Transient analysis of counterflowing jet over highly blunt cone in hypersonic flow

Understanding the characteristics of various Counterflowing jets exiting from a nose cone is crucial for determining heat load reduction and usage of this device in various conditions. Such jets can undergo several flow regimes during venting, from initial supersonic flow, to transonic, to subsonic flow regimes as the pressure of jet decreases. A bow shock wave is a characteristic flow structure during the initial stage of the jet development, and this paper focuses on the development of the bow shock wave and the jet structure behind it. The transient behavior of a sonic counterflow jet is investigated using unsteady, axisymmetric Navier–Stokes solved with SST turbulence model at free stream Mach number of 5.75. The coolant gas (Carbon Dioxide and Helium) is chosen to inject into the hypersonic air flow at the nose of the model. The gases are considered to be ideal, and the computational domain is axisymmetric. The jet structure, including the shock wave and flow separation due to an adverse pressure gradient at the nose is investigated with a focus on the differences between high diffusivity coolant jet (Helium) and low diffusivity coolant jet (CO₂) flow scenarios.     

边界层内水介质在压差驱动下沿小孔向气腔射流问题研究

对边界层内小孔气水多相流场下射流问题开展数值仿真及定常水洞试验研究,建立了适用于边界层内压差驱动下小孔向气腔射流多相流场问题研究的数值仿真计算模型,针对典型孔参数及气水流场条件,对比分析了仿真试验数据,验证了数值仿真模型的正确性及模型计算精度。结合流体质点受力及运动模型及平板边界层理论,分析了气水域压力场特征及水域流动规律对小孔射流过程的作用机理及影响规律,开展了孔参数对射流多相流场特征及射流量的影响研究。获得了小孔射流量估算方法,为航行体上防水装置设计提供数据支撑。     

四喷管射流流场的数值模拟及分析

本文分析了ENO格式的特点，并应用于全NS方程的迁移项和压力项，模拟了三维射流，首先计算了四喷管射流干扰流场，给出了相应的计算结果，指出了其四股射流外部有形成类似一股射流波系的趋势，而内部四股射流始终存在并相互作用，且伴随流对内部干扰流场有重要影响；然后计算了四股射流流入圆管内的流场，给出了壁面和截面物理量的分布，分析了其拓扑结构。     

顺逆流向喷流干扰下二体分离气动力风洞实验研究及前体轴向力特性

本文概述了具有顺，逆流向喷流干扰的二体分离气动力风洞实验技术研究。对有喷流干扰引起的前体轴向气动力特性，作了简单的介绍。最后对有顺、逆流向喷流干扰的前体底部流动模型作了定性的描绘，可供理论研究时参考。     

RBCC燃烧室超声速反应混合层特性的大涡模拟

以飞行马赫数为4.5Ma的RBCC发动机典型工作状态为研究背景,采用大涡模拟研究了支板火箭射流和空气来流形成的超声速反应混合层的掺混燃烧过程,获得了燃烧室内详细的流场结构和流动特征,分析了强射流条件下超声速反应混合层的特性。结果表明由于速度梯度的存在,火箭射流进入燃烧室后与空气来流形成环形剪切层,剪切层内丰富的旋涡结构主导火箭射流和空气来流的掺混燃烧,随着湍流能量的串级输运,化学反应过程中释放的能量将被转化成细观尺度的湍流动能,大尺度旋涡将能量传递给小尺度旋涡并最终耗散,细小尺度的旋涡一方面能够促进燃烧反应物的掺混并强化燃烧过程,另一方面会给化学反应过程带来强烈的脉动,使得局部火焰淬灭,火焰结构表现出明显的非定常性。     

