Interference Immunity Effects in CPSK Systems with Hard-Limiting Transponders

Transmission characteristics are described for M-ary coherent phase-shift keyed (CPSK) systems with N-stage hard-limiting transponders where noise and multiple continuous wave (CW) interference sources are additively combined in each link. A general expression for the probability density function of the composite phase at the final link is derived; the overall error probability is then obtained from this general expression. Comparisons with N-cascaded linear amplifier systems clearly show the noise and interference immunity that result from the use of bandpass hard limiters (BPHLs). The BPHL system's error probability improvement versus interference sources is shown to be much larger than the improvement versus noise.     

Analysis and Design Considerations of Hard Limiters for LF and VLF Navaid Receivers

Hard limiters, followed by a D-type flip-flop as a digital-signal-polarity detector, are very effective receiver/phase detectors for low frequency (LF) and very low frequency (VLF) navigation receivers. However the performance not only depends on the signal quality, but also on the specifications of the hard limiter and the flip-flop. Analysis of the tracking accuracy is given as a function of the dc offsets of the limiter and the flip-flop, the linear gain of the limiter, the signal-to-noise ratios of one or more input signals, and the power consumption of the limiter. The results are presented in formulas and graphs for application by circuit designers. A design example of a low-power, high-gain limiter is given.     

三维自适应非结构网格的Euler方程解

 将 Ausm+ 迎风格式应用于三维非结构网格中求解 Euler方程。对单元变量进行重构以获得空间高阶精度,对时间域采用多步龙格库塔法推进,并采用了当地时间步长和隐式残差光顺技术来加速收敛。采用多点择优推进阵面法生成复杂曲面的三角形网格,利用推进阵面法生成四面体网格。采用网格自适应技术对网格进行局部加密,以减少总体网格数目,从而提高计算效率。最后给出了绕 ONERA M6机翼的跨音速流动及绕麻雀 导弹的超音速流动算例,结果表明了本方法的有效性。     

On First Cycle Slip Time of Phase-Locked Loops in Cascade

Precise measurement and spacecraft tracking are obtained by using phase-locked loops in cascade in two-way communications links. Statistics on cycle slip time are of vital importance in system planning and design. This paper presents: 1) results of a computer simulation study of the mean time to first cycle slip of cascade phase-locked loops preceded by bandpass limiters, and 2) the determination of probability distributions of cycle slip. Numerical results are obtained for a typical coherent communication system.     

任意单元间断Galerkin有限元计算方法研究

基于龙格库塔间断Galerkin(RKDG)有限元法的构造思想,通过局部坐标变换,发展了非正交单元DG有限元计算方法;借鉴非结构网格有限体积隐式计算方法,发展了适应于DG有限元方法的隐式计算方法;借鉴一维和二维(三角形单元)DG有限元限制器构造方法,提出了非正交三棱柱单元限制器方法;利用上述方法数值模拟了球头和双椭球的高超声速粘性绕流,得到了清晰的流场结构,并得到了较好的压力和热流分布,表明该方法在复杂高超声速流动的数值模拟方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

涡轮发动机可调收扩喷管主要性能影响因素

采用数学方法对影响收扩喷管流量系数和推力系数的因素进行了定量分析,将特定结构参数的收扩喷管流量系数转化为喷管喉道直径D8的函数,将推力系数转换为喷管喉道面积A8和喷管面积比Ar的函数,并通过数值模拟对流量系数和推力系数函数的准确性进行了校验。研究结果表明:这2个函数可以较好地反映流量系数和推力系数的变化趋势,通过对其求解可以快速得到收扩喷管在某一状态的性能参数。利用公式得到可调收扩喷管推力系数最大点出现在略欠膨胀的工作状态。     

An Extension of Viterbi's Analysis of the Cycle Slipping in a First-Order Phase-Locked Loop

The phenomenon of cycle slipping in a first-order phase-locked loop is reconsidered and a simple expression for the expected number ? of cycles slipped per second is given in the form of a rapidly converging series. In this way the computation of ? becomes much easier than with previously known formulas. A formula allowing the computation of the expected number of cycles gained or lost per second is also given. These results are obtained by extending a technique used by Viterbi. The outcome of experimental verifications of the theory is also reported.     

