细长体大攻角绕流的数值模拟

用数值模拟方法研究了细长体大攻角的绕流特性（求解在周向３６０°范围内进行）。数值模拟的出发方程是三维可压流的全Ｎ－Ｓ方程,格式为二阶迎风ＴＶＤ格式。通过数值模拟研究了附近,攻角１９°、３２．５°和５０°状态下,细长体绕流场中的激波、分离流动及表面压力分布等重要特征。     

大攻角(大侧滑角)下超音速后置旁侧进气道试验研究

简要介绍后置旁侧进气道模型风洞吹风试验结果,特别对大攻角大侧滑角下进气道工作状态进行了详细的讨论。 本试验共设计了A、B两套模型,A模型为半锥进口,采用双下腹部后置旁侧布局;B模型为轴对称进口,采用十字型后置旁侧布局。进气道从气动上采用了单锥混合式、超额定工作设计。试验马赫数M-H为2.0,2.5;攻角为-14°,-12°,-10°,0°,10°,12°,13°;测滑角为0°,10°,12°,14°,15°。 试验结果表明A、B两模型在大攻角、大侧滑角条件下能稳定工作。在进气道拐弯突扩几股气流掺混的条件下测量总压的方案是可行的,其测出的进气道总压恢复系数是令人满意的。     

正攻角状态下尾迹对低压涡轮附面层的渗透及转捩的影响

为研究正攻角状态下尾迹对低压涡轮附面层的渗透以及转捩过程的影响,分别在设计攻角和+10°攻角下,对高负荷低压涡轮叶型的吸力面附面层流动进行了数值模拟与实验。数值模拟使用CFX软件,采用大涡模拟模型。结果表明+10°攻角下,尾迹对附面层转捩过程的促进作用比设计攻角下更为显著,这是由于正攻角下的尾迹中心射流与吸力面切向的夹角更大,使得尾迹扰动渗透入附面层的深度更深,尾迹放大Klebanoff条纹强度更强,尾迹诱导转捩起始位置更靠上游。     

三角翼大攻角绕流场数值模拟研究

本文基于N-S方程采用Jameson的显式中心有限体积格式和Roc的上风格式对三角翼大攻角绕流场进行初步数值模拟，空间网格为H-0型网格。计算结果表明两种计算格式均可较好的模拟大攻角绕流场。本文计算结果为今后开展全机大攻角绕流场数值模拟提供了计算经验。     

翼型大攻角绕流的数值模拟

以求解二维N-S方程数值模拟NACA0012翼型大攻角状态的可压绕流特性;N-S方程是在贴体坐标系中给出的,以代数方法生成C型网格系统。采用LU-ADI格式计算,为提高格式的稳定性在隐式和显式部分分别添加了2阶和4阶人工粘性项。应用BaldwinLomax湍流二层代数模型模拟了大攻角时前缘分离涡的形成,旋涡对流及其非定常现象。在某些Mach数和攻角下NACA0012翼型的湍流解具有周期性。通过比较,本文数值计算结果同实验及国外相应的数值计算结果基本吻合。     

三角翼机翼摇滚主动控制多学科耦合数值模拟

细长机身和大后掠机翼气动构型的飞行器大攻角飞行时,由于缺少横向阻尼,易发生以绕体轴滚转振动为主的摇滚运动,飞行安全受到严重威胁。针对三角翼摇滚问题,采用动网格技术,建立了气动、运动和控制多学科耦合的数值模拟方法。通过耦合非定常Navier-Stokes方程、刚体运动方程和经典控制律,采用控制面差动偏转的方式对三角翼摇滚主动控制过程进行了数值模拟,并分析了不同控制状态下三角翼受控滚转的运动特性。在来流马赫数为0.3的条件下,实现了80°后掠三角翼摇滚现象的有效控制。     

大攻角机翼的气动弹性计算方法

 本文利用大攻角带分离流机翼的完全非定常非线性气动力计算方法,通过与机翼运动方程的同时求解,在时间域内实现了大攻角机翼非线性气动弹性的数值模拟,根据弹性机翼各种状态下的运动过程,可以得到大攻角机翼的颤振速度等重要参数以及亚临界、超临界等飞行状态的运动规律。算例结果表明,大攻角下机翼的气动弹性问题需引起足够的重视。     

