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《上海航天》2015,32(6)
对分离模块化航天器系统评估和优化设计进行了研究。定义分离模块航天器的成本与价值,建立成本模型、价值模型和不确定性模型。考虑模块的物理约束、功能约束和用户需求对功能组件进行模块设计,并在发射运载能力内制定航天器的模块组合发射方案。按航天器生命周期流程对生命周期的模块研制、发射运载、在轨操控三个阶段中考虑不确定性因素影响的风险成本和功能模块的价值收益进行计算,得到分离模块航天器生命周期内的总成本、总价值收益和净现值(NPV)。用蒙特卡罗方法分析不同不确定性因素的分离模块航天器的成本与价值分布。设定优化目标和优化条件,用遗传算法优化分离模块航天器设计方案,提高分离模块航天器的投入产出比。 相似文献
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针对运载火箭突发推力故障且故障存在不确定性的轨迹设计问题,提出了一种基于状态转移张量法(STT)的故障火箭轨迹可达包络分析方法。首先,建立了推力故障火箭的运动模型,通过构建故障火箭轨迹重规划问题,基于序列二次规划法获得了不考虑故障不确定性的重规划轨迹; 其次,基于线性协方差对非线性系统的不确定性传播进行建模,并对模型进行线性化,在此基础上提出了基于SST的运载火箭轨迹可达包络分析方法; 最后,通过与多次蒙特卡洛仿真对比验证所提方法在运载火箭轨迹可达包络定量分析中的有效性。 相似文献
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针对分离模块航天器系统优化中存在计算量大、算法复杂度高的问题,提出了一种基于分层的分离模块航天器系统优化方法。该方法将系统优化问题分解为三个层次进行,顶层规划模块数和轨道高度,中间层优化组件配置,底层优化运载发射方案。其中顶层嵌套调用中间层,中间层嵌套调用底层,底层直接计算求解最优运载发射方案,避免了直接基于分离模块航天器全寿命周期仿真来优化运载发射方案。应用该方法对虚拟对地遥感分离模块航天器进行优化,结果表明,优化过程简单,计算量小,算法复杂度低,优化效果显著。 相似文献
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针对故障卫星、失效航天器、空间碎片等空间非合作目标无先验模型,且无法直接获得其角速度及惯量参数等问题,提出一种参数化非合作目标相对位姿和惯量参数估计方法。首先,基于自由航天器姿态动力学模型,用反双曲正切函数来描述含两个独立变量的惯量参数,建立非合作目标角速度传播模型方程;基于立体视觉测量模型,建立非合作目标上若干特征点的量测方程。然后,结合Clohessy-Wiltshire方程描述的航天器间相对运动学模型,以非合作目标的相对位置、相对线速度、相对姿态、惯性角速度及惯量参数为状态量,设计扩展卡尔曼滤波器以估计各状态量。最后,进行不同场景的数值仿真验证。蒙特卡洛仿真结果表明,所设计的滤波器在不同噪声水平下能够高精度地有效估计出非合作目标的相对位姿和惯量参数。 相似文献
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To assess the on-orbit servicing (OOS) paradigm and optimize its utilities by taking advantage of its inherent flexibility and responsiveness, the OOS system assessment and optimization methods based on lifecycle simulation under uncertainties are studied. The uncertainty sources considered in this paper include both the aleatory (random launch/OOS operation failure and on-orbit component failure) and the epistemic (the unknown trend of the end-used market price) types. Firstly, the lifecycle simulation under uncertainties is discussed. The chronological flowchart is presented. The cost and benefit models are established, and the uncertainties thereof are modeled. The dynamic programming method to make optimal decision in face of the uncertain events is introduced. Secondly, the method to analyze the propagation effects of the uncertainties on the OOS utilities is studied. With combined probability and evidence theory, a Monte Carlo lifecycle Simulation based Unified Uncertainty Analysis (MCS-UUA) approach is proposed, based on which the OOS utility assessment tool under mixed uncertainties is developed. Thirdly, to further optimize the OOS system under mixed uncertainties, the reliability-based optimization (RBO) method is studied. To alleviate the computational burden of the traditional RBO method which involves nested optimum search and uncertainty analysis, the framework of Sequential Optimization and Mixed Uncertainty Analysis (SOMUA) is employed to integrate MCS-UUA, and the RBO algorithm SOMUA-MCS is developed. Fourthly, a case study on the OOS system for a hypothetical GEO commercial communication satellite is investigated with the proposed assessment tool. Furthermore, the OOS system is optimized with SOMUA-MCS. Lastly, some conclusions are given and future research prospects are highlighted. 相似文献
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针对航天器轨道偏差传播问题,提出一种高斯和模型与状态转移张量结合的预报方法。该方法使用多个子高斯分布加权拟合状态偏差分布,再以高阶状态转移张量分别预报每个子高斯分布,以捕获偏差分布的非高斯性,减小预报误差。将其应用到航天器二体轨道问题中,对比分析不同方法的预报结果。仿真结果表明,该方法可以逼近Monte Carlo仿真的预报精度,并显著提高计算效率,对长时间预报问题,效率提高可达数十倍。该方法面向一般的非线性系统状态偏差预报问题,尤其在长时间仿真预报时兼具很好的精度和计算效率。 相似文献
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针对航天器投影面积的计算问题,借鉴统计学中Monte Carlo技术的思想,结合计算几何学中基本的射线与三角形相交理论,提出一种鲁棒性和通用性都较好的计算复杂外形航天器沿任意方向投影面积的Monte Carlo方法,详细给出方法实现过程,采用共享存储模式实现了方法的并行化,以充分利用当前高性能计算领域主流的多核处理器技术。以投影面积存在解析解的单面圆形平板和欧洲空间局SAMSON小卫星在典型姿态下的投影面积验证了方法的可靠性以及对复杂工程外形的适用性。该方法可应用于SAMSON和GOCE卫星大量姿态下投影面积的计算,分析赤纬和赤经对投影面积的影响,为卫星的姿态和轨道控制提供输入参数。 相似文献
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针对地球中高轨道卫星导航信号不可用或不可信赖情况下的航天器编队自主相对导航问题,提出一种基于星载数据链仅测距的航天器相对导航新方法。首先,在地球非球形J2引力摄动条件下建立适用于椭圆轨道的线性化相对运动动力学模型,并建立基于星载数据链的飞行时间测距模型。然后,通过理论推导与数值仿真结合的方式对建立的仅测距相对导航系统进行可观测性分析,得出至少存在三种镜像模糊轨道的结论。接着,建立可用于提升系统可观测性的几何拓扑一致性约束模型,设计基于一致性无味卡尔曼滤波的分布式估计策略,并研究对应的相对导航误差传播规律。最后,通过标准蒙特卡洛打靶对所提算法进行仿真校验。仿真结果表明,相比于Tschauner Hempel(TH)动力学模型,利用建立的J2摄动相对运动动力学模型设计的仅测距相对导航系统能达到更高的相对导航精度,一致性无味卡尔曼滤波算法也能够有效提高编队导航的可观测性。 相似文献
