直于双轴肩搅拌摩擦焊方向进行变极性TIG焊接制备交叉接头,并对比分析了交叉接头与单一TIG接头的组织和力学性能。交叉接头与单一TIG接头的组织特征既有相同之处也存在差异。相同之处为焊缝区均由直流氦弧焊作用下的柱状区和交流脉冲氩弧焊作用下的碗状区组成;不同之处在于两者的母材区分别为细小等轴晶和轧制板条晶粒,而热影响区都是在母材晶粒上发生粗化长大。显微硬度测试结果表明,两类接头的横截面显微硬度分布均呈"W"型,单一TIG接头的的显微硬度分布梯度大于交叉接头,但交叉接头的软化区宽度更窄。拉伸测试结果得出,两类接头均断裂于接头的热影响区。沿SR-FSW焊缝方向的交叉接头的抗拉强度系数为66.14%,略低于单一TIG接头,但接头延伸率比单一TIG接头高约30%。断口形貌研究表明,交叉接头的断口形貌为典型的韧性断裂,而单一TIG接头还可观察到部分脆性断裂特征。     

某型架体力学性能提升实践探索

针对两批次ZL114A架体发生的延伸率超差,通过拉伸试验、金相分析等方法,研究固溶温度、固溶时间、时效温度和时效时间对ZL114A材料力学性能的影响。比较不同参数处理后的组织变化,选出力学性能最佳的热处理参数组合,为后续的工业化生产提供参考,提高铸件的力学性能。     

焊接接头力学性能不均匀性的研究

研究１Ｃｒ１８Ｎｉ９Ｔｉ材料氩弧对接焊接头的力学性能不均匀性,用金相分析和微形剪切试验得到焊接接头上不同组织区的力学性能分布特性。结果表明,在熔合区组织不均匀性与力学性能不均匀性最为严重,是焊接接头最薄弱的环节。焊接接头的疲劳试验表明,初始裂纹一般发生在熔合区,同时焊接接头力学性能不均匀性会导致焊接接头疲劳寿命降低４０％～６０％     

2219 T852过渡环与T87箱筒段电子束焊接接头性能

基于贮箱用2219 T852整体过渡环与T87箱筒段的电子束环焊缝,开展了部段级电子束焊接接头常、低温力学性能测试,同时对焊接接头错缝量、断裂类型及金相组织进行了分析。研究结果表明:部段级常、低温2219 T852与T87电子束焊接接头的强度影响系数为0.63,低温状态下焊接接头的力学性能比室温状态下有所提高;错缝量与焊接接头力学性能成反比,其中对延伸率影响最为显著,低温有助于缓解错缝对焊接接头力学性能的弱化影响;电子束焊接接头组织不均匀性和结构形貌上的不连续性,特别是T852侧热影响区晶粒粗大,导致T852侧热影响区和焊缝接头根部为电子束焊缝的薄弱区域,焊接接头极易在该区域发生断裂。     

高强钛合金TIG焊接工艺研究

进行了高强钛合金Ti17 TIG焊接接头力学性能测试。结果表明,Ti17焊缝为针状组织,硬度低于母材;HAZ组织明显长大,硬度高于母材。接头拉伸时为韧性断裂,接头延伸率比母材高,接头拉伸强度达到母材的75%。     

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。     

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.