安装角对压气机叶栅气动噪声特性的影响

 基于大涡模拟(LES)和边界元方法对轴流压气机叶栅湍流流场以及流场诱导的噪声进行计算,在不同叶栅安装角下研究来流攻角和来流雷诺数对叶栅气动噪声产生、辐射的影响。研究表明:来流雷诺数不变时,同一安装角下,随着来流攻角从-5°~20°变化,叶栅监测曲线上的声压级先减小后增大,在0°来流攻角下声压级达到最小。安装角为45°时,外场总声压级随来流攻角的分布与30°安装角变化趋势相近。但安装角为60°时,总声压级的变化则明显变缓。在0°来流攻角下,总声压级比安装角为30°和45°时增加了近6 dB,但在其他正来流攻角下,变化并不明显。叶栅的最小声压值出现在弦线方向附近,安装角改变时,最小声压级出现的位置也不同。安装角不变,随着来流雷诺数的增大,叶栅表面的分离减小,损失降低。但叶栅表面的压力脉动随着来流雷诺数的增大而增大,使外场辐射噪声增加。     

非零侧滑角大迎角细长体侧向力控制规律实验研究

通过风洞实验方法研究了非零侧滑角状态下,大迎角细长体模型的侧向力和偏航力矩变化规律。并且应用主动流动控制技术,对非零侧滑角模型的侧向力和偏航力矩加以控制,研究其有效控制的侧滑角范围和控制规律。研究结果表明:在迎角α=55°、侧滑角β=-24°~+24°范围内,改变细长体模型头部微扰动摆振片的平衡周向角位置(有效周向角位置在±16°之间变化),模型侧向力和偏航力矩呈线性变化规律。此项力和力矩线性控制技术为飞行器在大迎角高机动飞行发生侧滑时,实现恢复及保持安全姿态飞行,提供一种有效飞行控制新方法。     

低速来流大攻角侧滑角状态下尖脊进气道气动特性试验研究

在低速来流状态下试验研究了大攻角(α=0°～45°)和侧滑角(β=-15°～15°)对Caret进气道气动性能的影响。给出了在各攻角下进气道性能参数随侧滑角变化的特点及典型状态下进气道出口总压恢复系数分布图谱,分析了出口总压分布图谱与进气口流动之间的关系。试验表明:在低速来流状态(Ma≈0.1)下,随着攻角的增加(α从0°增加到45°),进气道总压恢复系数下降较小,总压畸变指数几乎不变,这有利于飞机的大攻角机动飞行。      

有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计难点问题

有翼高超声速再入飞行器是近年来的研究热点,气动设计是飞行器设计的关键。为了更清楚地认识有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计的难点问题,对有翼高超声速再入飞行器的发展、优势及总体任务剖面进行了介绍,从5个方面详细介绍了该类飞行器气动设计的难点问题,包括多约束复杂面对称气动布局设计、高温真实气体效应对气动特性影响、天地差异与天地换算方法、反作用控制系统(RCS)喷流干扰对气动特性的影响以及气动数据不确定度等,简要阐明了这些难点问题对总体设计的重要性以及初步的解决思路,为有翼高超声速再入飞行器气动设计提供了一些参考。     

Simulation and Analysis of Crashworthiness of Fuel Tank for Helicopters

Crashworthiness requirement of fuel tanks is one of the important requirements in helicopter designs. The relations among the protection frame, textile layer and rubber layer of the fuel tank are introduced. Two appropriate FE models are established, one is for an uncovered helicopter fuel tank without protection frame, and the other is for fuel tank with protection frame. The dynamic responses of the two types of fuel tanks impinging on the ground with velocities of 17.3 m/s are numerically simulated for the purpose of analyzing energy-absorbing capabilities of the textile layer and protection frame. The feasibility of the current crashworthiness design of the fuel tank is examined though comparing the dynamic response behaviors of the two fuel tanks.     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

ν-gap度量及其在飞行控制律评估中的应用

 传统控制律评估方法主要用于单输入单输出（SISO）系统，且对模型参数摄动考虑不够全面,针对这些不足，研究了ν-gap度量方法。在介绍系统广义稳定裕度相关概念的基础上，给出了ν-gap度量的定义、特点和性质以及近似摄动模型的计算，提出ν-gap度量评估控制律的步骤。实例结果表明，该方法不仅克服了上述传统评估方法的缺陷，而且还有根据所求的各摄动影响情况忽略影响小的元素，以减少计算量及可以找到最坏情况下的参数摄动组合等优点。     

突破技术趋同，波音再现竞争优势

 波音公司面临着来自空客公司的巨大挑战,企业战略性创新才是公司成功的关键。为此波音公司的全部战略性研究集中在扩大产品的差异性上,体现在3个方面：电子化（e-Enabled）运营环境、整体复合材料机身部件的制造技术和支持波音787客机的全球协同环境（GCE）。     