Igniter jet dynamics in solid fuel ramjets

The dynamics of a two dimensional plane jet injected at the base of a step, parallel to the wall, in backward facing step flow geometry is numerically studied. The objective of this work is to gain insight into the dynamics of the igniter flow field in solid fuel ramjet motors. Solid fuel ramjets operate by ingestion of air and subsequent combustion with a solid fuel grain such as polyethylene. The system of governing equations is solved with a finite volume approach using a structured grid in which the AUSM⁺ scheme is used to calculate the convective fluxes. The Spalart and Allmaras turbulence model is used in these simulations. Experimental data have been used to validate the flow solver and turbulence model simulation results. The comparison of the numerical results and experimental data has validated the use of the adopted turbulence model for the study of this type of problem. A special attention is paid to the igniter jet exit location. It is shown that the wall jet igniter, issuing from the base of the step, drastically changes the structure of recirculating region of backward facing step flow and produces large and damaging shear stress on the fuel surface. Moving the igniter jet exit location to the top of the backward facing step changes the flow field favorably, by reducing the fuel surface shear stress by an order of magnitude and maintaining the recirculating region behind the step, which can provide proper residence time for the fuel–air mixture chemical reactions.     

基于等效理论的RQL燃烧室掺混特性研究

采用RNG k-ε湍流模型对RQL（rich—burn／quick—quench／lean—burn）燃烧室内气流的掺混过程进行了数值模拟,运用等效思想,通过对混合流场内部温度、近壁区温度以及出口温度的分析,讨论不同掺混角度和掺混射流速度对RQL燃烧室混合特性的影响,进而了解RQL燃烧室工作时热流流场的结构状况。研究结果表明,不同的掺混气流入射角度和速度,对RQL燃烧室内气流掺混的高温区位置、壁面温度以及出口温度分布的影响明显。     

发动机喷流对飞行器底部流动影响数值模拟

针对发动机燃气喷流对底部流动的影响开展研究。建立冷喷与热喷计算方法,与经典的高压空气尾喷管喷流试验数据进行了对比,验证了本文建立的三维喷流方法的可靠性。对本文选用的飞行器外形采用冷喷与热喷方法开展了对比计算并与飞行试验值进行比较,分析了两种方法结果的差异。采用热喷方法对来流马赫数 2.5 ,不同飞行高度及喷管进口总压开展计算,研究飞行高度及喷管进口总压对发动机喷流及底部流场的影响。结果表明,保持飞行高度、来流马赫数不变,喷管进口总压增加,底部压力系数逐渐提高。燃气质量浓度最大值位于底部空腔的壁面处,且保持一个恒定值。保持喷管进口总压、来流马赫数不变,飞行高度增加,喷流高速区向后移动且中心区最大马赫数增加。在一定飞行高度下,底部压力系数由负转正,即飞行器底部会出现正推力,这对飞行器的射程会产生重要影响,需要提前评估。     

发动机尾焰注水降温数值计算与试验研究

针对火箭发动机尾焰注水流场,组织并实施了火箭发动机系留点火及燃气流场注水降温缩比试验,研究了燃气冲击射流流场和注水作用下两相流场的分布状态以及降温效果。并通过研究在高温高速对流冲击作用下气液两相流的传热和传质理论,在Mixture多相流模型的基础上添加质量和能量源项,建立了多组分气液两相流非定常数值计算模型,通过对比试验结论,结果表明：所建立的数值计算模型具有较高的计算精度和可靠性,能够准确地反映物理现象。利用数值计算模型研究了注水后燃气、液态水和水蒸气三种主要组分在流场中的组成,通过与自由射流对比得到了注水燃气流场的包络线长度与宽度变化,注水对燃气流场降温效果显著。     

有限空间轴对称射流流场的数值模拟

本文在к－ε紊流模型下，采用罚有限元法对有限空间轴对称射流流场进行数值模拟。引用罚函数优化迎风格式和退化积分，建立有限元解法的数值矩阵，在不同截面上求得工，压力和紊流参数分布，计算结果与实验数据十分接近。本文研究结果可应用于火箭发动机的喷射设计和射流量论的研究。