空间多刚体系统编队及姿态的协同综合控制

针对由多个非线性系统组成的多子系统的协同控制问题,给出了一种基于输出反馈的协同控制律的设计方法,并将其应用于空间多个刚体的编队控制和姿态的协同控制系统中,给出了空间多刚体系统编队控制及姿态协同控制问题有解的充分条件,设计了多刚体编队及姿态稳定的协同综合控制律。仿真结果表明,这种控制方法是有效的、可行的,所设计的控制器能够使整个刚体系统在空间运行过程中保持一定的队形,并且同时稳定控制描述各个刚体系统姿态的四元数。     

飞行控制律对体自由度颤振特性影响试验

飞翼飞机易发生刚体短周期模态与机翼低阶弯曲模态耦合所致的体自由度颤振。飞行控制系统对飞机的短周期模态特性影响很大,因此考虑飞行控制系统的闭环体自由度颤振特性值得进一步研究。针对自主设计的颤振模型开发了相应的俯仰姿态保持控制律,综合运用风洞试验和仿真计算开展了相关研究,获得了不同刚体自由边界条件下的开环/闭环体自由度颤振特性,研究了闭环增益对体自由度颤振特性的影响规律,简要分析了影响机理。试验和仿真计算结果共同表明：俯仰姿态保持控制律明显地改变了俯仰模态阻尼的原有走势,闭环后的体自由度颤振特性变化明显。以开环颤振速度为基准,采用较小的比例回路增益K_P或较大的微分回路增益K_D,飞行控制律能增加飞行器俯仰阻尼,提高体自由度颤振速度,反之飞行控制律将导致颤振速度降低。就本文控制律而言,当K_P<0.07或K_D>0.2时俯仰姿态保持控制律能起到抑制体自由度颤振的作用。     

实现刚体姿态系统干扰近似解耦的控制器

采用四元数法描述了刚体姿态系统。根据非线性系统干扰近似解耦问题有解的充分条件，考虑到刚体姿态系统的串联结构，利用反推法设计了能够实现刚体姿态系统干扰近似解耦的控制器。仿真结果表明，所设计的控制器对刚体姿态系统的参数摄动具有一定的鲁棒性，对系统可能受到的干扰具有较好的抑制能力。     

航天器大角度特征轴机动的指数时变滑模控制(英文)

针对刚体航天器大角度姿态机动问题,研究了具有全局鲁棒性的特征轴机动控制策略。设计了一种指数时变的滑模面和相应的姿态机动滑模控制律,控制律使系统相轨迹从初始时刻起就始终处于滑动阶段,消除了传统时不变滑模控制的到达阶段,对外界扰动及参数不确定性具有全局鲁棒性,并实现了特征轴机动;通过Lyapunov定理证明了提出控制律的稳定性及全局滑模运动的存在性;利用全局滑模运动的特点得到系统任意时刻状态的解析表达式,表明姿态误差响应无超调,系统具有良好的动态性能。进一步考虑了控制力矩饱和问题,利用力矩指令调节器在避免控制力矩饱和的同时保证特征轴机动的特点。最后通过数值仿真验证了控制律的优点。     

无人机机动轨迹跟踪系统设计

对无人机机动飞行轨迹跟踪系统的内环姿态控制律和外环轨迹跟踪控制律两部分分别进行了设计。利用非线性动态逆方法设计了内环姿态控制律。外环轨迹跟踪控制律采用逆动力学前馈加模糊反馈的控制结构,提高系统对飞行条件及期望轨迹剧烈变化时的跟踪精度。仿真结果表明,所设计的系统能够控制无人机精确跟踪指定的机动轨迹,且相对于固定增益系统具有更好的鲁棒性。     

刚体航天器姿态跟踪系统的自适应积分滑模控制

 采用自适应滑模控制(ASMC)技术进行姿态跟踪系统设计时,切换增益的整定不需要外部干扰及惯量阵不确定性的上界信息。但现有自适应滑模控制方法存在过度适应问题,产生的切换增益远大于控制所需值。为解决该问题,在自适应滑模控制框架内开展了刚体航天器姿态跟踪控制研究。首先对切换增益自适应机制进行分析,揭示了造成过度适应问题的原因。然后利用积分滑模控制的全局滑模特点,消除了初始跟踪误差对自适应过程的影响,提出了一种自适应积分滑模姿态跟踪控制方法。理论分析和仿真结果表明该方法能够有效减小切换增益。     

