冲压发动机进气道和掺混段节流特性数值研究

为了研究冲压发动机进气道和掺混段节流特性及其内部的复杂流动,以同试验进行对比,采用二阶迎风隐式TVD格式,内外流分区求解可压缩N S方程,数值模拟弹体,进气道和掺混段一体化通气模型复杂流场。进气道为"X"型布局二元双楔平面压缩混压式进气道,掺混段为圆形截面。计算了掺混段出口反压比pt pt∞=3 5～5 5,总压恢复系数σ,流量系数φ及流场情况。同风洞试验结果比较表明:计算结果较为合理。通过对计算结果的分析,定性讨论了该冲压发动机的节流特性和掺混段内部复杂流动状况。     

超声速底部喷流干扰流场数值模拟

数值模拟了不同马赫数,不同喷流压比下的轴对称超声速底部喷流干扰流场,采用LU隐式算法进行数值求解并引入了Baldwin-Lomax代数湍流模型.采用分区网格将弹身与底部区域合为一个整体进行计算,得到了清晰的流场结构和弹体表面及底部的压力分布,并与试验结果进行了比较.数值模拟结果表明超声速底部喷流干扰流场结构复杂,有、无喷流时底部流场有很大不同, 喷流对底压分布有明显影响,进而对轴向力系数影响显著.     

气冷涡轮级流场的数值模拟方法与试验验证

采用具有TVD(total variation diminishing)性质的三阶精度Godunov格式、自由型曲面网格生成技术以及分区网格算法,对某型涡轮级进行考虑冷气掺混的全三维Navier-Stokes(N-S)方程数值求解,并将所得的结果与试验数据进行对比分析.通过分析数值模拟结果研究了该涡轮级所具有的气动特点.结果表明:所开发的快速、高效冷气掺混网格生成方法以及任意分区的流场求解算法可以满足工程上对气冷涡轮级的总体性能的快速估算及流场结构的详细描述.      

高压涡轮气冷叶片冷却掺混损失数值研究

为探索高压涡轮气冷叶片多排冷却孔出流对各排孔冷却掺混损失的影响,采用三维粘性流场数值模拟技术,对典型气冷叶片多排孔冷却射流流场和叶栅性能进行了研究,并将冷却掺混损失数值计算结果与Hartsel模型预测值进行了对比。研究结果表明:气冷叶片表面多排冷却孔射流相互作用对各排冷却射流与主流掺混引入的流动损失影响较小,各排射流冷却掺混损失相互独立具有简单的可叠加性质;叶片表面各区域冷却射流出流对叶栅性能影响程度有所不同,尾缘劈缝与吸力面冷却射流对叶栅性能影响较大,前缘区域次之,压力面冷却射流对叶栅性能影响较小;和数值计算结果相比,总压损失系数Hartsel冷却掺混损失模型预测值偏高,尤其对于尾缘和吸力面主流马赫数较大的区域,损失模型预测值为计算结果的2~4倍,而前缘和压力面预测值和计算结果符合性较好。     

通道中有稳定器的湍流流场分区计算方法

采用任意曲线坐标系对含有Ｖ型稳定器的通道内湍流流场进行数值计算。对含有Ｖ型槽的复杂流场中网格分区方法作了详细的分析,提出一个新的网格划分方法。数值计算采用曲线坐标系下非交错网格的ＳＩＭＰＬＥ方法,计算时对整个流场进行分区迭代,直到得到收敛结果。文中对一含有Ｖ型稳定器的直通道湍流流场进行了数值计算,结果合理。     

DCR进气分流与掺混流场的数值模拟

采用矢通量分裂法求解2D-Euler方程组, 对亚燃/超燃双重燃烧冲压发动机(DCR)进气分流流场及其双重燃烧的冷态掺混流场进行了数值模拟。计算结果给出了全流场清晰的激波结构, 并提供了超燃室中两股高速气流掺混的物理图像。本文的数值结果对于亚燃/超燃双重燃烧室的点火燃烧研究提供了一些有用的信息。      

内管射流占优时轴对称共轴射流结构分析

以轴对称Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS)方程为控制方程模拟了内流占优条件下轴对称共轴喷嘴射流流场,并基于湍动能、速度和压强等流场参数的变化规律,将这类流场划分为交汇段、初始段和主流段等三个区段,给出三段流场的结构特征和流动机理,发现初始段内湍流动能大大低于单管射流,将导致共轴射流噪声低于单管射流;主流段内湍流动能则高于单管射流,将加强射流的掺混作用.将流量计算结果与试验结果进行了对比,证明使用的算法是有效的.      

分区LES/DES混合方法及缝翼三维流场模拟

提出一种分区大涡/脱体涡模拟混合方法,采用高阶空间有限差分方法和二阶隐式LU-SGS时间推进方法,对有限展长缝翼的三维流场进行了数值计算。该混合方法吸收了脱体涡模拟方法和大涡模拟方法各自的优点,在非核心区域使用脱体涡方法进行计算,相对于大涡模拟方法具有较高的计算效率;相对于分区脱体涡模拟中采用的雷诺平均方法,在计算量没有明显增加的条件下提高了对流场各尺度流动的模拟能力。计算结果与风洞实验数据吻合良好,同时缝翼流场主要观测点的压力脉动数据为后续缝翼噪声分析和低噪声优化提供了基础。     

母弹飞行稳定性及尾部流场分析

为了得到航弹母弹飞行稳定性及尾部流场特性,通过模拟试验和数值计算进行了研究.试验和模拟结果均表明该母弹飞行稳定,且两结果吻合较好.另外,采用数值计算对尾部流场进行了分析,得到了尾部压力分布特性,表明弹尾部存在涡流区,该区范围和流速随弹飞行速度的增加而增大.      