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传统的卫星成本预测模型预测结果单一,未考虑相应的不确定性因素。对此,提出了基于蒙特卡洛方法的卫星成本预测模型。该模型综合考虑了卫星成本技术的不确定性并给出了预测值的区间范围和概率分布。为了降低应用该模型所产生的误差,提出了最优分层抽样的方法,并通过划分分层区间提高了抽样的效率。最后,将收集到的相关数据代人该模型,其结果精度大约提高了10%左右。可见,使用优化的蒙特卡洛方法进行卫星成本预测具有较好的精确度。 相似文献
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Very Large Space Structures (VLSS) are challenging systems to be controlled, due to their high flexibility. In particular, rapid attitude maneuvers can determine great oscillations on the flexible elements of a spacecraft (solar wings, antennas, booms). On account of this, in the last decades many researchers have developed different strategies to effectively damp the elastic vibrations by means of active vibration devices (such as piezo-electric patches) or by means of robust control algorithms. The approach suggested in this paper is different, since neither additional devices nor complex control laws are introduced. In fact, the complete model of the system (including rigid, elastic and orbital dynamics, coupled with control actions) is controlled by the non-linear attitude controller named state dependent Riccati equation, which will be based on a simplified version of the spacecraft model. The task to reduce the mutual interaction between rigid attitude and flexible dynamics is entirely transferred to a modification of the desired trajectory that must be tracked. This command shaping technique is based on the knowledge of the parameters (inertial and elastics) of the VLSS. Unfortunately these parameters are not always exactly known and, however, they may change over the time. On account of this a Monte Carlo analysis has been also performed, showing the robustness of the proposed control strategy to the structural uncertainties. The numerical simulations prove that this strategy, based on the joint application of two well-known yet simple techniques, produces accurate and robust results. 相似文献
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飞行器复杂外结构的环境热流计算方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了一种通用的、适合飞行器复杂外结构环境热流的计算方法。采用由环境映射面组成的封闭结构对空间飞行器进行包覆,根据飞行器的轨道特征及瞬时位置,确定映射面上环境热流的大小及方向。在映射封闭结构与飞行器表面组成的辐射换热系统中,通过蒙特卡罗法结合设备表面的镜、漫反射特性,计算环境映射面到各设备表面的辐射传递因子,进而获得在轨飞行器不同位置的瞬时环境热流。计算中考虑了结构表面间的遮挡及多次反射问题,解决了空间飞行器因设备众多、尺寸差异大、表面辐射特性不同等给热流计算带来的困难,并为后期的热分析计算提供精确数据。
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基于由蒙特卡罗估计和遗传算法构成的随机鲁棒设计方法和全状态可测量的反舰导弹过载控制模型 ,提出了一种实用有效的随机鲁棒过载控制方法。由于是对直接依据系统鲁棒稳定性和鲁棒性能指标要求建立的随机鲁棒函数进行优化设计 ,所以该方法实质上是一种面向工程应用的综合设计方法。通过对某型反舰导弹的全弹道六自由度非线性时变控制系统的仿真 ,验证了该方法的有效性。 相似文献
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Failure of a single component on-board a spacecraft can compromise the integrity of the whole system and put its entire capability and value at risk. Part of this fragility is intrinsic to the current dominant design of space systems, which is mainly a single, large, monolithic system. The space industry has therefore recently proposed a new architectural concept termed fractionation, or co-located space-based network (SBN). By physically distributing functions in multiple orbiting modules wirelessly connected, this architecture allows the sharing of resources on-orbit (e.g., data processing, downlinks). It has been argued that SBNs could offer significant advantages over the traditional monolithic architecture as a result of the network structure and the separation of sources of risk in the spacecraft. Careful quantitative analyses are still required to identify the conditions under which SBNs can “outperform” monolithic spacecraft. In this work, we develop Markov models of module failures and replacement to quantitatively compare the lifecycle cost and utility of both architectures. We run Monte-Carlo simulations of the models, and discuss important trends and invariants. We then investigate the impact of our model parameters on the existence of regions in the design space in which SBNs “outperform” the monolith spacecraft on a cost, utility, and utility per unit cost basis. Beyond the life of one single spacecraft, this paper compares the cost and utility implications of maintaining each architecture type through successive replacements. 相似文献