超声导波在大型薄铝板缺陷检测中的应用

 为了提高大型薄板超声检测的速度,研究了超声导波及其在大型薄铝板缺陷检测中的应用。推导了超声导波在大型薄铝板中传播的理论模型,分析了导波的波结构,设计并实践了导波检测薄铝板缺陷的方法。试验结果表明,若选取S0导波模式对1 mm薄铝板进行线扫描检测,在有缺陷的地方会出现明显的回波信号。根据缺陷回波与板端回波的传播时间差,可计算出缺陷的位置。缺陷越大,缺陷回波信号幅值越大。选择对缺陷灵敏度高的导波模式,导波法线扫描检测方式可以有效缩短检测时间,提高检测效率。     

固体发动机燃烧室壳体／绝热层界面脱粘类型及解决的技术途径

界面粘接是固体发动机装药结构完整性的重要条件、通过对发动机燃烧室壳体／绝热层界面粘接进行的研究，指出燃烧室在绝热层整体粘贴中常见的四种脱粘类型。对各类脱粘原因通过抽样色谱分析、无损检测或解剖作了验证，提出解决脱粘问题的具体技术途径。研究结果表明，这些技术措施在发动机装药研制中取得较好的效果。     

发动机燃烧室壳体／绝热层界面脱粘类型及解决的技术途径

发动机燃烧室壳体／绝热层界面脱粘类型及解决的技术途径王维明（上海新风化工研究所３１３０２２）本文介绍了发动机燃烧室壳体／绝热层常见四种脱粘类型。这些类型的界面脱粘时发动机装药结构完整性和安全可靠性有着严重的危害。并在此基础上提出解决相应脱粘问题的技术...     

基于空气绝热的飞机空气导管绝热设计

在分析现有飞机泄漏探测系统性能的基础上,提出了一种基于多层绝热的飞机空气导管泄漏探测结构.推导了该种多层绝热的工程计算方法,并对不同管径的导管进行了绝热层设计计算.其次,为了验证该计算方法的准确性,搭建了高温压力管道空气绝热试验平台,获得了不同温度下空气绝热层的外表面温度.同时,采用数值分析方法进一步考察了导流洞数量及导流洞直径对绝热设计计算的影响.最后,根据导流洞对绝热设计的影响进行了结构优化.研究结果表明:该结构与传统的泄漏探测系统相比具有对泄漏的高温气流具有快速导流作用,保证泄漏探测系统能及时探测到泄漏信号并作出报警响应;绝热层外表面温度的计算值比试验值偏大,最大误差为23.08%.随着导流洞孔径和个数的增加,绝热层外表面的平均温度减少,并且导流洞个数的增加对绝热层外表面温度的影响较大.该研究结果为飞机空气导管的国产化提供参考依据.      

结构/阻尼一体化复合材料超声波检测方法

采用超声脉冲穿透法和超声脉冲反射法相结合,对结构/阻尼一体化复合材料产品开展超声无损检测方法研究。研究结果表明,超声检测可有效检测出结构/阻尼一体化复合材料产品中复合材料中的分层缺陷和复合材料与阻尼材料间的脱粘缺陷。     

固体火箭发动机多层粘接结构超声图像诊断

针对固体火箭发动机的钢壳、绝热层、衬层、推进剂多层粘接结构的粘接质量检测问题,利用聚焦探头采用斜声束液浸反射回波法,选用往返透射率高的板波模式,特别是采用了双模式检测技术以提高检测信号能量,获得有效检测信号,并开发出了检测系统。通过一次C扫描获得了双层包覆三个界面粘接质量诊断图像,其脱粘检测分辨率≤Φ5 mm。采用聚集探头双模式检测技术实现了固体火箭发动机多层粘接结构超声图像诊断。     

CFRP夹层结构超声特征成像检测

采用便携式超声特征成像检测系统全波列采集检测信号,通过对缺陷特征信号的提取和重构,实现自动识别,可适用于曲面等不规则面的检测,定量精度达到0.1 mm。实验结果表明低频窄带超声换能器能够减小铜网对声波的衰减和畸变,超声特征成像层析成像方法可以对表面铜网结构CFRP泡沫夹层中分层、冲击和脱粘缺陷进行识别并精确定位和定量。检测方法快捷准确、重复性好、可靠性高。     

激光剪切散斑方法对脱粘缺陷的定量测量

采用胶接方式连接的复合结构在生产制造过程中容易出现脱粘问题,将严重影响产品的结构完整性.采用新型检测方法对脱粘缺陷进行定量测量对于保障产品质量、提高检测效率起到至关重要的作用.本文介绍了激光剪切散斑方法的检测原理、蜂窝夹层结构中脱粘缺陷的形成原因与结构特点及对脱粘缺陷的验收规范.利用激光剪切散斑方法对脱粘缺陷进行检测,分析激光剪切散斑方法对脱粘缺陷进行定量测量的检测精度.通过对已知间距缺陷进行定量测量,检测结果与实际缺陷尺寸吻合较好,检测精度在10％以内.结果表明该方法对脱粘缺陷的检测精度能够满足实际生产的检测需要.     

空气耦合超声金属/非金属粘结缺陷检测

为提高SRM粘结结构脱粘缺陷检测效率,实现大面积快速自动检测,基于漏兰姆波检测原理,提出使用空气耦合超声兰姆波检测技术,对钢/树脂/橡胶粘结结构进行检测研究。使用二维傅里叶变换识别粘结结构中兰姆波模态,从兰姆波波结构出发分析了不同模态兰姆波对于脱粘缺陷的敏感性;使用空气耦合检测系统对不同尺寸缺陷进行定量检测,最后使用概率损伤成像算法对缺陷进行成像。结果表明：兰姆波幅值随脱粘缺陷的尺寸增大而增大,不同兰姆波模态检测灵敏度不同,检测灵敏度高的模态其离面位移更大,使用800 kHz频率的S₀模态检测灵敏度高于A₀模态,兰姆波成像算法能够快速准确的对脱粘区域进行定位成像。空气耦合超声兰姆波技术能够快速有效地对SRM脱粘缺陷进行检测,提高了检测效率,为非接触超声的实际应用提供了有益探索。     

先进无损检测技术在复合材料缺陷检测中的应用

针对飞机复合材料构件全生命周期无损检测问题,介绍喷水超声C扫描技术、相控阵超声技术、空气耦合超声技术、激光超声技术和红外热成像技术在复合材料检测中的最新应用.研制大型喷水超声C扫描系统和新型超声、红外检测系统并开展试验研究,采用喷水超声方法,实现了蜂窝夹芯复合材料构件的C扫描检测;采用相控阵超声检测方法,实现了碳纤维复合材料R角检测;采用空气耦合超声方法,实现了蜂窝夹芯复合材料检测和PMMA板的导波检测;采用激光超声方法,实现了碳纤维复合材料分层检测;采用红外热成像方法,实现了蜂窝夹芯复合材料结构检测.研究表明,提出的超声、红外检测技术可以用于飞机复合材料构件全生命周期的大型结构检测、复杂结构检测、非接触检测、高精度检测和外场快速检测.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.