Sensorless synchronous reluctance drive with standstill starting

This paper presents a novel sensorless synchronous reluctance drive system. Based on the dynamic model of the synchronous reluctance motor (SRM), a new rotor position estimator is proposed. This estimator is only related to the rate change of the stator currents. It is not related to the parameters, speed, voltage, and external load of the motor. As a result, the estimator is simple and robust. Based on the proposed estimator, a sensorless synchronous reluctance drive has been implemented. This drive system can start from standstill and accelerate to a rated speed; the traditional open-loop starting method, therefore, is unnecessary. A digital signal processor, TMS-320-C30, is used to implement the estimating and control algorithms. Experimental results show that the proposed system works well. The adjustable speed range can be from 1 r/min to 1800 r/min. Moreover, by adding the position-loop controller the proposed system can perform as a position control drive as well. Several experimental results validate the theoretical analysis.     

Nonlinear controller design for switched reluctance drive systems

A nonlinear speed-loop controller for a switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive system is proposed. The details of the controller design and analysis are discussed. In addition, to extend the controllable speed range, the commutating angle of the drive system is suitably adjusted as the motor speed goes beyond base-speed. By using a 32-bit microprocessor, a fully digital drive system including a digital speed-loop controller and a digital current-loop controller is implemented here. The hardware circuit of the drive system is very simple. The system has satisfactory performance in both the pulsewidth modulated (PWM) region and the single pulse region. The adjustable speed range of the system is from 10 r/min to 3000 r/min. In addition, the proposed drive system performs well in tracking ability, load disturbance rejection capability, and robustness. Several experimental results are presented to validate the theoretic analysis.     

Robust speed sensorless induction motor drive

A speed sensorless induction motor (IM) drive with robust control characteristics is introduced. First, a speed observation system, which is insensitive to the variations of motor parameters, is derived based on the concept of sliding mode. Next, an integral-proportional (IP) speed controller using the estimated speed signal is designed to stabilize the speed loop. Then, to preserve the robust control performance under parameter variations and external load disturbance, an adaptive uncertainty observer with feedforward control is proposed. The adaptive uncertainty observer is implemented to estimate the lump of uncertainty of the controlled plant. To increase the accuracy of the estimated values, the speed observation system is implemented using a digital signal processor (DSP) with a high sampling rate     

An adaptive controller for current-fed induction motor

A model reference speed adaptive controller for a current-fed induction motor drive is proposed. It uses a proportional-plus-integral (PI) adaptation to satisfy the hyperstability condition for taking care of the load and machine parameter changes of the drive. The available information on the states and output of the reference model as well as the plant output are all that are required for the control; no explicit parameter identification is needed. The controller can be designed by using a reduced reference model to simplify the design without much degradation of the performance, so that it is relatively easy to implement practically     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的永磁同步电机无电流传感器预测控制

针对永磁同步电机(PMSM)因过电压、过电流及误操作等容易造成电流传感器故障,影响PMSM的控制精度的问题,提出一种基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的PMSM无电流传感器预测控制算法。对于PMSM,通常需要两个电流传感器来采集定子电流信息,所提方法通过扩展卡尔曼滤波估计定子电流代替电流传感器。通过基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的PMSM无电流传感器预测控制算法与常规有电流传感器在线变速和变载仿真对比得到,所提方法具有和有电流传感器相同的控制性能。参数鲁棒性仿真表明,所提方法具有较强的参数鲁棒性,能够满足实际控制需要。     

基于新型变速趋近律的永磁同步电机滑模控制

为了改善永磁同步电机(PMSM)调速系统的动态品质,提出了一种基于变速趋近律方法的PMSM滑模速度控制策略。为了提高传统指数趋近律的收敛速度和消除系统抖阵现象的影响,在传统指数趋近律的基础上提出了一种新型变速趋近律方法,并应用该方法设计了一种PMSM调速系统的滑模速度控制器。通过仿真和试验结果对比分析,证明该算法不仅改善了系统的鲁棒性能,同时改善了系统的动态响应速度。     

Design and implementation of a sensorless switched reluctance drivesystem

This paper presents a new sensorless switched reluctance drive system. The drive system can perform well when the system is operated in the pulse-width modulated (PWM) region. By suitably shaping an induced voltage in an inactive phase which is adjacent to an energized phase of a switched reluctance motor (SRM), the shaft position of the rotor can be easily obtained. As a result, the position sensor can be eliminated. First, the theoretical analysis of the proposed method is presented. By systematic theoretical analysis, a voltage signal which can easily estimate the shaft position of the motor is derived. This signal is only related to the input dc voltage of the converter, and the self and mutual inductances of the motor. Then, a new method to measure the self and mutual inductances of the SRM is proposed. After that, the design for a simple circuit which can synthesize the required voltage signal for rotor position estimation is presented. Next, how a 32-bit microprocessor system is used to execute the position and speed estimation, speed-loop control, and current-commands generation is shown. A closed-loop drive system is thus achieved. Several simulated and experimental results validate the theoretical analysis. A new direction in the design and implementation of a sensorless switched reluctance drive system is presented     

