基于力法的超静定捆绑火箭传力特性研究

对于采用超静定捆绑的助推器来说,对捆绑装置载荷的准确预示是开展构型论证、结构设计和优化的关键工作。基于力法,推导了超静定捆绑助推器的捆绑载荷解析模型,并通过有限元方法进行了验证。在此基础上,获得了捆绑装置刚度、安装位置及捆绑个数对捆绑载荷的影响规律,从而为工程应用提供了一定的参考和理论支撑。     

电子控制器PCB板电磁兼容性仿真与试验研究

随着航空发动机全权限数字控制系统的发展,电子控制器中PCB板电磁兼容性设计的重要性日益凸显.本文以某控制器PCB板为对象,在10MHz至1GHz频率范围内,对其电磁干扰使用Ansys公司的SIwave进行近场远场仿真研究,并使用容向公司EMSCAN电磁干扰扫描仅进行测试.通过测试与仿真结果的对比,验证了仿真的准确性.本文提出了一种基于仿真预测PCB板电磁干扰的实现途径,对于电子控制器PCB板的电磁兼容性设计具有参考价值.     

变质量飞行器变轨中摇摆发动机指向跟踪问题研究

针对携带大推力摇摆式轨控发动机的变质量飞行器,研究了其推力方向跟踪质心位置变化同时指向惯性空间推进方向的问题。研究中将飞行器分为可摇摆的发动机和变质量的平台两部分,利用雷诺迁移定理和变质量力学原理建立了整个变质量系统的数学模型;在控制系统设计中,通过一组线性转换,将系统转换为摄动双积分系统,以时间最优为性能指标,利用相平面法构造开关控制律。仿真结果表明,变质量飞行器利用该控制律能够实现摇摆发动机在惯性空间中跟踪质心位置变化的同时与推进方向保持一致。     

等值线匹配算法的地形适应性研究

地形辅助导航匹配算法的性能直接由地形特征所决定,因此,建立地形特征参数与匹
配算法精度之间的定量关系不仅是判断匹配性能的需要,也是进行航迹规划的基础。本文以
ICCP算法为研究对象,首先,运用聚类和回归分析方法挑选出6个与匹配精度密切相关的参
数;然后,采用多重回归、二项Logistics回归和判别分析等三种方法分别得到匹配精度与
地形特征之间的定量关系,其中多重回归分析得到的是匹配精度与地形特征参数之间的精确
对应关系,而二项Logistics回归和判别分析则是建立误差类别与地形特征参数之间的关系
。仿真结果表明,多重回归预测精度基本与实际匹配精度一致,但在少数样本点偏差较大;
二项Logistics回归和判别分析的正确判断概率均优于90％。
     

Materials refining on the Moon

Oxygen, metals, silicon, and glass are raw materials that will be required for long-term habitation and production of structural materials and solar arrays on the Moon. A process sequence is proposed for refining these materials from lunar regolith, consisting of separating the required materials from lunar rock with fluorine. The fluorine is brought to the Moon in the form of potassium fluoride, and is liberated from the salt by electrolysis in a eutectic salt melt. Tetrafluorosilane produced by this process is reduced to silicon by a plasma reduction stage; the fluorine salts are reduced to metals by reaction with metallic potassium. Fluorine is recovered from residual MgF and CaF₂ by reaction with K₂O.     

Galileo/北斗组合系统GDOP改善方法研究

从理论上来说,导航卫星数量越多,可提供的几何精度下降因子(GDOP)就越小。但是在进行Galileo/北斗组合系统仿真时,却发现其GDOP反而变差。文中对此进行了理论分析,指出出现该现象的原因在于两个卫星导航系统存在时间差,并且其中一个系统的可见星数过少。为解决该问题,文中提出播发系统间时差的方法,可使组合系统的GDOP相对单系统得到一定的改善。仿真结果表明,该方法可以改善GDOP。     

On the problem of rotation of the ocean and icy crust of Jovian moon Europa

A mathematical model of the non-steady-state magnetosphere of the ocean of Jupiter’s moon Europa is described. This magnetosphere is induced by the magnetic field of Jupiter, and its interaction with the Europa ocean is considered. Rotation of the ocean and its icy crust with respect to the hard core is described by a system of integro-differential equations with singular kernels, the values of the Reynolds number and magnetic Reynolds number being large for the system. The solution to these equations obtained by the methods of operational calculus is analyzed quantitatively and compared with a model experiment.     

