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1.
霍明英  彭福军  赵钧  谢少彪  齐乃明 《宇航学报》2015,36(12):1363-1372
针对电动帆航天器谷神星探测任务轨迹优化问题,提出一种基于高斯伪谱法和遗传算法的混合优化算法。为了验证所提出的混合优化算法有效性,并考察任务起始时间和电动帆特征加速度对探测任务的影响,进行了一定数量的数值仿真。仿真结果表明:电动帆航天器自地球至谷神星的飞行时间随着起始时间的变化呈周期性波动,波动周期基本与地球和谷神星的会合周期一致;电动帆航天器的特征加速度越小,完成过渡所需要的飞行时间越长,且一个具有中等特征加速度的电动帆航天器便能在可接受的时间内完成自地球至谷神星的过渡;所提出的混合优化算法是有效的,能够在无任何初值猜测的情况下完成电动帆航天器飞行轨迹的优化。  相似文献   

2.
文章简要阐述了太阳帆的概念、主要结构和技术,参考美国L’Garde公司的太阳帆展开设计,对涉及的充气及刚化予以概述,为研究分析太阳帆的展开技术提供借鉴。  相似文献   

3.
太阳帆技术综述   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
文章简要阐述了太阳帆的概念、主要结构和技术,参考美国L’Garde公司的太阳帆展开设计,对涉及的充气及刚化予以概述,为研究分析太阳帆的展开技术提供借鉴。  相似文献   

4.
    
A magnetic sail is an advanced propellantless propulsion system that uses the interaction between the solar wind and an artificial magnetic field generated by the spacecraft, to produce a propulsive thrust in interplanetary space. The aim of this paper is to collect the available experimental data, and the simulation results, to develop a simplified mathematical model that describes the propulsive acceleration of a magnetic sail, in an analytical form, for mission analysis purposes. Such a mathematical model is then used for estimating the performance of a magnetic sail-based spacecraft in a two-dimensional, minimum time, deep space mission scenario. In particular, optimal and locally optimal steering laws are derived using an indirect approach. The obtained results are then applied to a mission analysis involving both an optimal Earth–Venus (circle-to-circle) interplanetary transfer, and a locally optimal Solar System escape trajectory. For example, assuming a characteristic acceleration of 1 mm/s2, an optimal Earth–Venus transfer may be completed within about 380 days.  相似文献   

5.
This paper presents a mission analysis comparison of human missions to asteroids using two distinct architectures. The objective is to determine if either architecture can reduce launch mass with respect to the other, while not sacrificing other performance metrics such as mission duration. One architecture relies on chemical propulsion, the traditional workhorse of space exploration. The second combines chemical and electric propulsion into a hybrid architecture that attempts to utilize the strengths of each, namely the short flight times of chemical propulsion and the propellant efficiency of electric propulsion. The architectures are thoroughly detailed, and accessibility of the known asteroid population is determined for both. The most accessible asteroids are discussed in detail. Aspects such as mission abort scenarios and vehicle reusability are also discussed. Ultimately, it is determined that launch mass can be greatly reduced with the hybrid architecture, without a notable increase in mission duration. This demonstrates that significant performance improvements can be introduced to the next step of human space exploration with realistic electric propulsion system capabilities. This leads to immediate cost savings for human exploration and simultaneously opens a path of technology development that leads to technologies enabling access to even further destinations in the future.  相似文献   

6.
张青斌  王昱  丰志伟  唐乾刚  杨涛 《宇航学报》2011,32(12):2484-2490
针对太阳帆轨迹优化问题,提出了一种基于区间样条小波的新颖数值算法。首先推导了太阳帆航天器的轨道动力学方程并提出了优化目标函数,然后提出了基于区间样条小波函数及其导数算法的最优控制直接数值法。该优化算法的核心是基于区间样条小波函数及其导数算法,在小波配点上将状态与控制变量作离散化处理,进而可利用小波函数有效逼近带有突变的优点,提高了求解以小波系数为参数的非线性规划问题的计算精度和效率。对典型的地球-水星之间的太阳帆轨道优化问题的仿真结果表明,基于小波的数值解法优于半解析法。  相似文献   

