基于不同磨粒的氮化硅陶瓷磨削特性研究

采用多颗磨粒磨削仿真和实验相结合的方式研究磨削过程的磨削力、磨削温度和已加表面形貌。对比分析了多颗磨粒和传统单颗磨粒磨削模型在磨削特性上的差异性,并对多颗磨粒磨削仿真模型进行了验证。结果表明：当磨削速度减小、磨削深度增大时,多颗/单颗磨粒仿真与实验的磨削力均增大;当磨削速度和磨削深度增大,多颗/单颗磨粒仿真与实验的磨削温度均增大;当进给速度增大时,单颗磨粒仿真的磨削力减小、磨削温度先减小后增大,多颗磨粒仿真和实验的磨削力增大、磨削温度减小;多颗磨粒磨削时的磨削力和磨削温度大于单颗磨粒磨削时的力和温度;多颗磨粒仿真后工件表面形貌与实际加工后表面形貌相符。基于多颗磨粒磨削工程陶瓷的有限元仿真模型相比于单颗磨粒模型可更好地模拟实际加工情况。     

单颗磨粒磨削仿真研究进展

概述了传统磨削仿真的基本方法及发展过程,总结了磨粒模型和工件模型的研究现状,具体分析了有限元法、光滑流体粒子动力学法、分子动力学法以及综合仿真方法等应用于单颗磨粒磨削材料的去除机理、成屑机理、工件表面质量以及磨粒磨损等仿真中的研究现状,最后阐述了各类仿真方法的局限性,并提出了单颗磨粒磨削仿真进一步的发展前景。     

基于多颗磨粒随机分布的虚拟砂轮建模及磨削力预测

利用VHX-600E型超景深显微镜测量了金刚石砂轮表面的磨粒分布情况,计算得到了砂轮表面的磨粒密度、真实接触弧长以及砂轮总的磨粒数和有效磨粒数。基于磨粒间隔分布假设和虚拟格子方法在虚拟砂轮端面随机分布等磨粒密度的多颗正六面体磨粒,并随机分配磨粒的位姿以模拟砂轮的真实形貌。将1/4虚拟砂轮模型导入Deform-3D软件中,建立三维虚拟磨削仿真模型,采用Lagrangian Incremental算法获得多颗磨粒的仿真磨削力值,并建立了基于多颗磨粒磨削仿真的磨削力预测模型。通过金刚石砂轮端面磨削硬质合金刀片的实验,比较了实测磨削力与预测磨削力;仿真与实验结果具有一致性,证明了采用本方法建立的多颗磨粒虚拟磨削仿真模型可以用于磨削力预测,为多颗磨粒共同磨削的磨削力研究提供了新的思路。     

基于单颗金刚石磨粒磨削的SiCp/Al复合材料仿真与试验研究

本文主要开展了单颗金刚石磨粒磨削碳化硅颗粒增强铝基(SiC_p/Al)复合材料的试验及三维有限元仿真研究。分析了SiC_p/Al复合材料磨削过程中磨削工艺参数对磨削力及表面形貌等的影响。分析结果表明,随着磨粒转速的增加,磨削力减小,SiC颗粒破碎现象有所缓解,铝基体的涂覆作用增强,表面形貌完整性好;随着磨削深度的增加,磨削力增大,SiC颗粒破碎明显增强,表面形成较多凹坑与孔洞,表面质量差。仿真结果与试验结果较吻合,说明该仿真模型可用于磨削工艺参数的优化分析。     

镍基高温合金高效成型磨削的研究进展与展望

镍基高温合金因其优异的高温强度、热稳定性和抗疲劳特性,被广泛应用于航空发动机的核心部件,该材料机械加工性差,成型加工更加困难。本文阐述了镍基高温合金高效磨削工艺的研究现状,找出了成型磨削加工应用中存在的瓶颈,并对现有的解决方法加以剖析;提出以确保成型面具有相同单颗磨料切厚为目标优化成型砂轮磨粒排布,并与高效深切磨削工艺(HEDG)相结合的构想,以达到进一步挖掘高效成型磨削技术在航空难加工材料成型加工中潜力之目的。     