基于振动试验的基板刚度测试

为获取太阳电池阵基板性能,通常在基板生产过程中同步制作随炉件,采用三点弯曲法测试随炉件刚度,进而间接判断基板的性能。但是由于外界因素的影响,该测试结果难以反映基板的真实刚度。文章提出采用单板振动试验测试基板弯曲刚度,并针对某型号太阳电池阵基板完成了测试。测试结果表明:基板实际刚度与数值分析结果仅相差2.2%;与三点弯曲法测试结果相比,振动试验测试结果可以更准确反映基板真实性能。     

老子深邃的贵身思想

老子关注人的一项重要内容就是要确定身与物谁贵谁轻。他主张贵身，反对以物役身；人是目的，物为手段；人以身为贵，依道贵身；贵身有道。     

Modeling the time behavior of the D st index during the main phase of magnetic storms generated by various types of solar wind

Results of modeling the time behavior of the D _st index at the main phase of 93 geomagnetic storms (?250 < D _st ≤ ?50 nT) caused by different types of solar wind (SW) streams: magnetic clouds (MC, 10 storms), corotating interaction regions (CIR, 31 storms), the compression region before interplanetary coronal ejections (Sheath before ICME, 21 storms), and “pistons” (Ejecta, 31 storms) are presented. The “Catalog of Large-Scale Solar Wind Phenomena during 1976–2000” (ftp://ftp.iki.rssi.ru/pub/omni/) created on the basis of the OMNI database was the initial data for the analysis. The main phase of magnetic storms is approximated by a linear dependence on the main parameters of the solar wind: integral electric field sumEy, dynamic pressure P _d , and fluctuation level sB in IMF. For all types of SW, the main phase of magnetic storms is better modeled by individual values of the approximation coefficients: the correlation coefficient is high and the standard deviation between the modeled and measured values of D _st is low. The accuracy of the model in question is higher for storms from MC and is lower by a factor of ～2 for the storms from other types of SW. The version of the model with the approximation coefficients averaged over SW type describes worse variations of the measured D _st index: the correlation coefficient is the lowest for the storms caused by MC and the highest for the Sheath- and CIR-induced storms. The model accuracy is the highest for the storms caused by Ejecta and, for the storms caused by Sheath, is a factor of ～1.42 lower. Addition of corrections for the prehistory of the development of the beginning of the main phase of the magnetic storm improves modeling parameters for all types of interplanetary sources of storms: the correlation coefficient varies within the range from r = 0.81 for the storms caused by Ejecta to r = 0.85 for the storms caused by Sheath. The highest accuracy is for the storms caused by MC. It is, by a factor of ～1.5, lower for the Sheath-induced storms.     

弹道导弹主动段扰动引力的一种逼近算法

弹道导弹扰动引力的计算量非常大,目前的弹载计算机因计算速度限制,是不可能实现计算的,必须采用快速的扰动引力逼近算法。针对地面司托克斯积分方法等方法计算扰动引力的不足,提出了利用重力线求解重力的一种方法,并用该方法计算标准弹道附近的扰动引力,作为实际弹道扰动引力的逼近准备数据。给出了弹道主动段扰动引力的BP-神经网络逼近算法,并通过算例证明扰动引力的神经网络逼近是可行的。     

基于高斯问题的近最优再入预测制导方法研究

再入过程中利用解算高斯问题建立落在地面固定目标的开普勒轨道,由于干扰力的存在,再入飞行器将偏离这条轨道,为此需要对再入飞行器进行速度修正。速度的修正方案有两种:一种是使修正后的轨道返回到事先装订到计算机上的标准轨道上,即标准轨道法;另一种是根据落点重新建立一条可落在固定目标的轨道,即预测制导法。文中利用牛顿迭代法对高斯问题进行优化,得到了可重新落在地面目标的最小速度修正量,得到了一种快速的近最优预测制导算法。仿真结果表明:此算法简单,运算速度快,需用过载小,且得到了较小的脱靶量。     

Developing countries, the GEO and the WARC-ORB 85 conference

This article considers the problems to be discussed at the WARC-ORB 85 Conference from the perspective of the developing countries. Two main concerns have been expressed by developing countries: access to the geostationary orbit and the technical and financial burdens imposed by technical standards for satellites and earth stations. It is argued that cooperation in outer space particularly in the field of telecommunications is essential, and that programmes such as the UN technical assistance programmes offer the basis for such cooperation.     