大机动飞机的非线性鲁棒控制律设计

采用非线性不确定系统的高增益控制建设设计方法,为某型大机动飞机在特定飞行条件下设计了鲁棒控制律,以跟踪期望的输出轨迹,并在不同飞行条件下进行了系统仿真研究。仿真结果表明,采用所设计的控制律,在不同飞行条件下,飞机均可同时完成较精确的纵向和侧向机动跟踪,说明控制律具有较好的鲁棒性。     

质量矩导弹构型及自适应控制律设计

 质量矩导弹姿态运动模型含有活动质量块的位置、速度和加速度项,是典型的带有输入非线性的快时变多体系统。从构型和控制律设计两方面入手研究该类导弹跟踪控制问题。通过对姿态动力学模型的深入分析,获得了一种使系统具备良好动态品质的构型。以此为基础,建立了仿射型姿态运动模型,利用退步方法设计了控制律;考虑到系统中存在气动参数、外界扰动和执行机构动态特性等不确定因素,设计了鲁棒自适应补偿项;最后进行数学仿真,通过与标准退步控制律进行比较,验证了该控制律的有效性。     

基于L_1自适应的超低空空投抗侧风控制律设计

针对超低空空投过程中侧风干扰与装备投放过程相耦合,影响载机飞行安全和空投任务的完成等问题,提出了基于L_1自适应的控制律设计方法。利用最优控制对系统线性部分做状态反馈并确定匹配参考模型,在此基础上,考虑系统的匹配和非匹配不确定性,设计L_1自适应控制器实现姿态保持,结合外环PID侧向轨迹控制器实现对航迹的稳定和保持。仿真结果表明,控制器具有优良的控制性能,对复杂侧风干扰和系统非线性不确定性具有很强的鲁棒性,且在高自适应增益下能有效抑制输入信号高频抖振。     

飞机飞行姿态系统控制律设计分析及仿真

飞机的飞行性能与其相关系统控制律设计密切相关.基于飞机俯仰姿态系统基本状态及工作原理,构建了飞机比例式/积分式姿态系统结构框图,对比例式/积分式控制律进行设计,分析了 2种控制律的演变思路及其优缺点.大量仿真数据显示:在比例式/积分式控制律传动比选取恰当时,飞机姿态系统品质良好,具有较好的动态和稳态性能.     

Exponential Time-varying Sliding Mode Control for Large Angle Attitude Eigenaxis Maneuver of Rigid Spacecraft

An eigenaxis maneuver strategy with global robustness is studied for large angle attitude maneuver of rigid spacecraft. A sliding mode attitude control algorithm with an exponential time-varying sliding surface is designed, which guarantees the sliding mode occurrence at the beginning and eliminates the reaching phase of time-invariant sliding mode control. The proposed control law is global robust against matched external disturbances and system uncertainties, and ensures the eigenaxis rotation in the presence of disturbances and parametric uncertainties. The stability of the control law and the existence of global siding mode are proved by Lyapunov method. Furthermore, the system states can be fully predicted by the analytical solution of state equations, which indicates that the attitude error does not exhibit any overshoots and the system has a good dynamic response. A control torque command regulator is introduced to ensure the eigenaxis rotation under the actuator saturation. Finally, a numerical simulation is employed to illustrate the advantages of the proposed control law.     

应用旋转矩阵的卫星姿态输出反馈机动控制

针对卫星姿态机动控制问题,提出一种只利用向量测量信息的无角速度反馈的输出反馈控制方法。卫星姿态的指向直接通过旋转矩阵进行描述,而不是先进行参数化过程,避免了由欧拉角、修正的罗德里格参数（MRPs）与四元数等姿态描述方式产生的奇异问题与退绕问题。首先,通过向量测量信息与一组期望姿态向量,引入一个新的姿态指向误差向量,并对其性质进行分析。其次,进一步结合主导滤波器的思想,设计了无需角速度信息的卫星姿态机动控制器,并应用Lyapunov理论,对闭环系统的全局稳定性进行了严格的证明。最后,对所提出的控制算法进行了数值仿真,其结果验证了所设计的输出反馈控制算法的可行性和有效性。     

Global magnetic attitude control of spacecraft in the presence of gravity gradient