测轨时序差分观测权阵的解析表达式

基于相关权逆阵和二次差分矩阵的对应关系,利用Delta函数的性质,推导了时序差分组合的相关权矩阵公式,并利用M atlab对解析表达式进行了数值验算。该公式可以直观地反映出差分组合观测量的统计相关信息。     

Computation of the Noncentral F Distribution (CFAR)Detection

A formula is given that enables accurate values of the cumulative noncentral F distribution to be calculated. Since it does not seem to be generally known that constant false alarm rate (CFAR) detection problems are concerned with evaluating the noncentral F distribution, results using the algorithm are compared with published values obtained using a CFAR algorithm. Both engineers and statisticians are therefore encouraged to consult each other's publications for useful (though maybe disguised) material.     

用逐步扩阶双递推时域法识别线性振动系统复模态参数

本文给出了从线性振动系统的自由响应识别该系统复模态参数的方法,把自由响应的表达式变为一个自回归方程和一个多项式方程,利用最小二乘递推与逐步扩阶递推的双递推法来进行参数识别。文中讨论了几个应用中的问题,并给出了计算机的模拟计算结果以及越野汽车车架的参数识别试验结果。     

紧凑拉伸试样应力强度因子的统一公式

 本文通过简单的力学分析,导得了紧凑拉伸试样应力强度因子的统一的表达式（公式（5）,（7）,（8））,可以适用于相当宽的H/W和a/W的范围,与边界配置法结果相比,误差小于1％（大多数数据的误差小于O.5％）。 本文采用的基本函数K_b和K_s,均为Srawley^[1、2]等用边界配置法得到的结果拟合而求得的。在拟合过程中发现文献[1、2]内有五个数据异乎寻常,证实了文献[3]中重新计算的结果。 利用本文的表达式还可以方便地计算试样的柔度,结果也是令人满意的。     

一种偏置动量轮在轨维护的变带宽控制方法

针对长寿命运行卫星在轨维护中出现的备份偏置动量轮离散性差异较大,导致俯仰角收敛缓慢的问题,在姿态现象分析的基础上,根据卫星姿态动力学原理,建立偏置动量轮工作模式下的俯仰姿态的PID(Proportion Integration Differentiation,比例积分微分)控制模型,并进行系统开环与闭环传递函数公式推导。然后在伯德图(Bode Diagram)基础上,重点分析相位裕量的敏感参数,给出俯仰姿态控制回路的带宽调整方法,实现变带宽控制。卫星偏置动量轮在轨切换维护的结果表明,通过及时调整PID参数,减小回路带宽,可以有效改善相位裕量,保持卫星控制性能,实现俯仰姿态快速收敛,且俯仰角控制精度优于0.03°,取得较好的应用效果。     

Filter Selection for Receivers Using Square-Law Detection

A numerical method is described for predicting the detection probability performance of a pulse receiver which uses square-law detection. The method is useful for receivers where the ratio of RF bandwidth to video bandwidth is in the range from 2 to 40; a range where numerical results have previously been hard to obtain. A key feature of the approach is that it takes into account the actual filter transfer functions, pulse envelope shape, and pulse frequency.     

非结构网格限制器研究

研究了6种限制器形式及其参数计算方法,其中新的自适应VenkatakrishnanM限制器能够根据当地流场特征自动调节参数从而实现不同区域不同特性.数值试验表明:非结构网格限制器对邻居集合选择方法较敏感,其中共面法比共点法精度高约15%;高马赫数时压缩型限制器比耗散型限制器计算精度高约10%~40%;参变量算法中,方向梯度法得到的流场比增量法平滑;自适应VenkatakrishnanM限制器能够模拟复杂超声速流动.      