7.
电动帆是一种新兴的无推进剂损耗的推进方式,利用太阳风的动能冲力飞行。电动帆由数百根长而细的金属链所组成,这些金属链通过空间飞行器自旋展开,太阳能电子枪向外喷射电子,使金属链始终保持在高度的正电位,这些带电的金属链会排斥太阳风质子,利用太阳风的动能冲力推动空间飞行器驶向目标方向。针对电动帆轨迹优化问题,提出采用Gauss伪谱法进行轨迹优化,克服了间接法对协态变量初值敏感的缺点。考虑在太阳风暴等原因造成特征加速度改变的情况,基于Gauss伪谱法实现电动帆在线轨迹重新规划,提高电动帆对太阳风不确定性的适应能力。最后以太阳系外探测任务为例,对电动帆和太阳帆的性能进行对比,仿真结果表明电动帆在星际远航任务中所用时间较短。  相似文献   

8.
    
This paper provides a detailed mission analysis and systems design of a near-term and far-term pole-sitter mission. The pole-sitter concept was previously introduced as a solution to the poor temporal resolution of polar observations from highly inclined, low Earth orbits and the poor high-latitude coverage from geostationary orbit. It considers a spacecraft that is continuously above either the north or south pole and, as such, can provide real-time, continuous and hemispherical coverage of the polar regions. Being on a non-Keplerian orbit, a continuous thrust is required to maintain the pole-sitter position. For this, two different propulsion strategies are proposed, which result in a near-term pole-sitter mission using solar electric propulsion (SEP) and a far-term pole-sitter mission where the SEP thruster is hybridized with a solar sail. For both propulsion strategies, minimum propellant pole-sitter orbits are designed. In order to maximize the spacecraft mass at the start of the operations phase of the mission, the transfer from Earth to the pole-sitter orbit is designed and optimized assuming either a Soyuz or an Ariane 5 launch. The maximized mass upon injection into the pole-sitter orbit is subsequently used in a detailed mass budget analysis that will allow for a trade-off between mission lifetime and payload mass capacity. Also, candidate payloads for a range of applications are investigated. Finally, transfers between north and south pole-sitter orbits are considered to overcome the limitations in observations due to the tilt of the Earth's rotational axis that causes the poles to be alternately situated in darkness. It will be shown that in some cases these transfers allow for propellant savings, enabling a further extension of the pole-sitter mission.  相似文献   

9.
张晨  赵育善 《宇航学报》2015,36(8):869-876
使用混合推进方式设计地-月圆型限制性三体模型下的最省燃料转移轨道。将化学发动机以及电推进发动机的燃料消耗总和作为目标函数进行优化,推导一阶必要条件和雅可比矩阵。选择从近地圆轨道出发到达地-月L1附近Halo轨道的转移轨道为例测试上述方法。仿真结果表明,相比发射脉冲固定的情况,混合推进方式进一步降低了燃料消耗,而且给出了飞行时间和燃料消耗不同的组合方式,给予任务设计更大的灵活性。  相似文献   

10.
为有效克服传统弹道优化方法解的收敛性和全局最优性受搜索算法和初始猜测等影响大的问题,提出了基于有理Bezier曲线的弹道造型与优化计算方法。根据边界条件用光滑且只含少量自由参数的有理Bezier曲线形成参数化弹道,采用逆动力学方法计算导弹攻角、速度等变量及参数化弹道性能指标,通过对自由参数寻优得到最优弹道。这种方法将连续的弹道优化问题转换为对很少自由参数的参数优化问题。与传统方法相比,该方法无需求解2点边值问题,不对导弹运动方程组进行离散化,因而鲁棒性强且解的全局最优性和光滑性好。仿真结果及与自适应伪谱法的比较验证了该方法的实用性和有效性。  相似文献   