The problem of Earth-pointing attitude control for a spacecraft with magnetic actuators is addressed and a novel approach to the problem is proposed, which guarantees almost global closed loop stability of the desired relative attitude equilibrium for the spacecraft. Precisely, a proportional derivative (PD)-like state feedback control law is employed together with a suitable adaptation mechanism for the controller gain. Simulation results are presented, which illustrate the performance of the proposed control law     

Attitude synchronization for multiple spacecraft with input constraints

The attitude synchronization problem for multiple spacecraft with input constraints is investigated in this paper. Two distributed control laws are presented and analyzed. First, by intro- ducing bounded function, a distributed asymptotically stable control law is proposed. Such a con- trol scheme can guarantee attitude synchronization and the control inputs of each spacecraft can be a priori bounded regardless of the number of its neighbors. Then, based on graph theory, homoge- neous method, and Lyapunov stability theory, a distributed finite-time control law is designed. Rig- orous proof shows that attitude synchronization of multiple spacecraft can be achieved in finite time, and the control scheme satisfies input saturation requirement. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and feasibility of the oroDosed schemes.     

基于终端滑模的航天器自适应预设性能姿态跟踪控制

针对航天器姿态跟踪控制的快速性需求,提出一类自适应终端滑模有限时间控制方法,通过引入饱和函数解决了终端滑模控制器的奇异问题,并结合实际有限时间稳定概念显式地给出了系统状态收敛时间和收敛范围之间的对应关系;为在提高系统鲁棒性的同时避免控制器抖振,设计了一种新型自适应律估计并补偿未知环境干扰。进一步地,针对如遥感卫星对地扫描成像等姿态跟踪任务中存在的状态约束问题,通过在控制器中引入具有对数形式的预设性能项,使系统滑模面响应具有期望的动态过程,约束了航天器姿态跟踪误差及其一阶导数的变化范围。仿真结果表明,设计的控制器具有较高的控制精度和响应速度,满足实际任务对状态约束的需求,且其控制输出不存在奇异和抖振,具备良好的工程应用价值。     

Decentralized adaptive sliding mode control of a space robot actuated by control moment gyroscopes

An adaptive sliding mode control(ASMC) law is proposed in decentralized scheme for trajectory tracking control of a new concept space robot.Each joint of the system is a free ball joint capable of rotating with three degrees of freedom(DOF).A cluster of control moment gyroscopes(CMGs) is mounted on each link and the base to actuate the system.The modified Rodrigues parameters(MRPs) are employed to describe the angular displacements,and the equations of motion are derived using Kane's equations.The controller for each link or the base is designed separately in decentralized scheme.The unknown disturbances,inertia parameter uncertainties and nonlinear uncertainties are classified as a ‘‘lumped" matched uncertainty with unknown upper bound,and a continuous sliding mode control(SMC) law is proposed,in which the control gain is tuned by the improved adaptation laws for the upper bound on norm of the uncertainty.A general amplification function is designed and incorporated in the adaptation laws to reduce the control error without conspicuously increasing the magnitude of the control input.Uniformly ultimate boundedness of the closed loop system is proved by Lyapunov's method.Simulation results based on a three-link system verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

Modeling and control for cooperative transport of a slung fluid container using quadrotors

In this paper, dynamic modeling and control problem for transfer of a sloshing liquid container suspended through rigid massless links from a team of quadrotors are investigated. By the proposed solution, pose of the slung container and fluid sloshing modes are stabilized appropriately. Dynamics of the container-liquid-quadrotors system is modeled by Euler-Lagrange method. Fluid slosh dynamics is included using multi-mass-spring model. According to derived model, a proper control law is designed for a system with three or more quadrotors. Implementing the proposed control law, quadrotors can control pose of the container, directions of the links and liquid sloshing modes simultaneously. Stability of closed loop system of tracking errors and sloshing modes are demonstrated using a theory of singularly perturbed systems and Lyapunov stability theorem. Also, the capability of the proposed feedback control laws in solving a formerly organized transport problem of a liquid filled container has been demonstrated in simulations. Moreover, priority of the proposed control scheme to an existing slung load controller in the literature is demonstrated.     

飞行与推力综合控制系统的设计

讨论了一种具有飞行与推力综合舰载机自动着舰控制系统的设计方法。结合国产某型收音机首先分析了基于俯仰姿态的升降速率控制系统的结构与控制规律；然后，对飞机进场功率补诉结构与控制规律进行了分析；最后，在同时考虑飞行控制系统与发动机推力补偿控制系统的条件下，对该综合系统的控制规律进行了设计与仿真，并提供了仿真结果。