Standardisation of the graphical and operator input device modulesfor tactical command and control man-machine interfaces

Since many of the MMI systems designed for tactical command and control operating environments are similar in nature, there is a need to standardise certain elements of the systems. This paper gives a summary of the investigation into standardising certain graphical MMI elements, and operator input device elements for tactical command and control systems. This standardisation allows for rapid prototyping on low-cost platforms, as well as enabling the code to be transferred easily between different operating platforms     

战术导弹火控系统技术保障分析

介绍了针对复杂系统技术保障分析的问题,以战术导弹火控系统为例,依据其系统组成,建立技术保障评价模型并给出具体运用的流程,最后总结了复杂系统技术保障分析的基本方法.     

Digitized mapping: the key to achieving a common command and control picture

One of the main goals in transforming the Army is the process of moving away from the use of paper maps and grease pencils into more embedded and computer-oriented forms of command and control. There are currently many weapons platforms trying to achieve this function; however, each platform is developing their own solution to meet individual needs. The Army as a whole needs to standardize on a single path forward to ensure that all systems can communicate across the digitized battlefield, allow for each platform to have a "common picture," and promote software reuse across the Army. Once this "common picture" is achieved, the armed forces will have the information needed to continue domination of the battlefield.     

Sliding mode and shaped input vibration control of flexible systems

In this paper, the vibration reduction problem is investigated for a flexible spacecraft during attitude maneuvering. A new control strategy is proposed, which integrates both the command input shaping and the sliding mode output feedback control (SMOFC) techniques. Specifically, the input shaper is designed for the reference model and implemented outside of the feedback loop in order to achieve the exact elimination of the residual vibration by modifying the existing command. The feedback controller, on the other hand, is designed based on the SMOFC such that the closed-loop system behaves like the reference model with input shaper, where the residual vibrations are eliminated in the presence of parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. An attractive feature of this SMOFC algorithm is that the parametric uncertainties or external disturbances of the system do not need to satisfy the so-called matching conditions or invariance conditions provided that certain bounds are known. In addition, a smoothed hyperbolic tangent function is introduced to eliminate the chattering phenomenon. Compared with the conventional methods, the proposed scheme guarantees not only the stability of the closed-loop system, but also the good performance as well as the robustness. Simulation results for the spacecraft model show that the precise attitudes control and vibration suppression are successfully achieved.     

Countermeasures of command and control (C2) capabilities in a hostile environment

For a military airborne platform to survive in a hostile battlefield environment, the rapid detection and geo-location of an enemy (or terrorist) gunner is highly desirable. One approach is to develop an electronic countermeasure system against the gunner's command and communication (C2) capabilities, specifically the usage of modern wireless phones. Such a countermeasure system conducts a quick detection and geo-location of the targeted (hostile) mobile wireless subscriber, allows the airborne platform to make appropriate decisions: 1) to divert and avoid potential military conflicts; 2) to cue artillery supports and prepare for attack; or 3) to relay the coordinates of the potential threat to his own command and control units. In this paper, we discuss the technical approach of the countermeasure system, especially in two design areas: 1) detection and tracking of enemy C2 signals; and 2) geo-location of a targeted communication link.     

纳米压痕法表征微电子焊点界面的力学性能

通过对微电子共晶SnBi/Cu焊点界面的微观力学性能的表征,介绍了纳米压痕法测量硬度、弹性模量、室温蠕变速率敏感系数的方法和原理.用恒定载荷法(4mN)测量了界面各相的硬度和弹性模量,测量结果表明:焊点界面处Cu6Sn5、Cu3Sn、Cu、Bi、Sn各相的硬度平均值分别是6.0、2.8、1.6、0.7、0.3GPa;弹性模量分别为117.0、146.0、127.9、58.6、49.5GPa;共晶SnBi焊料经120℃7天时效后,硬度为0.22GPa(恒定载荷50mN),弹性模量为73GPa,室温蠕变敏感指数为0.115.     

Data-driven model-free adaptive attitude control of partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances and input saturation

This study presents an improved data-driven Model-Free Adaptive Control(MFAC)strategy for attitude stabilization of a partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances and input saturation. First, a novel dynamic linearization data model for the partially constrained combined spacecraft with external disturbances is established. The generalized disturbances composed of external disturbances and dynamic linearization errors are then reconstructed by a Discrete Extended State Observer(DESO). With the dynamic linearization data model and reconstructed information, a DESO-MFAC strategy for the combined spacecraft is proposed based only on input and output data. Next, the input saturation is overcome by introducing an antiwindup compensator. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed controller when the dynamic properties of the partially constrained combined spacecraft are completely unknown.     