氮化硅陶瓷切削仿真与实验

针对金刚石砂轮磨粒尺寸、形状的不规则性和空间位置不确定性的特点,采用球坐标中随机点产生的空间平面切分实体和截角多面体相结合的方法,并考虑氮化硅陶瓷工件的磨削亚表面形貌和裂纹损伤,建立了截角多面体磨粒和含有典型裂纹的工件模型。进行单颗磨粒切削氮化硅陶瓷的有限元仿真和实验,结果表明:磨削加工和数值仿真的磨削力值变化趋势相同,差值小于8%,切削力随砂轮转速增大而减小、随工件速度和切削深度增大而增大,而切削深度对切削力的影响程度最大。     

超声ELID 复合磨削磨削力模型研究

以ELID 电解原理为基础,结合超声振动辅助磨削过程中单颗磨粒的运动学分析,建立了超声 ELID 复合磨削条件下的磨削力数学解析模型,并对模型进行了分析和仿真。对模型的分析表明:超声振动改 变了磨粒的运动轨迹,使同等条件下的未变形切屑厚度减小,砂轮的在线电解修整使磨粒始终处于锋锐状态, 而且影响砂轮的实际切削深度,进而对磨削力产生影响。磨削力随着超声振动频率、振幅、电解电压、脉冲比、 电解液电阻率的增大而减小;随着切削深度、工件速度的增大而增大。     

磨粒磨损对砂带磨削TC17表面完整性的影响研究

砂带磨粒磨损直接影响磨削表面质量进而影响构件综合服役性能.以表面完整性为评估指标,对砂带磨损前后钛合金的表面加工质量进行了试验研究,揭示了砂带磨粒磨损对磨削TC17表面粗糙度、残余应力和表面硬度的影响规律及机制.结果表明,磨粒磨损后由于高度均匀化、单位面积切削磨粒数增加、磨削深度减小,使得表面粗糙度减小、纹理均匀细腻,...     

旋转条件下SiC 单晶片锯切力建模研究

通过理论分析和实验研究相结合的方法,对工件旋转条件下电镀金刚石线锯切割SiC单晶片锯切力进行了分析.依据磨削和动态切削理论,分析了线锯与工件运动模型、单颗金刚石磨粒的切向和法向锯切力,建立了金刚石线锯锯切力模型;进行了工件旋转条件下SiC单晶切割实验,对理论分析结果进行验证,重点对线锯速率、工件进给速率、工件旋转速率及工件未切割直径等工艺因素对切向锯切力的影响进行分析.结果表明理论分析和实验结果相对误差不大于5.2％,验证了所建模型的正确性,为探索SiC单晶片的切削机理和参数优化提供依据.     

单颗磨粒磨削钛合金的试验研究

本文采用单颗粒磨削试验方法,比较分析了立方氮化硼（CBN）、碳化钨以及碳化硅等三种磨料磨削钛合金的磨削特性。研究了磨屑形成过程、粘附过程及磨削表面的生成,并测定了三种磨粒的磨损特性。     

新型刚玉砂轮磨削GH4169镍基高温合金的性能评价研究

镍基高温合金是航空发动机部件的常用材料,其磨削加工存在工具损耗严重、寿命短等难题.针对3种新研制的刚玉砂轮(分别为粒度60#的微晶和单晶混合磨料砂轮、粒度60#的单晶刚玉砂轮,以及粒度70#的单晶刚玉砂轮),开展了GH4169镍基高温合金材料的磨削试验,从磨削力、磨削温度、砂轮磨损以及表面粗糙度等方面对3种砂轮的磨削性...     