11.
任高峰  高艾  崔平远  栾恩杰 《宇航学报》2014,35(12):1350-1358
针对火星精确着陆问题,给出一种燃料最省的火星着陆动力下降段快速轨迹优化方法。首先以燃料最省为指标建立了着陆器动力下降段轨迹优化问题模型,然后利用极大值原理对该模型的推力大小、推力方向与协状态变量之间的关系进行分析,得出着陆器推力只能以最大或最小推力工作、推力方向和与速度对应的协状态矢量方向相同的结论。并以此为基础,将原问题的状态微分方程和协状态微分方程转换为有限个推力为常值的分段函数,推导每段内微分方程的解析表达式,给出了动力下降段轨迹优化方法的算法流程;最后通过数学仿真将所提出的方法与凸规划、多项式制导方法进行比较。结果表明该方法不仅避免了多项式方法没有考虑推力约束及燃料消耗的缺陷,而且在计算效率方面较凸规划方法有大幅度提高。  相似文献   

12.
针对太阳系边际探测任务,开展了星际多目标飞越的任务规划,采用小推力混合优化设计方法完成了基于借力飞行及电推进技术的行星际转移轨道联合优化设计,对比研究了面向日球层鼻尖和尾部探测的星际多目标探测飞行方案。研究表明,探测器在2024-2025年发射,可飞抵日球层鼻尖区域,在2027-2030年发射可飞抵日球层尾部区域,并可在2049年1月1日前飞离日心100 AU,实现太阳系边际空间的科学探测。其中日球层鼻尖探测任务探测器飞抵100 AU的位置位于鼻尖中心区域,可与旅行者1号、2号探测器形成有效互补。文章所用任务规划方法,可为太阳系边际探测的自主任务规划技术提供基础,相关研究成果能够为未来中国首次太阳系边际探测任务的实施提供有价值的参考。  相似文献   

13.
吸气式组合动力高超声速飞行器上升段制导方法研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
刘凯  郭健  周文雅  佘智勇 《宇航学报》2020,41(8):1023-1031
针对涡轮/冲压/火箭三组合动力水平起降高超声速飞行器爬升段飞行轨迹设计和制导律设计问题,首先考虑宽速域组合动力发动机多模态特性和高低速气动特性差异,分别开展了涡轮段、引射段、纯冲压段及冲压火箭段的飞行策略研究,提出了不同阶段的飞行攻角剖面构型和火箭流量剖面构型,将无穷维轨迹优化问题转化为有限维参数规划问题,进而完成了组合动力上升段飞行轨迹的优化设计;在此基础上,结合轨迹线性化控制方法,开展了组合动力上升段轨迹跟踪制导律设计研究,给出了保证闭环稳定性和控制品质的制导律参数设计准则,最后通过开展仿真分析说明了提出轨迹设计及制导方法的有效性。  相似文献   

14.
张松  侯明善  杜婷 《宇航学报》2014,35(11):1254-1261
为有效克服传统弹道优化方法解的收敛性和最优性受搜索算法、初始猜测等影响大的问题,提出了基于有理Bezier曲线的三维弹道造型与优化计算方法。根据边界条件用光滑且只含少量造型变量的有理Bezier曲线形成待优化三维造型弹道,采用逆动力学方法计算造型弹道倾角、弹道角速度和法向加速度等,结合弹道其它动力学方程和约束计算造型弹道性能指标,通过对弹道造型变量寻优得到最优弹道。这种方法将无限维弹道优化问题转换为对很少造型变量的参数优化问题, 而且得到的最优弹道完全光滑可飞。与间接法相比,无需求解两点边值问题使用方便、鲁棒性强;与直接法相比,不需要对动力学方程离散化、寻优变量少、求解收敛性好,而且解的全局最优性和光滑性更高。仿真结果及与自适应伪谱法的比较校验了方法的实用性和有效性。  相似文献   

