Standardisation of the graphical and operator input device modulesfor tactical command and control man-machine interfaces

Since many of the MMI systems designed for tactical command and control operating environments are similar in nature, there is a need to standardise certain elements of the systems. This paper gives a summary of the investigation into standardising certain graphical MMI elements, and operator input device elements for tactical command and control systems. This standardisation allows for rapid prototyping on low-cost platforms, as well as enabling the code to be transferred easily between different operating platforms     

CTACTS Charleston Tactical Aircrew Combat Training System

This paper presents an overview of the Ocean Engineering and Construction Project Office (FPO-1) of the Chesapeake Division, Naval Facilities Engineering Command design and construction of eight ocean towers. These towers are for the Charleston Tactical Aircrew Combat Training System (CTACTS). The offshore portion of the CTACTS provides the necessary facilities to accurately monitor and control the training of Navy, Marine Corps, and Air Force pilots, during aerial warfare training exercises. These offshore facilities are located 30 to 72 nautical miles east of northern Georgia in water depths ranging from 81 to 143 feet. In June, 1984, FPO-1 awarded the ocean tower design contract to Brown & Root Development, Inc. The final design was completed in August, 1985 and in January, 1986, FPO-1 awarded a contract to McDermott Marine Construction to fabricate and install the platforms. The installation is scheduled to be completed by mid-September, 1986.     

Spiral evolution applied to legacy avionics systems

The US Department of Defense (DoD), through the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), has determined that evolutionary acquisition is their strategy of choice for future software-intensive systems, and that the spiral development model (SDM) is the preferred method/process for software-intensive development life cycles. Electronic Systems Command (ESC) at Hanscom AFB, Massachusetts, has written a draft handbook on the use of Spiral Development for all future Command and Control (C2) systems, including reference to the DoD 5000 series and Air Force Program Directive 63-1, Acquisition System, which deploys this OSD mandate for future C2 systems. Barry Boehm's continued work on SDM which he conceived in the 1980s, is heavily biased toward development of new systems that are software-intensive, as noted in a workshop he gave at the Software Engineering Institute (SEI) in 2000.     

Maritime border control computer simulation

This work describes a computer simulator for an integrated Command and Control (C2) multi-sensor system acting in a maritime border control scenario. The analyzed system is composed of two platforms of multiple sensors: a land-based platform, equipped with a Vessel Traffic System (VTS) radar, an Infrared camera (IR), and an Automatic Identification System (AIS); an airborne platform, carrying an Airborne Early Warning Radar (AEWR) and an III camera. The mission of the system is the detection, tracking, and identification of multiple naval targets inside a sea region, their threat level evaluation, and the selection of an intervention against possible threat targets, in order to inspect their nature. The Measures of Effectiveness (MoE) of the integrated system are evaluated, i.e., the system performance during the detection, the threat evaluation process, and the intervention.     

航天飞控中心软件再工程方法与实践

从软件再工程的基本概念和模型入手,首先说明了航天飞控中心软件再工程的目标和意义,然后结合测控应用软件的特点,讨论了为保障功能、质量、开发周期等要求可以采取的再工程策略方法。文中还分析总结了作为航天指控中心首次软件再工程实践的“某应急控制系统”软件开发经验,对如何更加有效提高软件质量和融合新兴技术提出了观点。     

Operating System Reliability for the Navy Advanced Avionic Digital Computer

This paper discusses reliability aspects of a modular multiprocessor currently under development by the Naval Air Systems Command. The operating system, or executive, of this computer may be implemented in various ways. These include a totally software "floating executive," one dedicated to a specific processor, or an executive consisting of special-purpose hardware. The objections to hardware executives, especially for avionic applications, include a supposed degradation in system reliability. This paper shows that under certain conditions this degradation need not occur.     