全机复杂流场网格生成及N-S方程数值模拟

全机复杂流场网格生成对计算结果起着举足轻重的作用。本文首先通过合理的拓扑结构,分块对接的方法对复杂流场进行了网格划分,然后采用N-S方程有限体积法及分区对接法对翼—身—尾全机流场进行数值模拟。计算结果验证了网格生成的有效性和计算结果的合理性。     

差值法与比值法的误差修正效果比较研究及应用

差值法与比值法对不同测量系统的误差修正效果不一样。本文将两种方法的比较用一个比值来描述,并用推得的公式进行量化表示。在进一步的应用研究中,理论分析与实验数据相互印证,同时得到许多有益的结论,有助于全面掌握测量系统的误差来源,从而灵活选择各种修正方法以获得更加准确的测量结果。     

吸尘器振动与噪声试验分析

针对某型号吸尘器噪音和振动大的问题进行试验研究,用声强法对吸尘器的噪音进行测量分析,同时对吸尘器的振动进行了测量并对振动信号用DASP软件进行了频谱分析,识别了吸尘器的主要振动源和噪声源.在试验分析的基础上,提出了一些改善其振动和噪音性能的措施.     

Short-Lived Radioactivities and the Birth of the sun

Now extinct short-lived radioactive isotopes were apparently extant in the early solar system. Their abundances can be inferred from isotopic effects in their daughter nuclei in primitive meteorites, and the deviation of these abundances from expectations from continuous galactic nucleosynthesis yields important information on the last nucleosynthetic events that contributed new nuclei to the solar system and on the general circumstances of the Sun's birth. In this paper we present a rudimentary model that attempts to reconcile the abundances of ten short-lived radioactivities in the early solar system. In broad outlines, the picture requires 1) that Type Ia supernovae maintained a steady ISM supply of ⁵³Mn and ¹⁴⁶Sm, 2) that the r-process events that slowly admixed new ¹⁰⁷Pd, ¹²⁹I, ¹⁸²Hf, and ²⁴⁴Pu nuclei to the solar system occurred over an interval of several hundred million years prior to solar system formation, and 3) that a massive star, by injecting only material outside its helium-exhausted core into the proto-solar nebula, contributed ²⁶Al, ³⁶Cl, ⁴¹Ca, ⁶⁰Fe, and ¹⁸²Hf no more than one million years prior to the Sun's birth. In this picture, the live ¹⁸²Hf present in the early solar system was not due to r-process production but rather to a fast s-process in helium or carbon burning shell in the massive star. We conclude with a possible chemical-memory explanation for the putative ⁵³Cr/⁵²Cr gradient in the solar system. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Blue and red supergiants and the age structure of the NGC 330 region

We analysed new UBVRI CCD photometry of the massive, blue SMC cluster NGC 330 and its surrounding field. The age structure and a new reddening value for the stellar population in this region of the SMC are derived and the implications for star formation in this part of the SMC and for stellar evolution are discussed.Based on observations obtained at ESO, La Silla     

名城文化误区与政府文化观

当前历史名城的保护和建设中,出现了不少文化误区,表现为“泛文化”、“狭文化”、“假文化”、“死文化”、“功利文化”以及文化的“泛产业化”和非特色化,等等。产生这些误区的原因不仅仅是政府利益和政绩观、发展观产生偏差,政府文化观的缺失与错位才是问题产生的根源,因此,只有培养正确的文化观和体制改革双管齐下,才能更好地保护和传承名城文化,避免借保护之名行破坏之实的行为。     

Physical and chemical characteristics of the ISM inside and outside the heliosphere

This paper summarizes some of the discussions of working group 8–9 during the ISSI Conference on The Heliosphere in the Local Interstellar Medium. Because the subject of these working groups has become significantly broader during the last ten years, we have selected three topics for which recent observations have modified and improved our knowledge of the heliosphere and the surrounding interstellar medium. These topics are the number densities and ISM ionization states of hydrogen and helium, the newly discovered hot gas from the H wall seen in absorption, and the comparison between ISM and heliospheric minor element abundances. Papers from this volume in which more details on these topics can be found are quoted throughout the report.     

带襟翼三维机翼上的分离流、襟翼槽与剪切口流动

本文运用嵌套网格方法严格考虑机翼切口和襟翼端面几何形状生成了合理的计算网格,并应用雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程和Johnson-King湍流模型计算了带双襟翼三维机翼的粘性绕流,特别是大迎角下机翼襟翼上的分离流、襟翼槽与剪切口流动.计算实践表明,用该方法可以很好地预计最大升力.     

上海虹桥机场停机坪道面性状的测试与评价

以G、H机坪为依托，在道面病害调查及机场有关数据分析的基础上，通过现场试验和测量，对上海虹桥机场停机坪道面的性状进行了研究和评价，并就道面整修的对策和方案提出了相应的建议。     

Impact and the design of the human-machine interface

In this paper, we consider the concept of the impact of an action or human error. We begin from an informal definition of impact as: the effect that an action or sequence of actions has on the safe and successful operation of a system; and develop a quantitative measure of the impact of specified behaviours. It is important that human-machine interface designers should understand the relationship between operator actions and the hazards associated with a system. We demonstrate how impact can be assessed prior to, or in parallel with, the design of the human-machine interface, and show how impact assessments could be used to allow risk analysts to inform designers about the relationship between operator actions and system hazards. To illustrate our approach we present a simple case study,