15.
Multistage rockets are commonly employed to place spacecraft and satellites in their operational orbits. Performance evaluation of multistage rockets is aimed at defining the maximum payload mass at orbit injection, for specified structural, propulsive, and aerodynamic data of the launch vehicle. This work proposes a simple method for a fast performance evaluation of multistage rockets. The technique at hand is based on three steps: (i) the flight-path angle at each stage separation is guessed, (ii) the spacecraft velocity is maximized at the first and second stage separation, and (iii) for the last stage the thrust direction is obtained through the particle swarm optimization technique, in conjunction with the use of the Euler–Lagrange equations and the Pontryagin minimum principle. The coast duration at the second stage separation is optimized as well. The method at hand is extremely simple and easy-to-implement, but nevertheless it proves to be capable of yielding near-optimal ascending trajectories for a multistage launch vehicle with realistic structural, propulsive, and aerodynamic characteristics. The solutions found with the technique under consideration can be employed either for a rapid evaluation of the multistage rocket performance or as guesses for more refined optimization algorithms.  相似文献   

16.
《Space Policy》2014,30(3):170-173
The Global Exploration Roadmap (GER) is driven by several goals and objectives that include space science, the search for life as well as preparatory science activities to enable human space exploration. The Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), through its Commissions and Panels provides an international forum that supports and promotes space exploration worldwide. COSPAR's Panel on Exploration (PEX) investigates a stepwise approach of preparatory research on Earth and in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) to facilitate a future global space exploration program. We summarize recent activities and workshops of PEX in support of the GER.  相似文献   

17.
垂直冷发射防空导弹弹道设计中的参数优化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
束川良 《上海航天》2003,20(2):30-32,55
根据垂直冷发射防空导弹的飞行程序,分析了影响弹道性能的主要因素,选取相应的参数对弹道进行优化设计。优化前后弹道参数的计算结果表明,该优化方法改善了速度特性,在攻击超低空目标时保证弹道末段俯冲角满足布儒斯特角的要求,是防空导弹弹道的有效设计方法。  相似文献   

18.
阐述了翼伞系统归航轨迹最优控制的建模。在求解过程中采用无量纲化和等数量级的预处理方法 ,提高了计算精度 ,使结果更直观 ,也便于选择加权因子。通过选择合适的加权因子 ,将有终端约束的单目标优化和无终端约束的多目标优化用同一程序求解。分析和总结了在不同初始条件下翼伞系统归航最优控制的特点 ,为工程实际的运用提供了一定的参考  相似文献   

19.
基于Gauss伪谱方法的高超声速飞行器再入轨迹快速优化   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8  
雍恩米  唐国金  陈磊 《宇航学报》2008,29(6):1766-1772
基于一种求解最优控制问题的新方法—Gauss伪谱法(Gauss Pseudospectral Method|GPM) ,研究了高超声速飞行器滑翔式再入的快速轨迹优化问题。针对远程多约束条件下滑翔式再 入轨迹优化问题的难点,提出了基于GPM的串行分段优化策略,包括三个方面:(1) 构造了 设计变量初值生成器,获得近似最优解作为优化初值;(2) 提出从可行解到 最优解的串行优化策略;(3) 引入平衡滑翔条件构造动态分段点,将再入轨迹分为初始下降 段和滑翔段分别求解。以某高超声速再入飞行器为对象进行轨迹优化计算,仿真结果验证了 本文的轨迹优化方法具有较高的精度和计算效率。
  相似文献   

20.
基于多学科设计优化算法的再入轨迹优化设计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈刚  徐敏  万自明  陈士橹 《宇航学报》2006,27(6):1147-1151
传统的再入轨迹优化问题通常是在气动外形和质量等总体参数给定的情况下建立起来的。所设计的最优轨迹从飞行力学的角度来看是最优的,但从系统角度来看未必是最优的。在总体初步设计阶段,考虑气动外形和质量等其他学科影响的再入轨迹优化对于提高RLV的系统性能无疑具有重要意义。此时再入轨迹优化将是一个静态,动态多学科混合优化问题。以球头双锥的升力体构型RLV为例,以最小化热防护系统质量和最大横向机动距离为指标,采用两种典型的多学科优化算法来研究考虑气动外形、轨迹和热防护系统三个学科的再入轨迹优化设计问题。仿真结果表明多学科优化算法能够用来求解静态,动态多学科混合优化的再入轨迹优化设计问题,是RLV初步外形设计和任务轨迹规划的重要工具。  相似文献   

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