Cross-correlation properties of algebraically constructed Costasarrays

The problem of determining the cross-correlation properties of signals based on algebraically constructed Costas arrays is addressed by examining the discrete cross-correlation of the algebraically constructed Costas arrays for a given construction and dimension. Finding two arrays that minimally correlate implies that the signals based on these arrays also minimally correlate. The properties of finite fields are reviewed, and the major algebraic constructions for Costas arrays are presented, i.e. the Welch construction and the Golomb construction. The discrete cross-correlation properties of the Costas arrays are derived for arrays of the same dimension derived from the same construction. The use of Costas arrays in the signal design problem is discussed, and examples are given to show the cross-correlation of the signals based on the algebraically constructed arrays     

On cross-ambiguity properties of Welch-Costas arrays

We discuss cross-ambiguity properties of a specific family of Costas arrays called Welch-Costas (W-C) arrays. These properties are of interest in multiuser radar and sonar system, especially since Costas arrays are known to possess ideal auto-ambiguity functions. The theory of W-C arrays is reviewed. It is then proved that only pairs of W-C arrays can have at most two hits in their cross-ambiguity function (best possible case). The maximum number of hits in the cross-ambiguity functions of a family of W-C arrays is shown to be a function of the number of W-C arrays in the family. The upper bound on the number of hits in the cross ambiguity functions for a family of W-C arrays is also derived. Specific examples of how reducing the number of W-C arrays improves the cross-ambiguity properties are given for various types of prime numbers     

Some Effects of Phased-Array Dispersion on Digital Error Rates

Some calculations of the effect of phased-array dispersion on degrading phase-shift-keyed (PSK) error rates are presented. The results are given in the form of curves of the bit error rate versus the ratio of array "fill-time" (propagation time across the array) to signaling interval. Values of this ratio in the range 0.5 to 0.8 are required to degrade the error rate by a factor of 2. These results were obtained for both linear and square arrays, and for rectangularpulse signaling over single-pole and two-pole Butterworth equivalent low-pass channels, as well as for impulsive signaling over an idealized channel with a raised-cosine frequency response.     

铁磁性纳米线阵列磁滞回线的模拟

讨论了铁磁性纳米线磁滞回线的特点及其影响因素，使用蒙特卡洛方法模拟了在周期性边界条件下的磁性纳米线阵列的磁滞回线，利用模拟的方法研究了不同长度的混乱度对平均长度相同的铁磁性纳米线阵列磁滞回线的影响。研究发现，铁磁性纳米线阵列的长度的混乱度越高，其磁滞回线的饱和磁场强度随着升高．剩余磁化强度则有所降低。     

Spherical crystal cosmic X-ray spectrometer

For spectral studies at energies 3keV, higher than those usually neglected by grazing incidence telescopes with high efficiency, freestanding, self-focussing, crystal arrays offer the most practical way to achieve adequate sensitivity through concentration. Such spectrometers can be designed for the entire range of energies that can be diffracted by crystals, 5oo eV to 10⁴ eV, and, for energies below 3keV, can have sensitivities greater than or comparable with that of instruments at the focal plane of a large telescope.     

Regenerative hybrid arrays for interference suppression

The authors propose two regenerative hybrid adaptive arrays in which a self-generated reference signal is obtained through a detection-modulation procedure from the array output. The proposed arrays do not depend on spectrum spreading and are therefore applicable when this feature is not available. It is shown that at steady state the performance of these regenerative hybrid arrays is approximately the same as that of a hybrid array with a perfect reference signal. As to transient behavior, these arrays are shown to converge if the available imperfect steering vector can result in a few dB output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio with the self-generated reference disabled     

Crossarray Beamforming with a Parametric Receiving Array and a Line Array

A beamforming technique involving cross correlation of the outputs of two directional arrays is investigated. The performance characteristics of the crossarray system are determined and related to the characteristics of the two individual arrays. It is found that the crossarray beam pattern is the average (in decibels) of the beam patterns of the individual arrays, and that the crossarray gain (rejection of spatially distributed noise) is 1.5 dB greater than the average (in decibels) of the individual array gains. The most interesting applications for this system may be those where the two arrays are quite different, as in the case of a parametric acoustic receiving array (PARRAY) and a broadside line array.     

