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A steering law of control moment gyros for spacecraft attitude control by using one-step ahead singularity index is addressed in this paper. In some recent studies, the null motion approaches or singularity robustness steering laws have been extensively investigated to avoid singular configurations for a control momentum gyro (CMG) cluster. As a novel approach different from them, the proposed approach is based on optimization technique by minimizing the one-step ahead singularity index. Modified approaches are also presented in this paper. The proposed one-step prediction method ultimately gives an optimized solution of gimbal rates with advanced ability to avoid a singularity. A singularity index for reliable computation of a gradient vector is also introduced. Finally, performance of the proposed algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulations. 相似文献
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In contrast to past studies that have treated the skew angle as fixed in pyramid-type control moment gyro (CMG) systems, this paper treats the adaptive-skew pyramid-type CMG (ASCMG) system, in which the skew angle is one of the control variables for generating torques. The singular surfaces of the fixed-skew CMG are analyzed and visualized to illustrate how they depend on the skew angle, and the singular surfaces of the ASCMGs are also analyzed and visualized from a viewpoint of null motion for not only the gimbal angle but also the skew angle. The steering control laws are presented, and we numerically study their effectiveness for the reduction of settling time as compared to the fixed-skew pyramid-type CMGs. 相似文献
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A cluster of control moment gyros (CMGs) is widely used as the actuator of attitude control for modern satellite. However, to use CMGs will induce some accessional problems, like the singularity and the failure of them. In this paper, a rotator for the support bracket of each control moment gyro (CMG) is adopted and its application on reconfiguration and singular escape is discussed. The first step puts forward a novel reconfiguration scheme for the CMGs and applied on a satellite, which can adjust the installation angles of the remaining CMGs and make the CMGs remain axial symmetry. Then the characteristic of the output torque is studied in the process of reconfiguration of the CMGs. Based on this characteristic, a special steering law of the CMGs is designed to counteract the disturbance from the reconfiguration. The feasibility of singularity avoidance via the reconfiguration is also discussed by calculating the derivative of the singularity measurement to the installation angle. A singularity avoidance steering law is proposed based on the above calculation. 相似文献
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参数不确定SGCMG系统的鲁棒操纵律设计 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
在单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)系统操纵律的设计中,如果考虑框架伺服特性,往往假设系统的物理参数是确切已知的。为消除参数的不确定性对操纵性能的影响,设计了一种鲁棒操纵律。该操纵律仅采用系统物理参数的预估值,根据航天器姿态控制给出的角动量(或力矩)指令,可直接计算出每个框架驱动系统所需的控制力矩。由于操纵律没有算法奇异,在SGCMG系统不出现运动奇异的情况下,可使操纵误差指数收敛至零。同时,该操纵律对系统参数变化具有良好的鲁棒性。且形式简单.易于实现。对应用在航天器上的某4-SGCMG系统的仿真结果表明,上述操纵律是可行的。 相似文献