分布式航空电子系统信息传输机构设计研究

 航空电子系统日益增长的复杂性使其必须走向分布式处理的道路。本文介绍一个基于1553B总线的分布式航空电子系统的实验模型——EPDAS系统,讨论了EPDAS系统信息传输机构的有关组成部分:总线通信协议、通信管理软件和总线接口,本文在分析传统的同步总线控制方式的缺点之后,提出了询问和命令/响应相结合的总线控制方式,该方式能提高总线传输的效率和实时性。在EPDAS系统的总线接口设计中,引入了流水线并行处理技术,解决了总线接口的瓶颈问题,并使之易于VLSI化;伪DMA控制的概念,使总线接口电路更加简化;共享存贮器的互连技术,具有效率高、控制简单、容易实现等优点。EPDAS系统结构合理、效率高,符合国情、适合于新一代的飞机。     

Remote Sensing: The Next 50 Years

Remote sensing is viewed as a complete system for observing and managing man's environment on Earth. The sensing portion of the system consists of space, air, and ground observing platforms, sensors, communications, computational capabilities and interpretation, and recognition algorithms. The data are put to use using environmental models, geographic information systems, and management models. Progress and potentials in each of these system elements are reviewed and projected. Existing and potential uses are sketched and certain institutional, diplomatic, and national security issues are identified. Some underlying reasons for belief in continued progress are mentioned and the need for certain crucial choices in the future stated which will determine which of a number of possible futures will be realized.     

基于资源共享的分布式机载软件测试系统设计

随着装备软件系统的发展,越来越多的硬件功能软件化,装备软件的发展朝着高综合、高集成、一体化的趋势发展。目前航空航天装备软件中,嵌入式软件占据主导地位,相较通用计算机软件,嵌入式软件的测试具有面向特定应用,有实时操作系统支持,运行芯片和平台较为固定,并且需要特定的数字总线资源进行数据注入等特点。尤其对于复杂的,高度综合化模块架构的嵌入式软件系统软件测试,对于测试和验证系统的要求也越来越高,数据采集、数据记录、数据激励、数据监控、数据分析等各种测试和验证系统的需求也使得综合化软件测试验证系统结构越来越复杂,基于分布式架构的软件测试系统已经成为必然趋势。结合嵌入式综合化软件测试系统的功能要求以及测试系统的特点,提出了一种基于对等架构下的分布式测试系统设计,该设计不仅能够满足嵌入式软件运行平台规模的扩展,也能够在分布式架构下实现软件运行平台内部资源的共享。     

Some early achievements in landing guidance using mechanicallyscanned pulse-encoded beams

A microwave scanning beam landing system from the 1950s and 1960s is still operating routinely. It depends on airborne reception of pulse-coded signals from mechanically scanned antennas. Military versions include the US Navy's C-Scan for carrier landings and the Tactical Instrument Landing System used in Sweden. Other sets, called microwave scanning beam landing systems, serve Space Shuttle orbiters. System concepts and functional hardware requirements were tested extensively by on-ground and flight procedures. Both the US Navy and Sweden purchased operational equipments in 1969     

基于 FACE 思想的软件通用运行环境设计

未来机载能力环境（FACE）思想由美国军方、工业界和学术界共同发起,它针对机载航空电子软件系统提出了一种新的业务模型和参考架构。通过制定参考架构核心元素间的接口标准以及定义基于共识的通用数据模型可以为软件模块的跨平台重用提供便利。本文通过分析 FACE 参考架构的核心思想,结合实现层面的具体考虑,提出了软件通用运行环境的设计方案,旨在硬件计算平台上进一步搭建一个软件计算平台,使得应用软件模块在能够正常运行的基础上尽可能地实现“一次开发,多次应用”。     

卫星测控系统多通道地面测试平台设计

一般地面测试平台无法同时支持卫星对地测控测试和中继测控测试,需要开发多通道地面测试平台满足卫星测试需求.基于此,对卫星测控系统多通道地面测试平台设计进行讨论,采用彼此相对独立的2套地面测试设备,通过特定连接关系同时接入卫星对地测控链路和中继测控链路中,实现卫星多通道测控并行测试和地面测试设备的双机备份,在无须更改外部连接关系的基础上,通过模式选择、参数配置,可适用于不同模式下卫星测控通道地面测试需求.经过分析,该平台具有功能完善、适用性广、稳定性好等优点,已应用于某卫星的地面测试.测试结果表明,平台运行稳定,具有良好的使用效果.     

Development Engineering on System 465L

The development engineering involved in large scale systems is but one of many problems included in acquisition of these systems. The purpose of this paper is to explore some of the engineering problems encountered in the development of the Strategic Air Command and Control System 465L and to indicate how the interaction between the technical problems and the nontechnical problems affects the final engineering decisions. In this paper we will indicate the basic requirements for the system and show how the system was configured to meet these requirements. The deficiencies uncovered in the design and first cut solutions to the problems and the compromises which were necessary to implement the system will also be discussed. Illustrative examples will be used to show how the design evolved into the final system configuration which is now in use.     