Adaptive controller design for a linear motor control system

Three different adaptive controllers for a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) position-control system are proposed. The proposed controllers include: a backstepping adaptive controller, a self-tuning adaptive controller, and a model reference adaptive controller. The detailed systematic controller design procedures are discussed. A PC-based position control system is implemented. Several experimental results including transient responses, load disturbance responses, and tracking responses of square-wave, sinusoidal-wave, and triangular-wave commands are discussed and compared. The proposed system has a good robustness performance even though the inertia of the system is increased to 10 times. The experimental results validate the theoretical analysis.     

改进型滑模变结构电机控制的脉振电流注入法研究

为了提高永磁同步电机无位置传感器技术的控制性能,在电机动态品质优化的研究中,以滑模变结构控制器替代传统的PI控制器,采用新型趋近律函数改进滑模控制器的输出模型,削弱了传统滑模控制存在的抖振,提高了控制系统的抗干扰能力。在分析无位置传感器技术时,引入高通谐振滤波器,采用具备以高信噪比为特点的两相静止坐标系下高频脉振电流注入法。仿真结果表明,在带高通谐振滤波器的高频脉振电流注入法中运用滑模变结构控制器,提高了转子位置估计的精度,增强了控制系统的鲁棒性。     

一种新型的内置式永磁同步电机无位置传感器控制策略

针对内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)在低速域运行时模型参考自适应观测器对电机参数变化敏感、位置检测精度低以及鲁棒性差等缺点,提出了通过利用电机本体的参考模型和相应可调模型的差值构造滑模面,取代了传统模型参考自适应观测器中采用PI调节器作为自适应机构的做法,并且采用模糊控制器自适应调整滑模增益以抑制滑模运动的抖振。在MATLAB/Simulink环境下搭建了仿真模型。仿真表明:在外部扰动以及电机参数变化时,估计转速和转子位置均能跟踪到实际的转速和转子位置。     

基于积分滑模控制的对称六相永磁同步电机调速系统研究

为了提高对称六相永磁同步电机对参数变化和负载扰动的鲁棒性,在积分滑模面的基础上,提出一种基于积分滑模控制算法的对称六相永磁同步电机调速系统。通过Lyapunov定理证明了积分滑模控制器的稳定性,并进一步分析了控制器的性能。仿真结果表明:相比于PI控制算法,所提算法具有更好的抗干扰能力和稳定性。     

Start-up current adaptive control for sensorless high-speed brushless DC motors based on inverse system method and internal mode controller

The start-up current control of the high-speed brushless DC (HS-BLDC) motor is a chal-lenging research topic. To effectively control the start-up current of the sensorless HS-BLDC motor, an adaptive control method is proposed based on the adaptive neural network (ANN) inverse system and the two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) internal model controller (IMC). The HS-BLDC motor is identified by the online least squares support vector machine (OLS-SVM) algo-rithm to regulate the ANN inverse controller parameters in real time. A pseudo linear system is developed by introducing the constructed real-time inverse system into the original HS-BLDC motor system. Based on the characteristics of the pseudo linear system, an extra closed-loop feed-back control strategy based on the 2-DOF IMC is proposed to improve the transient response per-formance and enhance the stability of the control system. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed control method is effective and perfect start-up current tracking perfor-mance is achieved.     

基于扩张状态观测器的DGMSCMG框架伺服系统振动抑制方法

针对带有谐波减速器的双框架磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺(DGMSCMG)框架系统存在较低频率谐振点的问题,提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)振动抑制的控制方法。在谐波减速器的输入端和输出端分别设计三阶扩张状态观测器,通过电机及负载端的角位置信号不但能够估计电机和负载的角速率,而且可以比较准确地估计到扭转刚度的非线性变化及外部扰动力矩引起的综合扰动,通过反馈及前馈补偿对综合扰动进行抑制。设计的基于扩张状态观测器的控制器抑制了框架伺服系统的振动、提高了框架的速率输出精度。仿真及实验结果表明了该控制算法是有效的并具有较强的鲁棒性。     

Design and implementation for a digital synchronous reluctancedrive

A systematic controller design for a synchronous reluctance drive system is presented. This controller consists of two parts: a forward-loop H^∞ controller to improve the transient response, and a load compensator to reduce the load disturbance. Based on a simplified model of the drive system, a control algorithm has been derived. Detailed analysis of the characteristics of the closed-loop system is presented. The effects of the parameter variations are also studied. A digital signal processor, TMS-320-C30, is used to implement the control algorithm. Both the speed control and the position control of the drive system can be implemented by using the proposed control method. Furthermore, all the control loops are executed by the digital signal processor. The system, as a result, is very flexible. The whole drive system performs well although its hardware is very simple. For speed control, the system can be operated at a speed as low as 1 r/min. For position control, the system can accurately control a one-axis table. In addition, the system also has good position tracking ability. Several experimental waveforms validate the simulated results     