Superconducting antennas

The applicability of superconductors to antennas is examined with emphasis on the roles of external and internal fields. Six potential implementations have resulted. These are superdirective arrays, millimeter-wavelength arrays, electrically small antennas, matching of antennas, phasers for electronic scanning, and traveling-wave array feeds. Most superdirective arrays are still impractical, because of high Q and strict tolerances. Large millimeter arrays appear feasible, due to a major reduction in feed losses. For electrically small antennas, high Q again limits applicability. However, matching of small superdirective arrays and all electrically small antennas, including large transmit antennas, is very attractive, as matching network losses are greatly reduced. Switched-line phasers offer a major size reduction; phase control by means of temperature of a single line poses some problems. Traveling-wave array beam steering by means of temperature also appears possible. The last two utilize the kinetic inductance provided by thin films     

梯形通道内扰流柱不同排列方式的流动和换热的数值研究

应用湍流模型,对涡轮叶片尾缘扰流柱通道的流动和换热进行了二维数值模拟研究。对扰流柱4种不同的排列方式的通道进行了数值模拟计算,并对各种排列的传热和阻力特性进行了综合分析与比较。结果表明,对换热的影响,内部沿流向叉排的比进口对应扰流柱排列方式的更显著。     

收缩通道内水滴形扰流柱群的换热和压力损失特性

对装有三种不同截面的水滴形扰流柱叉排阵列的收缩通道内的流动和换热进行了三维数值模拟,获得了收缩通道扰流柱排内旋涡强度分布的基本特征,并根据流场分析了扰流柱形状对柱群压力损失性能和换热性能的影响,并与具有相同流动空间的矩形通道内的流动换热特性进行了比较.计算结果表明:在所研究的Re数变化范围内,收缩通道的端壁Nu_avr要高于矩形通道的,随着Re的升高,二者之间的差距有变大的趋势;收缩通道和矩形通道的压力损失系数差别很大,相同Re数下,收缩通道的压力损失系数约是矩形通道的34.5倍.      

三角形耦合本振阵列天线波束形成技术

以对称三角形耦合振荡器阵列为本振阵列,分析了耦合本振振荡器的相位控制原理,推导了耦合本振稳定同步形成均匀的平面相位分布,且反对称地调节边界单元的自由振荡频率,可改变本振信号的线性相位分布,确定了加权矢量,得出波束形成方向图,并通过仿真验证了三角形耦合本振阵列天线阵接收波束形成的可行性。     

基于平面图形的典型浮标规划算法

针对海上应召反潜、检查反潜等常规任务场景以及新型浮标的使用,本文提出了基于折线阵、多直线阵和方形覆盖阵共三种平面图形的典型浮标规划算法,通过优化设置参数和改进规划阵形生成不同的浮标布阵方案。仿真表明该三种图形种类丰富,广泛适用于目标搜索阶段,满足应召反潜、检查反潜等常规反潜任务场景的使用需求,相比于传统规划阵形,具有更高的目标搜索概率。     

双L型阵列DOA估计的PM算法的性能分析与改进

 双L型阵列天线的二维信号来向（DOA）估计采用传播算子法（PM），运算简单、计算量小。但对于非对称的双L型阵列天线，其中阵元数目少的均匀直线阵会引起较大的DOA估计误差。为此进行PM算法的性能分析与误差讨论，在单个信号源的前提下提出一种改进的PM算法。理论分析与计算机仿真结果均表明，该改进的PM算法保持了PM本身计算量小的优点，能够实现实时二维DOA估计。同时提高了测角精度，降低了方差，且对双L型阵列的使用更具普遍性。     

带扰流柱内冷通道对表面气膜冷却特性的影响

为了讨论内冷通道结构对表面气膜冷却特性的影响,通过数值模拟的方法,计算研究不同结构下,冷气流过带有扰流柱内冷通道对表面气膜冷却特性的影响,并研究冷气通道与燃气掺混后的冷却效果;采用六种不同结构的扰流柱与气膜孔排列方式,计算中吹风比的范围为0．1〈M〈2．0。结果表明：冷气通道内的扰流柱对进入气膜孔的冷气起到稳定作用,比冷气通道内不加扰流柱的气膜冷却效果好,而且扰流柱与气膜孔不同的排列方式对气膜冷却效果有显著影响,因此选择合适的排列方式有利于气膜冷却。     