两种低噪声放大器性能对地面接收系统影响的分析

针对进口和国产低噪声放大器（ＬＮＡ）的增益和噪声温度指标，就中科院遥感卫星地面站运行接收系统的主要系统性能指标即Ｇ／Ｔ值和误码率进行了理论分析和实际测量。结果表明，国产ＬＮＡ比进口ＬＮＡ的增益提高９．８ｄＢ，噪声温度降低４Ｋ，接收系统增益改善约０．２５ｄＢ／Ｋ，１０－７误码率对应的Ｅｂ／Ｎ０改善约０．７ｄＢ。     

星载大功率固放组件中常用基板材料的出气及其微波特性研究

随着星载大功率固放组件复杂度和输出功率的不断提高,因其内部材料出气而导致产品性能异常的情况时有发生。以大功率固放组件常用介质基板材料出气产生的水汽、氢气和氧气作为研究对象,研究了高功率微波信号作用下基板材料出气气体对大功率固放组件微波特性的影响;对出气的气体成分进行了定量测试试验验证,随后通过真空烘烤对基板进行除气处理;首次结合产品应用和环境试验进行了补充试验,通过增加长期和高温储存试验来模拟实际工况;试验结果表明除气措施可有效降低基板材料出气气体的含量,降幅超过79.1%;最后选取一组试验后的测试试验数据对基板除气的有效性进行了仿真验证,为星载大功率固放组件的进一步优化奠定了基础。     

Assessing the robustness of the emergence of intelligence: testing the selfish biocosm hypothesis (#IAA-00-IAA.9.2.06)

The Selfish Biocosm hypothesis asserts that the anthropic qualities which our universe exhibits can be explained as incidental consequences of a cosmological replication cycle in which a cosmologically extended biosphere supplies two of the essential elements of self-replication identified by von Neumann.Further, the hypothesis asserts that the emergence of life and intelligence are key epigenetic thresholds in the cosmological replication cycle, strongly favored by the physical laws and constants of inanimate nature. A falsifiable implication of the hypothesis is that the emergence of increasingly intelligent life is a robust phenomenon, stongly favored by the natural processes of biological evolution     

Watersheds in the modern world: the space viewpoint

A new world order has begun to appear since the early 1990s. The simplicity of interaction between individual states, based on the rivalry between the two superpowers, is gradually being replaced by new attitudes formed in a complex, uncertain and risky context. States still have a role, discussing, negotiating, legislating, creating infrastructures and issuing directives. However, political power, with its laws, its order and its reasoning, is being supplemented and often dominated by other forms of power: economic, financial or influence. Space policies follow or sometimes precede political trends. They were the spearhead of the ‘glory years’ and still bear the imprint of the simple rules which applied twenty years ago. However, amid the current uncertainty, it is possible to perceive the outline of the space policies of the future, which may contribute to the definition of new watersheds in the modern world.     

如何使用CFD来确定风洞实验模型的缩尺比例——风洞试验模型设计准则从感性到理性的飞跃

对上百年传统的风洞试验模型缩尺比例的确定方法,提出了疑问,并且从N-S方程出发,指出了这种“传统”方法不符合相似理论,具有很大的随意性和盲目性。因而按“传统”方法给出的模型尺寸所提供的风洞实验气动力数据是不准确的,不能满足当今世界现代战争精确打击的战术技术要求。因此,必须按文中提出的,满足N-S方程解的相似性要求去确定模型的尺寸,才是今后风洞实验模型设计的方向。从这一点出发,文中还提出了一些新的概念,并且扩展到如何应用CFD来作为风洞实验相似理论辅助研究的设想。     

相机保护罐玻璃对摄影测量精度的影响规律分析与误差补偿

文章通过统计相机镜头处加玻璃前后点位的位移分布规律,选择合适数学模型,将玻璃对测量精度造成的影响减弱。现已完成相机保护罐玻璃对测量精度影响的实验,实验表明:加玻璃后像点坐标变化量最大约为5μm,该变化量的分布与镜头畸变规律相似。最后将其影响划归为径向畸变模型,并通过实验证明该方法能够有效减弱玻璃对测量精度影响。     

飞行器线性分式变换建模及其降阶研究

针对一类可用线性变参数系统描述的飞行器动力学模型,本文采用图形法建立其线性分式变换模型,并应用卡尔曼规范分解对模型进行降阶.最终得到的模型将飞行器动力学明确分解为确定性部分和时变参数部分.数学仿真验证了所建立模型的正确性.