Prediction on grinding force during grinding powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 with electroplated CBN abrasive wheel

In this article, a grinding force model, which is on the basis of cutting process of single abrasive grains combined with the method of theoretical derivation and empirical formula by analyzing the formation mechanism of grinding force, was established. Three key factors have been taken into accounts in this model, such as the contact friction force between abrasive grains and materials, the plastic deformation of material in the process of abrasive plowing, and the shear strain effect of material during the process of cutting chips formation. The model was finally validated by the orthogonal grinding experiment of powder metallurgy nickel-based superalloy FGH96 by using the electroplated CBN abrasive wheel. Grinding force values of prediction and experiment were in good consistency. The errors of tangential grinding force and normal grinding force were 9.8% and 13.6%, respectively. The contributions of sliding force, plowing force and chip formation force were also analyzed. In addition, the tangential forces of sliding, plowing and chip formation are 14%, 19% and 11% of the normal forces on average, respectively. The pro-posed grinding force model is not only in favor of optimizing the grinding parameters and improving grinding efficiency, but also contributes to study some other grinding subjects (e.g. abrasive wheel wear, grinding heat, residual stress).     

Grain erosion wear properties and grinding performance of porous aggregated cubic boron nitride abrasive wheels

Cubic boron nitride (cBN) superabrasive grinding wheels exhibit unique advantages in the grinding of difficult-to-cut materials with high strength and toughness, such as titanium alloys and superalloys. However, grinding with multilayered metallic cBN superabrasive wheels faces problems in terms of grain wear resistance, the chip storage capability of the working layers and the stability and controllability of the dressing process. Therefore, in this work, novel metallic cBN superabrasive wheels with aggregated cBN (AcBN) grains and open pore structures were fabricated to improve machining efficiency and surface quality. Prior to the grinding trials, the air-borne abrasive blasting process was conducted and the abrasive blasting parameters were optimized in view of wear properties of cBN grains and metallic matrix materials. Subsequently, the comparative experiments were performed and then the variations in grinding force and force ratio, grinding temperature, tool wear morphology and ground surface quality of the multilayered AcBN grinding wheels were investigated during machining Ti–6Al–4V alloys. In consideration of the variations of grain erosion wear volume and material removal rate per unit of pure metallic matrix materials as the abrasive blasting parameters changes, the optimal abrasive blasting parameters were identified as the SiC abrasive mesh size of 60# and the abrasive blasting distance and time of 60 mm and 15 s, respectively. The as-developed AcBN grains exhibited better fracture toughness and impact resistance than monocrystalline cBN (McBN) grains because of the existence of metal-bonded materials amongst multiple cBN particles that decreased crack propagation inside whole grains. The metallic porous AcBN wheels had lower grinding forces and temperature and better ground surface quality than vitrified McBN wheels due to the constant layer-by-layer exposure of cBN particles in the working layer of AcBN wheels.     

磨削力的实时采集和数据处理

磨削一般是零件加工的最后一道工序。磨削过程较为复杂，磨削力的大小不仅影响工件的表面质量，而且还影响零件的精度。在磨削机理研究及生产实际中常常需对磨削力进行测试，通过调整磨削用量，修整砂轮，实现在允许的磨削力范围内进行加工。提出了在磨床上安装测力系统，并采用单片机对磨削力信号进行实时采集处理，建立磨削力的经验公式，同时显示并打印结果。     

Application of novel force control strategies to enhance robotic abrasive belt grinding quality of aero-engine blades

Robotic belt grinding has emerged as a finishing process in recent years for machining components with high surface finish and flexibility.The surface machining consistency, however,is difficult to be guaranteed in such a process.To overcome this problem, a method of hybrid force-position control combined with PI/PD control is proposed to be applied in robotic abrasive belt grinding of complex geometries.Voltage signals are firstly obtained and transformed to force information with signal conditioning methods.Secondly, zero drift and gravity compensation algorithms are presented to calibrate the F/T transducer which is installed on the robot end-effector.Next, a force control strategy combining hybrid force-position control with PI/PD control is introduced to be employed in robotic abrasive belt grinding operations where the force control law is applied to the Z direction of the tool frame and the positon control law is used in the X direction of the tool frame.Then, the accuracy of the F/T transducer and the robotic force control system is analyzed to ensure the stability and reliability of force control in the robotic grinding process.Finally, two typical cases on robotic belt grinding of a test workpiece and an aero-engine blade are conducted to validate the practicality and effectiveness of the force control technology proposed.     

叶片型面砂带磨削技术的现状和发展趋势

叙述了国内外叶片型面砂带磨削的各种技术,分析了一些叶片材料的砂带磨削性能,并介绍了一些典型的叶片砂带磨床.