飞机除冰/防冰液使用过程中的质量控制

航空器的地面除冰/防冰工作,是冬季航空器地面运行的一项重要勤务保障工作,对于飞行安全至关重要。南京禄口国际机场机务工程部自2008—2009年冬季运营期间首次通过DAQCP     

Problem of precision missile guidance: LQR and H/sup /spl infin// control frameworks

Addressed here is the precision missile guidance problem where the successful intercept criterion has been defined in terms of both minimizing the miss distance and controlling the missile body attitude with respect to the target at the terminal point. We show that the H/sup /spl infin// control theory, when suitably modified, provides an effective framework for the precision missile guidance problem. The existence of feedback controllers (guidance laws) is investigated for the case of finite horizon and non-zero initial conditions. Both state feedback and output feedback implementations are explored.     

Nonlinear adaptive and sliding mode flight path control of F/A-18 model

The question of inertial trajectory control of aircraft in the three-dimensional space is discussed. It is assumed that the nonlinear aircraft model has uncertain aerodynamic derivatives. The control system is decomposed into a variable structure outer loop and an adaptive inner loop. The outer-loop feedback control system accomplishes (x,y,z) position trajectory and sideslip angle control using the derivative of thrust and three angular velocity components (p,q,r) as virtual control inputs. Then an adaptive inner feedback loop is designed, which produces the desired angular rotations of aircraft using aileron, elevator, and rudder control surfaces to complete the maneuver. Simplification in the inner-loop design is obtained based on a two-time scale (singular perturbation) design approach by ignoring the derivative of the virtual angular velocity vector, which is a function of slow variables. These results are applied to a simplified F/A-18 model. Simulation results are presented which show that in the closed-loop system asymptotic trajectory control is accomplished in spite of uncertainties in the model at different flight conditions.     

Large-eddy simulation of shock-wave/turbulent boundary layer interaction with and without SparkJet control

The efficiency and mechanism of an active control device ‘‘Spark Jet" and its application in shock-induced separation control are studied using large-eddy simulation in this paper.The base flow is the interaction of an oblique shock-wave generated by 8° wedge and a spatially-developing Ma = 2.3 turbulent boundary layer.The Reynolds number based on the incoming flow property and the boundary layer displacement thickness at the impinging point without shock-wave is20000.The detailed numerical approaches were presented.The inflow turbulence was generated using the digital filter method to avoid artificial temporal or streamwise periodicity.The numerical results including velocity profile,Reynolds stress profile,skin friction,and wall pressure were systematically validated against the available wind tunnel particle image velocimetry(PIV) measurements of the same flow condition.Further study on the control of flow separation due to the strong shock-viscous interaction using an active control actuator ‘‘Spark Jet" was conducted.The single-pulsed characteristic of the device was obtained and compared with the experiment.Both instantaneous and time-averaged flow fields have shown that the jet flow issuing from the actuator cavity enhances the flow mixing inside the boundary layer,making the boundary layer more resistant to flow separation.Skin friction coefficient distribution shows that the separation bubble length is reduced by about 35% with control exerted.     

环量控制机翼增升及滚转控制特性研究

环量控制作为一种高效的主动流动控制技术,在飞行器的气动改善、姿态控制方面具有巨大潜力.本文设计一套可以实现向下吹气的环量控制装置,并将其应用于飞行器进行气动控制.首先,通过数值模拟选取环量控制参数,同时分析环量控制翼型的气动特性.通过风洞实验,对同尺寸常规舵面模型和带有环量控制装置的模型进行气动力和气动力矩研究;采用粒...     