大型等剪应力钢丝缠绕芯筒的失稳校核

 针对大型预应力钢丝缠绕芯筒在缠绕过程可能发生失稳的复杂问题,在已有的等张力钢丝缠绕结构失稳理论与公式基础上,提出了一种新的等剪应力钢丝缠绕失稳校核公式。通过545 MN、726 MN超大型等静压设备钢丝缠绕芯筒的应用算例,结合实际缠绕施工过程的测量数据,验证了所提算法的可靠性和芯筒预紧完毕后芯筒外压公式的正确性。该算法为大型等剪应力钢丝缠绕芯筒失稳校核提供了理论依据,也为超大型缠绕缸体的方案设计和结构优化创造了条件。     

作动器速率饱和时的PIO抑制方法

 作动器速率饱和会产生附加的时间延迟, 使系统稳定性大大降低, 并增加了驾驶员诱发振荡( PIO) 的趋势。为防止作动器速率饱和, 在飞控系统中一般设置了软件速率限制器。对比分析了3 种软件速率限制器, 探讨了它们的开环和闭环特性, 从研究角度出发, 提出了某型飞机在出现低液压故障情况下的PIO 抑制方案。非线性六自由度仿真结果表明, 该方案明显改善了算例飞机在严重低液压故障时的动态响应, 降低了PIO 趋势。     

跨声速条件下轴对称收扩喷管内外流场的数值研究

采用有限体积法,二阶精度插值的Roe格式对三维流场N-S方程进行空间离散;采用LUSGS隐式时间推进法和多重网格技术加快计算收敛速度;采用不同湍流模型、壁面函数对轴对称喷管内外流场进行三维数值模拟.计算结果与实验数据对比表明,采用涡粘修正的RNG模型,内流场使用增强壁面函数,外流场使用标准壁面函数可以得到准确的计算结果.研究表明:在亚声速条件下,喷管外壁面压力分布随落压比的变化不大;超声速条件下,喷管外壁面激波随着落压比的增大前移.      

Method for Optical-Flow-Based Precision Missile Guidance

A new precision guidance law is presented for three-dimensional intercepts against a moving target. In contrast to previously published guidance laws, it does not require knowledge of the range to the target. This makes it appropriate for use on platforms which have an imaging device, such as a video camera, as a primary sensor. We prove that with idealized dynamic model, the guidance law results in zero miss distance, and a formula is given for impact angle error which tends to zero as does target speed, making this method particularly suitable against slow moving targets. Computer simulations are used to test the law with a more realistic model, with a video camera and optical-flow algorithm providing target information. It is shown to perform well compared with another law from the literature, despite requiring less information.     

A suboptimal algorithm for modulation classification

In this paper we present a suboptimal algorithm for modulation classification to classify the general M-ary phase-shifted keying (MPSK) signal buried in additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). We first derive the phase density functions of MPSK signals, then develop the required statistics for modulation classification and demonstrate a classifier for CW, binary phase-shifted keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shifted keying (QPSK), and 8PSK. The structure of the proposed classifier is flexible and is easy to expand. The performance of classifier is evaluated in terms of the probability of successful classification. An example (BPSK/QPSK case) is provided to demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed classifier. The performance is evaluated through the theoretical approach and the Monte Carlo computer simulations and is compared with that previously published in 1992. It is shown that the performance of the proposed classifier is better. Further improvement in performance can be obtained by increasing the length of observation interval.     

Angle-Independent Doppler Velocity Measurement

When the angle between the target heading and the range vector is not known a priori, a Doppler velocity radar must estimate them simultaneously by utilizing a longer section of the track. The conventional least squares iterative solution is compared with a new explicit alogorithm which utilizes range-rate derivatives. It is shown that the explicit algorithm is biased but is less sensitive to noise. The bias, however, can be estimated and removed. Hence, the computationally simpler explicit velocity estimation method yields better performance. An analytical closed form expression for the resulting mean square estimation error and simulation results are given.