Output Power Controller for a Wind-Driven Induction Generator

A constant stator power output controller for a wind-driven grid-connected induction generator is described. The load torque of the generator is controlled by varying the rotor resistance electronically. A dynamic model for the wind energy conversion system is proposed for both controlled and uncontrolled operation.The model is then used to predict the changes in shaft speed,turbine torque, and stator power output in response to change in wind speed. Data pertaining to a 60 kW commercial wind turbine generator is used in this investigation. Results based on analog computer simulation demonstrate the feasibility of the controller for scheduling a desired power output from the induction generator.Results of the tests on a laboratory induction generator driven by amicrocomputer-controlled dc motor drive simulating the characteristics of the wind turbine are included.     

Adaptive recurrent-neural-network control for linear inductionmotor

In this study an adaptive recurrent-neural-network controller (ARNNC) is proposed to control a linear induction motor (LIM) servo drive. First, the secondary flux of the LIM is estimated with an adaptive flux observer on the stationary reference frame and the feedback linearization theory is used to decouple the thrust force and the flux amplitude of the LIM. Then, an ARNNC is proposed to control the mover of the LIM for periodic motion. In the proposed controller, the LIM servo drive system is identified by a recurrent-neural-network identifier (RNNI) to provide the sensitivity information of the drive system to an adaptive controller. The backpropagation algorithm is used to train the RNNI on line. Moreover, to guarantee the convergence of identification and tracking errors, analytical methods based on a discrete-type Lyapunov function are proposed to determine the varied learning rates of the RNNI and the optimal learning rate of the adaptive controller. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is verified by both the simulated and experimental results. Furthermore, the advantages of the proposed control system are indicated in comparison with the sliding mode control system     

Adaptive control for a sensorless permanent-magnet synchronousmotor drive

An adaptive velocity controller for a permanent-magnet synchronous motor without using shaft sensor is presented. Two line-to-line voltages and two stator currents are sensed to produce the flux position. The design part is concerned with the formulation of control algorithm for current-regulated pulsewidth modulated inverter and vector control strategy for speed loop. Under the vector control framework, self-tuning, model following, and model referencing adaptive control are applied to design for the speed-loop controllers. The implementational part integrates the control of current and speed loop using microprocessor-based controllers. Experimental case studies that correlate simulation and measurement results are provided. The experimental results validate the theoretical development. A new approach for designing advanced adaptive controller for a sensorless ac drive is provided     

Novel sliding mode controller for synchronous motor drive

A novel sliding mode controller with an integral-operation switching surface is proposed. Furthermore, an adaptive sliding mode controller is investigated, in which a simple adaptive algorithm is utilized to estimate the bound of uncertainties. The position control for a permanent magnet (PM) synchronous servo motor drive using the proposed control strategies is illustrated. The theoretical analysis and the theorems for the proposed sliding mode controllers are described in detail. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed controllers provide high-performance dynamic characteristics and are robust with regard to plant parameter variations and external load disturbance     

基于Lyapunov函数的永磁同步电机速度控制器设计

传统的PI 速度控制器具有速度超调、动态时间长、跟踪精度低、抗负载转矩扰动能力和恢复能力差等缺点。提出了利用永磁同步电机(PMSM)的运动方程和转矩方程推导出控制系统q轴电流给定量,基于Lyapunov稳定性条件设计出的一种PMSM速度控制器。相比于传统的PI速度控制器,该控制器没有速度超调量、动态时间短、跟踪精度高,抗负载扰动能力和恢复能力有一定的提高。利用 MATLAB/Simulink仿真软件,搭建控制系统模型并进行仿真分析。仿真验证了提出的PMSM速度控制器的有效性,获得了很好的速度控制性能。     

基于改进滑模速度控制器的永磁直线同步电机直接推力控制

针对永磁直线同步电机(PMLSM)直接推力控制中存在的超调量大、抗负载扰动能力差、响应速度慢等问题,提出了一种改进的滑模控制速度调节器。该算法中滑模控制趋近律的设计在等速趋近律的基础上引入加权积分型增益的趋近律,能有效避免系统不在滑动模态阶段时切换增益的增大。仿真结果表明:与传统PI速度控制相比,采用改进后的滑模速度控制器应用在PMLSM直接推力控制系统中,系统速度在负载变化时的响应时间缩短、抗扰动能力明显提升,增强了PMLSM推力响应的抗扰动性能。