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将锥体上五个单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)框架轴与底面的锥角视为姿态机动任务前的调整变量,建立了锥角可调的五棱锥构型SGCMG模型。通过锥角可调SGCMG系统的复杂奇异性分析,推导了陀螺奇异测度对时间的导数与陀螺框架角速度的关系,进而提出考虑奇异躲避的路径规划策略。基于Gauss伪谱法的路径规划结果表明:锥角可调的五棱锥构型SGCMG系统可有效提高特定机动方向的控制能力,显著减少空间站姿态机动所需时间;所提出的考虑奇异躲避的路径规划策略可有效避免陀螺奇异。 相似文献
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针对邻近奇异框架构型时解算低速框架角速度指令过大乃至饱和问题,开展了指令幅值抑制的控制力矩陀螺操纵方法研究。首先提出了力矩分配动态调整策略,设计以控制力矩陀螺历史指令信息为输入的权重系数自主调整律;然后重新定义了考虑权重分配的系统奇异度量,给出了一种综合力矩动态分配策略、零运动奇异规避与指令力矩随奇异度量相应调节手段的控制力矩陀螺操纵律,以抑制控制力矩陀螺低速框架指令幅值过大并提升系统奇异规避能力。最后所提出方法的有效性通过了姿态快速机动数学仿真校验。 相似文献
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采用变速控制力矩陀螺的一种姿态/能量一体化控制研究 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
本文研究采用变速控制力矩陀螺(VSCMG)的航天器姿态/能量一体化控制技术。首先建立了以变速控制力矩陀螺为执行机构的航天器姿态动力学模型,并给出了全局稳定的姿态反馈控制律。以控制力矩陀螺群的构型奇异量度为依据,分别考虑了VSCMG的控制力矩陀螺(CMG)工作模式和反作用飞轮(RW)工作模式。在陀螺群接近奇异时启用转子的反作用飞轮工作模式来补偿控制力矩陀螺采用鲁棒伪逆操纵律时所引起的力矩误差;在陀螺群远离奇异状态时,用控制力矩陀螺来补偿转子储能带来的干扰力矩。在姿态控制的同时利用转子的变速特性,完成按照给定的功率存储/释放能量,并在陀螺群远离奇异状态时对储能过程中转子的转速进行调节,以保持良好地动量包络外形。最后以某航天器的姿态控制为例,给出了数值仿真结果。 相似文献
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采用VSCMGs的航天器IPACS设计的一种投影矩阵方法 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
研究以变速控制力矩陀螺群(VSCMGs)为执行机构的能量/姿态一体化控制系统(IPACS)中的操纵律设计问题。建立了带VSCMGs的刚性航天器的动力学方程,用Lyapunov方法设计了渐近稳定的姿态控制律;在对VSCMGs的动力学进行详细分析的基础上,用投影矩阵法设计了一种操纵律,该算法将姿态控制指令力矩分解成两个力矩分量之和,其中一个由陀螺模式提供,另一个由飞轮模式提供,从而使VSCMGs处于构型奇异时陀螺模式也处于工作状态,降低了飞轮模式的负荷;文中证明了IPACS所需的变速控制力矩陀螺(VSCMG)个数最少为3,并分析证明了所设计的算法可以有效地解决姿控/储能一体化设计中可能出现的奇异问题。仿真结果验证了所设计算法的可行性。 相似文献
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磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺的动框架效应及其角速率前馈控制方法研究 总被引:13,自引:8,他引:13
在磁悬浮控制力矩陀螺中,局限于磁悬浮轴承系统的动态响应速度,框架的转动将使转子轴的角位移和轴心跳动量显著增大(动框架效应),甚至碰撞保护轴承,严重影响磁悬浮系统的稳定性。本文建立框架转动时的磁悬浮转子相对运动模型,分析了框架转动对磁悬浮转子的单方向作用,在Simulink仿真的基础上提出一种抑制动框架效应的角速率前馈控制方法。实验结果表明,磁悬浮轴承采用角速率前馈控制后,转子跳动量被抑制到原来的18%,大大提高了控制力矩陀螺磁悬浮系统的稳定性,同时还改善了控制力矩陀螺的力矩输出特性。 相似文献
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单框架控制力矩陀螺的奇异分析及操纵律设计 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对单框架控制力矩陀螺群(SGCMGs)的奇异问题的分析,设计了一种新的伪逆解与零运动向量相结合的操纵律来回避SGCMGs的内部奇异点。首先通过绘制金字塔构型SGCMGs奇异角动量曲面及典型角动量切面对应的奇异度量极值曲面,研究了其奇异的几何特性。然后以缩小期望力矩与各SGCMG角动量的夹角为目的,给出了一种新的零运动向量构造方法用于操纵律的设计。该方法在全局范围内考虑,并未参考当前奇异度量值,故能有效地避免奇异度量局部极值所对应的内部显奇异点。最后将其与现有的几种操纵律进行了数学仿真对比,验证了其有效性及优越性。 相似文献
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针对单框架控制力矩陀螺群(SGCMGs)存在奇异和单框架控制力矩陀螺(SGCMG)存在框架转速死区的问题,研究了SGCMG与飞轮联合作为执行机构的控制力矩分配算法,以SGCMG功耗、飞轮功耗和飞轮角动量的二次型加权矩阵求和为性能指标,提出了一种形式简洁的混合执行机构力矩分配算法,通过分析,证明该分配算法能够有效的避免SGCMGs的奇异;设计了一种SGCMG功耗加权矩阵的调节策略,解决了SGCMG陷入转速死区的问题,设计了一种飞轮角动量加权矩阵的调节策略,通过对加权矩阵的实时调节实现了对飞轮角动量的管理,解决了飞轮转速的饱和与过零问题。数学仿真结果验证了该力矩分配算法的有效性。 相似文献
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The attitude maneuver planning of a rigid spacecraft using two skew single-gimbal control moment gyros (CMGs) is investigated. First, two types of restrictions are enforced on the gimbal motions of two skew CMGs, with each restriction yielding continuous control torque along a principal axis of the spacecraft. Then, it is proved that any axis fixed to the spacecraft can be pointed along an arbitrary inertial direction by at most two sequent rotations around the two actuated axes. Given this fact, a two-step eigenaxis rotation strategy, executing by the two single-axis torques respectively, is designed to point a given body-fixed axis along a desired direction. Furthermore, a three-step eigenaxis rotation strategy is constructed to achieve an arbitrary rest-to-rest attitude maneuver. The rotation angles required for the single-axis pointing and arbitrary attitude maneuver schemes are all analytically solved. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. 相似文献