基于食物链控制的机场鸟害防治

鸟撞是指飞机在起飞、飞行或降落过程中被鸟类撞击而发生的飞行安全事故或事故征候(国际民航组织,1998)。鸟撞作为一种多发性、危险性事件,一直是威胁飞行安全的重要因素。近10年间,世界民航因鸟撞导致的飞行事故占总事故的26.2%,而在机毁人亡的事故中占20%,是第三大事故类型。目前,全世界军民航每年大约发生1万余次鸟撞事件,鸟撞造成的经济损失约100亿美元,国际航空联合会已把鸟害升级为"A"类航空灾难。鸟类是大自然的重要组成部分,在维持生态平衡中起着重要作用。因此,人类应该在不伤害或者尽可能少伤害鸟     

The roles of direct input of energy from the solar wind and unloading of stored magnetotail energy in driving magnetospheric substorms

This paper presents the consensus arrived at by the authors with respect to the contributions to the substorm expansive phase of direct energy input from the solar wind and from energy stored in the magnetotail which is released in a sometimes unpredictable manner. Two physical processes, neither of which can be ignored, are considered to be of importance in the dispensation of the energy input from the solar wind. One of these is the driven process in which energy, supplied from the solar wind, is directly dissipated in the ionosphere with the only clearly definable delay being due to the inductance of the magnetosphere-ionosphere system. The other is the loading-unloading process in which energy from the solar wind is first stored in the magnetotail and then is suddenly released to be deposited in the ionosphere as a consequence of external changes in the interplanetary medium or internal triggering processes. Although the driven process appears to be more dominant on a statistical basis in terms of solar wind-geomagnetic activity relationships, one or the other of the two above processes may dominate for any individual cases. Moreover, the two processes may operate simultaneously during a given phase of the substorm, e.g., the magnetotail may experience loading as the driven system increases in strength. Thus, in our approach, substorms are described in terms of physical processes which we infer to be operative in the magnetosphere and the terminology of the past (e.g., phases) is related to those inferred physical processes. The pattern of substorm development in response to changes in the interplanetary medium is presented for a canonical isolated substorm.Now at Max-Planck-Institut für Physik und Astrophysik, Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik, D-8046 Garching, F.R.G.     

空间网格化制导的导引与控制方法研究

针对摄动制导对大干扰修正能力差的缺点,提出一种空间网格化的制导方法,并以其导引和控制方法为对象展开研究.以导弹平面运动为例,对空间网格化制导方法的基本思路和特点进行了分析,并对其导引和控制过程作了详细说明.通过与摄动制导方法的仿真对比,证明了该导引和控制方法的可行性和有效性,能够满足精度要求.同时,空间网格化制导具有控...     

低雷诺数下翼型层流分离泡及吹吸气控制数值研究

在低雷诺数下Eppler387翼型表面会出现层流分离泡现象,因此本文使用Fluent求解器开展吹/吸气控制翼型表面层流分离泡的数值研究,主要探究了射流位置、射流角度、射流速度比三个控制参数对层流分离泡控制的影响规律.研究结果表明,采用与SSTκ-ω湍流模型耦合的γ～(Reθt)转捩模型可以准确预测层流分离泡的位置;吹/吸气可以有效抑制低雷诺数下层流分离泡的发展,明显提高低雷诺数下翼型升阻比.固定射流位置,较大吸气速度比和较小吹气速度比可分别获得较好的流动控制效果,且吸气控制比吹气控制对层流分离泡的抑制作用更加有效.     

预测控制综合设计算法设计及软件实现

预测控制综合设计方法通过设计一组满足特定要求的终端约束条件来保证系统的稳定性.给出了一组满足该要求的终端约束条件,然后依据多参数二次规划法求解预测控制器的基本思路,在Matlab环境下设计并实现了一个预测控制综合方法的控制器求解软件,最后通过一个仿真实验验证了该软件的基本功能.仿真结果表明,所设计的软件可以用于求解基于...     

航空发动机喷口收放异常故障诊断与分析

航空发动机使用过程中出现喷口收放异常故障现象,通过现场排故及测得数据分析,得出喷口收放异常是由于指令压力低所致。为此,建立以指令压力低为顶事件的故障树,从顶事件出发找出直接导致顶事件发生的各种可能因素。然后再找出这些因素的直接原因,并逐级向下深入,一直追溯到引起系统发生故障的全部原因。逐一排除,最终认定喷口收放异常故障是由于燃油增压泵花键磨秃导致燃油增压泵失效引起。更换燃油增压泵,故障排除。     

无损检测的内涵演变及其在质量控制中的作用

就无损检测的内涵如何从探伤演变到评价及无损检测在质量控制中的应有作用作了叙述,希望对相关人员开拓思路、提高工作质量有所裨益.