非球面曲面光学零件超精密车削工艺研究

介绍了用金刚石单点车削(SPDT)的方法在"Nanosys--300非球面曲面超精密复合加工系统"数控机 床上加工非球面曲面类光学零件时对加工工艺的要求。     

多光谱CVD硫化锌材料的磨削去除机理

为了探究红外光学材料多光谱CVD硫化锌的磨削加工去除机理,对抛光后的多光谱CVD硫化锌材料进行显微压痕和金刚石单颗粒刻划实验研究,并采用金刚石砂轮对材料进行磨削加工。实验研究表明,多光谱CVD硫化锌材料在机械去除过程中出现了弹性和塑性变形现象,萌生的裂纹和破碎主要沿晶界、刻划方向、磨削纹理方向扩展,小的压力可抑制裂纹的萌生和扩展,采用尖头金刚石颗粒可获得破碎和裂纹更少的表面,采用垂直磨削法,磨削后形成了自中心至外缘呈周期性、散射状的磨削纹理。本研究可为多光谱CVD硫化锌红外透镜的精密、超精密加工提供技术依据。     

非球面加工先进技术

较系统的介绍了非球面零件超精密加工各方面的技术，并结合正研制的 Nanosystem300非球面复合加工系统，着重强调了非球面机床研制过程中应注意的问题。     

基于刀具摆动进给的非球面加工形貌仿真

本文以设计的基于刀具摆动进给的非球面加工机床为基础,建立非球面加工形貌仿真模型。以抛物面零件为实例,进行非球面的加工仿真。仿真结果表明,摆轴的仰角误差是影响加工表面的面形精度的重要因素,而其对表面的粗糙度的影响不大。     

精密加工中非球面工件面形精度的在机测量

用一个由恒微测力并经精确校准的气浮LVDT传感器和相应软硬件组成的测量系统对非球面加工工件表面进行在机测量。用测得的数据进行曲线拟合,并与刀具的实际编程轨迹相比较。经计算机处理后,将补偿信息反馈到数控系统,并将得到的工件面形精度测量结果以图形的方式显示在显示器上。     

Cutting path-dependent machinability of SiCp/Al composite under multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting

Particle-tool interactions, which govern the synergetic deformation of SiC particle reinforced Al matrix composites under mechanical machining, strongly depend on the geometry of particle position residing on cutting path. In the present work, we investigate the influence of cutting path on the machinability of a SiCp/Al composite in multi-step ultra-precision diamond cutting by combining finite element simulations with experimental observations and characterization. Be consistent with experimentally characterized microstructures, the simulated SiCp/Al composite is considered to be composed of randomly distributed polygonally-shaped SiC particles with a volume fraction of 25vol%. A multi-step cutting strategy with depths of cut ranging from 2 to 10 μm is adopted to achieve an ultimate depth of cut of 10 μm. Intrinsic material parameters and extrinsic cutting conditions utilized in finite element simulations of SiCp/Al cutting are consistent with those used in corresponding experiments. Simulation results reveal different particle-tool interactions and failure modes of SiC particles, as well as their correlations with machining force evolution, residual stress distribution and machined surface topography. A detailed comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental data of multi-step diamond cutting of SiCp/Al composite reveals a substantial impact of the number of cutting steps on particle-tool interactions and machined surface quality. These findings provide guidelines for achieving high surface finish of SiCp/Al composites by ultra-precision diamond cutting.     

微结构表面超精密加工中切削条件的影响分析

介绍了微结构功能表面加工中的问题,以同轴调制锯齿波微结构的金刚石超精密加工为例阐述了其加工原理,结合试验对刀具刀尖圆弧半径、被加工材料和切削液等切削条件与金刚石超精密切削加工后的微结构功能表面之间的关系进行了分析与讨论,并对主轴转速和刀具进给速度等切削用量与金刚石超精密切削出的微结构功能表面之间的关系进行了分析与讨论.     

非球面研磨阶段检测技术的优化

研磨阶段非球面的面形误差将由几十微米收敛到几个微米,适当的测量方法决定了该阶段误差的收敛速度和精度,而非圆对称离轴非球面加工研磨阶段的检测无疑更具难度。本文基于双四阶B样条函数的概念,提出了NURBS曲面拟合模型并用于指导非球面的研磨,同时给出应用实例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace, national defense, energy and precision physical experiments. However, the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools. In this paper, an elliptical vibration cutting (EVC) with active cutting edge shift (ACES) based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool. Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge, the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed. Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted. The evolutions of the surface roughness, surface topography, and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed. The reasonable parameters of ultra-precision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined. It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography. The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge, so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed. A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter ∅240 mm, height 122 mm, and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method, and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2 μm and Ra less than 50 nm, respectively.     

机床振动对高精度金刚石刀具研磨质量的影响

研磨机床的振动是影响金刚石刀具机械研磨质量的重要因素,尤其在精密研磨工序。为了提高金刚石刀具的研磨质量,针对金刚石刀具的精密研磨工序,在研磨加工时对机床施加空气隔振垫,使研磨的金刚石刀具切削刃钝圆半径从隔振前的93.8nm降到了隔振后的72.7nm,前刀面表面粗糙度则从2.4nm降到了1.0nm,研磨质量得到明显改善。     

小型非球面光学元件测量技术研究

非球面光学元件应用越来越广泛,其测量技术非常关键.本文研究了小型非球面光学元件的各种面形测量方法,针对其测量原理进行了分类和对比,对其优缺点和适用范围进行了讨论,同时分析了各种测量方法实现的关键技术和面临的挑战.     