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使用单框架控制力矩陀螺的空间站姿态控制系统建模与仿真 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
研究使用单框架控制力矩陀螺群(SGCMGs)的空间站的姿态控制。完成空间站在轨三轴稳定飞行模式下的动力学和执行机构的建模。基于最小二乘意义下的伪逆原理设计了SGCMGs的控制律。对于框架构形的隐奇异,采用零运动躲避的算法。同时建立了框架电机的动力学、干扰和控制器的仿真模型。提出了适合工程应用的SGCMGs构形显奇异和饱和奇异的工程性的判断条件及卸载方法。为了探讨伺服机构对系统响应特性的影响,进行了分系统级的仿真。仿真模型中包括了空间环境力矩、敏感器及姿态确定模型。仿真中使用了五棱锥构形的SGCMGs,这种构形具有好的冗余度和大的角动量包络。仿真结果验证了五棱锥构形SGCMGs对大型航天器的三轴姿态控制的可行性及有效性。 相似文献
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针对应用变速控制力矩陀螺VSCMG为姿态控制执行机构的微小卫星,提出了一种姿态机动最优路径规划方法。从冗余金字塔构型VSCMGs系统的姿态机动任务和考虑VSCMGs系统故障失效的姿态机动任务两类问题出发,综合考虑VSCMG在实际工程应用中的各种约束条件(框架角约束、框架角速度约束、转子转速约束和奇异度量约束等)以及充分发挥VSCMG的力矩输出优势,采用Gauss伪谱法规划了相应性能指标最优的姿态机动最优路径。仿真结果表明设计的应用VSCMG的航天器姿态机动最优路径规划算法能够满足提出的约束条件和最优路径规划策略,可以顺利完成航天器姿态机动任务。而且相比于传统的VSCMGs系统操纵律,设计的算法具有更高的实用性和有效性。 相似文献
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“和平号”空间站SGCMG系统及其操纵 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
综述了“和平号”空间站SGCMG系统的组成和操纵,并给出了梯度型操纵律回避奇异的一般化解释。同时指出,奇异问题和失效操纵问题是SGCMG系统的两个重要问题,也是今后SGCMG系统研究的主要课题。 相似文献
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Space robotic systems are expected to play an increasingly important role in the future. However, the control methods based on the inverse kinematics are affected by singularities. In this paper, practical approaches are proposed to solve the problems of a wrist-partitioned space manipulator. For spacecraft-referenced end-point motion control, we presented the singularity separation plus damped reciprocal (SSPDR) method, which separates the singularity parameters from the inverse of the Jacobian, and replaces their reciprocals using the damped reciprocals. For another control strategy, i.e. inertially referenced end-point motion control, including spacecraft attitude-controlled mode and free-floating mode, the linear momentum equation is used to eliminate three independent variables. With modifying some expressions, the SSPDR method is utilized to solve the singularities of spacecraft attitude-controlled space robot. When the space robot is free-floating, the singularities, i.e. the so-called dynamic singularities, cannot be predicted according to its kinematic structure. Combining with the measured angular velocity of the base, the dynamic singularity handling problem is transformed into real-time kinematic singularity avoiding problem, which can be solved by the SSPDR method. Since the SVD decomposition, the estimation of the minimum singularity value, and the calculation of the generalized Jacobian matrix are not required, the algorithm has lower computation load. Another advantage is that, only the accuracy of part velocity components is reduced by adding the damped coefficients. Simulation results verify the proposed approaches. 相似文献