平均轨道根数与密切轨道根数的互换

基于双行轨道根数和简化普适摄动算法,提出平均轨道根数与密切轨道根数的互换算法。以在轨Tan-DEM-X编队的双星为例进行仿真。与传统的只考虑J2项摄动短周期影响的转换算法相比,本文提出的互换算法精度更高：由平均轨道根数转换的密切轨道根数与STK 8软件给出的结果一致;由密切轨道根数转换的平均轨道根数与北美防空司令部公布的双行轨道根数一致。仿真结果表明该互换方法具有科学性和工程应用价值。     

开源数据库在卫星控制中心的应用研究

实现信息系统的自主、安全、可控已成为测控中心系统的研究方向和建设目标。研究应用自主可控数据库是实现测控中心系统全面自主可控的重要环节。目前,卫星控制中心的数据存储系统大多以Oracle数据库为主,软件和技术服务费用昂贵,更新维护成本高,且可能带有信息安全和任务安全方面的风险。针对上述这些问题,研究分析了开源数据库MySQL在卫星控制中心系统中应用的可行性,对MySQL数据库做了全面测试,包括功能、性能、系统级的高可用测试,以及MySQL与Oracle数据库的性能对比测试。研究和测试结果表明,MySQL开源数据库可以用于卫星控制中心系统以及类似的测控中心应用系统,对今后测控中心系统应用自主可控数据库具有参考价值和借鉴意义。     

Navstar Global Positioning System: Progress Report

All three segments of the GPS, space, control, and user equipment, are now in production. Extensive testing during Phase I and II of the program has proven that the GPS provides a quantum improvement over the capabilities of existing navigational systems and significant mission enhancement in a broad range of military operations. Production of the Block II satellites is progressing on schedule, but the space shuttle accident will delay completion of the full constellation by about two years. The Control Segment is fully operational and will transition to Space Command in 1987. The user equipment will enter production and undergo further testing during the LRIP period to ensure that service operational effectiveness and suitability requirements are met before commencing full-rate production. The GPS should be fully operational in the early 1990's and will provide a powerful force enhancer for all the military services for many years to come.     

预警卫星对战术弹道导弹预警的一种模型

建立了预警卫星系统对战术弹道导弹 ( TBM)弹道进行预警的一种数学模型 ,其中包括预警卫星系统信息库的信息模型 ;用预警卫星探测信息确定 TBM坐标的模型 ;确定 TBM发射时刻及发射点坐标的模型 ;确定关机点及对应的关机点弹道参数模型 ;计算预警弹道及落点的模型等。同时对信息库中信息模型的精度、计算发射点坐标及发射时刻模型的精度、计算关机点时刻及参数的精度进行了分析 ,得出了有一定理论意义和工程应用价值的结论     

飞行器测控通信技术发展趋势与建议

在研究国内外测控通信技术现状与发展动态的基础上,梳理出未来测控通信发展趋势：将走向综合化网络、高精度和航天器自主导航,发展光学测控通信技术,提升跟踪与数据中继能力,建设天基靶场,加强安全防护,以及设备高度综合化、数字化、软件化和低成本等;结合我国测控通信技术发展遇到的技术“瓶颈”与挑战,探讨了当前我国测控通信发展面临的主要任务：制定顶层规划,继续提升技术水平,满足新平台新任务测控需求,探索新概念与前沿技术等;最后,提出了我国测控通信重点发展方向及其关键技术的建议.     

航天测控中心系统自主可控建设的研究与思考

着眼于我国航天测控中心系统信息安全的形势要求,对系统软硬件平台自主可控技术的应用现状进行了分析,指出了当前存在的一些安全隐患问题。立足于航天测控中心系统当前发展实际,结合信息安全方面的特殊要求,从加强自主可控的顶层设计、抓好测试验证、分层推广应用等方面提出了系统自主可控建设的思路。针对自主可控建设的长期性和复杂性,从技术继承与发展、技术引进与对外合作、系统升级与安全平稳过渡等三个方面,探讨了在自主可控建设的进程中应该处理好的几个关系问题。对于当前我国航天测控中心面临的自主可控建设有一定的借鉴意义。