Nonuniform array processing via the polynomial approach

A polynomial approach for maximum-likelihood (ML) estimation of superimposed signals in time-series problems and array processing was recently proposed. This technique was applied successfully to linear uniform arrays and to uniformly sampled complex exponential signals. However, uniformly spaced arrays are not optimal for minimum variance estimation of bearing, range or position, and uniform sampling of signals is not always possible in practice. The authors make use of the expectation-maximization algorithm to apply the polynomial approach to sublattice arrays and to missing samples in time-series problems     

Eigenanalysis for interference cancellation with minimum redundancy array structure

In a previous work, the principles of the eigenanalysis method for interference cancellation was studied for uniform regular array (URA) structure, wherein the array elements are equally spaced. The main objective of this paper is to extend the results of that work to adaptive arrays with different geometry termed "minimum redundancy array" (MRA). An efficient method is presented to solve the minimum variance optimization problem and explicit analytical solutions are derived for the optimal weight vector and output noise variance of the eigencanceler. Performance analysis of the general N-element array was first derived and used to extract the performance of MRA. URA is also considered as a special case. The closed-form equation depicts the minimum variance noise residue for the single interference case, while an interactive procedure is suggested for the two interferences case. If there are more than two interferences, we propose to use direct numerical calculation.     

On radar detection and direction finding using sparse arrays

The potential performance of radar systems employing sparse arrays is investigated. Different sparse array geometries are evaluated with respect to detection and estimation performance. We present appropriate tools for analytical computation of the detection and estimation performance of the likelihood ratio test (LRT) and the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE), respectively. Particular attention is paid to the effect of ambiguity errors on system performance. The results show that sparse arrays have several advantages over nonsparse arrays, but that ambiguities deteriorate performance when sidelobe interference is present. Some ways to mitigate the ambiguity effects on system performance are briefly discussed.     

基于超短基线声传感器阵的高速目标轨迹估计

针对低空高速飞行目标跟踪问题,首先研究了某典型目标噪声信号的时频特性,发现其信号呈现宽带低频特征,难以从频域对目标轨迹进行估计。在此基础上,从各路接收信号的到达时延量入手,考虑到声基阵只能布设于有限空间内的制约,提出了一种基于超短基线阵时延估计的目标跟踪方法。该方法利用各个超短基线阵接收声强极值点分别估计目标运动轨迹垂线方向,计算多个垂线的叉乘向量实现对目标运动方向的估计,再利用多面交汇的方式获估计得到目标运动轨迹。分别对目标俯仰角、方位角及运动轨迹估计的理论误差进行了推导,根据理论估计误差,为能够实现对目标运动轨迹的估计,各个超短基线阵应尽量保证与目标运动轨迹不在同一平面上。根据仿真结果,在采用4个传感器基阵时,角度估计平均误差在4°以内,位置估计相对误差在5%左右。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Sequences and arrays with perfect periodic correlation

Properties and methods for synthesizing sequences with perfect periodic autocorrelation functions and good energy efficiency are discussed. The construction is extended to two-dimensional perfect arrays. The construction methods used are based mainly on a search in the frequency domain and on a multiplication theorem for periodic sequences and arrays     

Costas array generation and search methodology

Costas arrays are permutation matrices that provide sequencing schemes for frequency hop in FSK waveforms. Such frequency-shift keying (FSK) waveforms can be designed to have nearly ideal ambiguity function properties in both the time and frequency directions: the Costas property permits at most one coincident tone in autocorrelations in both time and frequency. Costas arrays are found by number-theoretic generators and their extensions, and by exhaustive search methods. Two new extensions of number-theoretic methods are introduced here that find two new Costas arrays. All Costas arrays for orders 24, 25, and 26 are disclosed here, including previously unknown examples.