回转复杂曲面零件在线精密测量技术

针对复杂曲面零件的面形测量难题,提出以超精密机床作为栽体,利用高精度触发式测头,采用接触式的轮廓测量方法,检测曲面零件的子午面曲线,再与理论曲线相比较得出被测零件的面形精度.测量试验分析表明:该测量方法的检测精度高,通用性强,在实际加工和检测应用中具有很高的实用价值和应用前景.     

基于普通车床的微V型槽飞切装置分析与设计

通过对飞刀轴的强度、刚度和振动模态的分析,设计制作了基于普通车床的飞切装置.并采用PCD成形车刀在铝材料上进行了飞切加工V型槽的实验.测试结果证明了该飞切装置的可用性,为生产实践提供了必要的技术参考与装备,并为进一步分析飞切理论打下了基础.     

高陡度光学非球面高效制造的探讨

分析了计算机控制光学表面成形法、计算机控制应力盘抛光、磁流变抛光制造光学非球面元件的几项先进技术,探讨了光学元件的高速、高效加工,提出了高陡度光学非球面的固着磨料研磨加工。     

氩气保护条件下钎焊单层金刚石砂轮的研究

 利用氩气作为保护气体,以 Ni-Cr合金粉末做钎料,适当控制钎焊温度、保温时间和冷却速度,实现了金刚石与钢基体的牢固的化学冶金结合。利用扫描电镜和 X射线能谱,结合 X射线衍射结构分析,发现在钎焊过程中 Ni-Cr合金中的 Cr元素分离在金刚石界面形成富 Cr层并与金刚石表面的 C元素反应生成Cr₃C₂ 和 Cr₇C₃,在钢基体结合界面上 Ni-Cr合金和钢基体中的元素相互扩散形成冶金结合,这是实现合金层与金刚石及钢基体之间都有较高结合强度的主要因素。并通过重负荷磨削实验进行验证取得较好的结果。     

激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮磨削氧化铝工艺

为了研究砂轮表面结构化对砂轮磨削性能的影响,利用脉冲激光对树脂结合剂金刚石砂轮进行了表面宏观结构化。采用6种不同类型的金刚石砂轮表面宏观结构进行了氧化铝的磨削实验,建立了激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮的磨削力模型,比较了6种不同激光宏观结构化金刚石砂轮与非结构化砂轮在不同磨削参数下磨削力的差异,分析了砂轮制造后的表面形貌与结构化砂轮的磨损特性。实验结果表明,砂轮宏观结构化对磨削性能有很大影响,激光宏观结构化砂轮的磨削力可以减小2. 5%~24. 5%,砂轮结构化后的表面形貌出现石墨化现象;宏观结构化砂轮沟槽边缘磨损加剧,但沟槽磨损并没有明显加快宏观结构化砂轮的磨损。     

Tool Life and Surface Integrity in High-speed Milling of Titanium Alloy TA15 with PCD/PCBN Tools

Titanium alloys are widely used in aeronautics that demand a good combination of high strength, good corrosion resistance and low mass. The mechanical properties lead to challenges in machining operations such as high process temperature as well as rapidly increasing tool wear. The conventional tool materials are not able to maintain their hardness and other mechanical properties at higher cutting temperatures encountered in high speed machining. In this work, the new material tools, which are polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PCBN) tools, are used in high-speed milling of Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V (TA15) alloy. The performance and wear mechanism of the tools are investigated. Compared to PCBN tool, PCD tool has a much longer tool life, especially at higher cutting speeds. Analyses based on the SEM and EDX suggest that attrition, adhesion and diffusion are the main wear mechanisms of PCD and PCBN tools in high-speed milling of TA15. Oxidation wear is also observed at PCBN tool/workpiece interface. Roughness, defects, micro-hardness and microstructure of the machined surface are investigated. The recorded surface roughness values with PCD/PCBN tools are bellow 0.3 μm at initial and steady cutting stage. Micro-hardness analysis shows that the machined surface hardening depth with PCD and PCBN tools is small. There is no evidence of sub-surface defects with PCD and PCBN tools. It is concluded that for TA15 alloy, high-speed milling can be carried out with PCD/PCBN tools.     

管路系统敷设的并行工程模型研究

提出了一种应用于并行工程模型转换研究的标号法,该法是将现行串行设计过程（Ａｓ－ｉｓ）转换为并行设计过程（Ｔｏ－ｂｅ）。本文应用该法将发动机外部管路系统敷设过程模型进行了串并行转换,应用并行工程过程重构的手段,得到了管路敷设并行过程模型,文中对该模型进行了详细分析。最后对转换前后的模型进行了时间效益分析,得到了对敷管工程有指导意义的结论。     

汽车复合曲面斜截面外形计算方法的研究

提出了一种用于计算汽车车身复合曲面斜截面外形的有效算法。根据实际问题的情况，提出了沿复合曲面三条边界扫描找始点及用自适应步长跟踪求迹的算法。该算法简化了扫描过程，缩短了计算时间，并且所得到的交点记录了坐标值和相应曲面片的参数值。测试显示这种算法简单实用、快速有效，在车身复杂曲面截面质量分析和自由曲面数控加工刀位轨迹计算等方面具有实际应用价值。     

单晶金刚石微型刀具的工艺技术研究

介绍了单晶金刚石微型刀具的应用和技术特点,研究探讨了单晶金刚石微型刀具的设计原理和制造工艺,并探究了用"金刚石磨金刚石"方法加工金刚石微型刀具的可行性和潜力.