临近空间飞行器测控与信息传输系统频段选择

 临近空间飞行器是高性能信息化武器平台,测控（TT&;C）与信息传输系统是其信息保障的核心,而选择合理、可行的频段是展开系统设计的前提和基础。频段选择影响到整个技术方案的制定,是一个需综合考虑、影响深远并具有战略意义的关键问题,从国际电联（ITU）国际标准、高速数传、接收信噪比（SNR）、“三抗”、超视距中继、黑障、雨衰以及设备研制成熟度8个方面全面、细致论证了近空间平台测控系统的频段选择问题,最终得出在视距链路中以Ka频段为宜,在超视距链路中以Ku/Ka双频段为宜的结论。     

基于弯曲激波压缩系统的高超声速进气道反设计研究进展

总结了近十年来弯曲激波压缩研究的主要成果。提出了弯曲激波压缩系统的新概念,即利用特殊设计的楔形弯曲压缩面或空间弯曲压缩面,产生一系列与前缘弱激波相互交汇或叠加的压缩波系,从而使前缘激波弯曲,形成特殊的弯曲激波,它与波后的等熵压缩波来共同完成对气流的压缩。在此基础上,实现了由给定出口气动参数的超声速内流道反设计,实现了由给定压缩面压力分布和给定压缩面马赫数分布要求的型面反设计,实现了由给定激波波面的压缩型面反设计。研究证明,弯曲压缩面-弯曲激波压缩系统具有良好的综合气动性能,为高性能高超声速进气系统的气动设计提供了一种全新的设计方法。     

Integrated Entry Guidance for Reusable Launch Vehicle

A method for the implementation of integrated three-degree-of-freedom constrained entry guidance for reusable launch vehicle is presented. Given any feasible entry conditions, terminal area energy management interface conditions, and the reference trajectory generated onboard then, the method can generate a longitudinal guidance profile rapidly, featuring linear quadratic regular method and a proportional-integral-derivative tracking law with time-varying gains, which satisfies all the entry corridor constraints and meets the requirements with high precision. Afterwards, by utilizing special features of crossrange parameter, establishing bank-reversal corridor, and determining bank-reversals according to dynamically adjusted method, the algorithm enables the lateral entry guidance system to fly a wide range of missions and provides reliable and good performance in the presence of significant aerodynamic modeling uncertainty. Fast trajectory guidance profiles and simulations with a reusable launch vehicle model for various missions and aerodynamic uncertain-ties are presented to demonstrate the capacity and reliability of this method.     

Experimental Study on Effects of Fuel Injection on Scramjet Combustor Performance

In order to investigate the effects of fuel injection distribution on the scramjet combustor performance, there are conducted three sets of test on a hydrocarbon fueled direct-connect scramjet test facility. The results of Test A, whose fuel injection is carried out with injectors located on the top-wall and the bottom-wall, show that the fuel injection with an appropriate close-front and centralized distribution would be of much help to optimize combustor performances. The results of Test B, whose fuel injection is performed at the optimal injection locations found in Test A, with a given equivalence ratio and different injection proportions for each injector, show that this injection mode is of little benefit to improve combustor performances. The results of Test C with a circumferential fuel injection distribution displaies the possibility of ameliorating combustor performance. By analyzing the effects of injection location parameters on combustor performances on the base of the data of Test C, it is clear that the injector location has strong coupled influences on combus- tor performances. In addition, an inner-force synthesis specific impulse is used to reduce the errors caused by the disturbance of fuel supply and working state of air heater while assessing combustor performances.     

(高)超声速流动试验技术及研究进展

近年来,与高速飞行器相关的(高)超声速流动受到了极大的关注。这类流动所具有的非定常性、强梯度和可压缩性对试验方法和风洞设计技术提出了挑战。超声速纳米示踪平面激光散射(NPLS)技术是由作者所在团队研发的非接触光学测试技术。它能够以较高的空间分辨率来揭示超声速三维流场的一个瞬态剖面的时间解析的流动结构。介绍了NPLS技术以及基于NPLS开发的密度场测量、雷诺应力测量和气动光学波前测量等方法,并回顾了这些技术在超声速边界层、超声速混合层、超声速压缩拐角、激波/边界层相互作用和光学头罩绕流等流动中的应用,清晰地再现了边界层、混合层、激波等典型流场结构及其时空演化特性。另外,为了模拟和研究高空大气条件下边界层自然转捩和超声速混合层的转捩特性,介绍了高超声速静风洞、超-超混合层风洞的设计技术以及层流化喷管的设计方法。