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轨道机动过程中推力加速度的实时最小方差估计 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
飞行器轨道机动过程中,为跟踪、定位机动目标和干预机动控制过程,需要统计处理离散的雷达观测量实时估计推进发动机的推力,进而确定飞行器的瞬时轨道参数。本文所述算法是该工程问题的探讨和解决方案。文章建立了轨道机动过程中连续变质量运动模型和离散雷达量测模型,推进发动机的质量秒耗量作为表征推力加速度的一个近似常量,应用扩展卡尔曼滤波对离散的雷达测量数据进行顺序统计处理给出秒耗量的最小方差估计;文章详细地推导了线性化量模型的变分方程和观测矩阵;仿真结果表明该算法能快速、准确地估计推进发动机的质量秒耗量和向机动目标施加的实际推力。 相似文献
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针对交互多模型(IMM)算法求解地球静止轨道(GEO)卫星混合推力机动目标跟踪问题时模型匹配难、模型转移概率近似平均和响应速度慢的问题,从交互模型集构建和模型转移概率自适应设计两个方面出发提出一种改进IMM算法。该方法通过考虑无机动、脉冲机动和有限推力机动三种模式,构建了覆盖目标机动状态的交互模型集,提高了模型与机动目标实际运行状态的匹配度;采用一种基于加速度估计自适应修正的模型交互概率修正方法,提升了算法对目标机动状态的响应速度和跟踪精度。仿真结果表明,所提算法是解决混合推力模式下的GEO机动目标跟踪问题的有效手段,在收敛速度和收敛精度等方面与传统方法相比有较大提高。 相似文献
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空间飞行器连续径向推力机动轨道研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在二体假设下对空间飞行器在径向推力作用下的机动轨道进行了研究。首先,在惯性坐标系中建立了空间飞行器在径向推力作用下的动力学方程,探讨了径向推力机动轨道的动量矩矢量和能量特性;然后推出了空间飞行器在径向推力作用下的逃逸条件,探讨了在圆轨道上运行的空间飞行器在连续常值径向推力作用下的三类机动轨道的特性,并给出了相应的算例及仿真计算结果;最后,研究了连续常值径向推力圆轨道,得出了空间飞行器在连续常值径向推力作用下沿圆轨道运行的条件,并与对应的等半径开普勒圆轨道和等角速度(等周期)开普勒圆轨道进行了比较。 相似文献
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针对常值推力作用的航天器轨道机动优化设计问题开展研究,推导了航天器三维空间轨道机动动力学模型,对动力学模型各参数进行无量纲化处理以防止计算过程中出现奇异。提出了一种先轨道等待再轨道机动的优化设计策略,航天器先在初始轨道上无动力飞行一段时间进行轨道等待,然后寻找一个最优时刻施加推力再进行轨道机动。该策略将航天器的最优等待时刻和轨道机动过程中的最优控制量作为整体统一进行优化。通过基于分段积分技术的多重直接打靶法将原先复杂的轨迹优化设计问题转化为每个子时间区间的非线性规划问题,采用内点法进行求解。仿真验证了本文优化设计策略的有效性。 相似文献
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针对椭圆轨道目标的飞行器近距离交会问题,研究了追踪任意椭圆轨道目标的Hill制导方法.从状态转移矩阵出发推导出追踪椭圆轨道目标的Hill制导表达式,然后推导出连续常值推力作用下系统状态的解析表达式,在此基础上分析了Hill制导过程中线性化误差和J2摄动误差,通过误差项进行补偿,并给出了Hill制导改进算法.仿真分析表明椭圆轨道Hill制导是可行的,且其改进算法能进一步提高制导精度. 相似文献
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受控卫星动力学模型中推力加速度的量级远远高于其他摄动的误差量级,观测量主要反映受控卫星动力学模型的误差。本文以跟踪和精确定位空间机动目标为目的,给出基于地面雷达观测,实时估计推力加速度,修正卫星动力学模型的轨道确定算法。通过建立连续推力控制过程变质量动力学模型,给出常推力变加速度满足的运动学微分方程; 建立变加速度估计系统状态方程,和扩展卡尔曼滤波轨道确定算法; 并给出连续推力控制卫星运动状态关于推力加速度的变分运动方程; 实际飞行控制应用表明: 利用地面测量数据,实时估计推力加速度并补偿系统动力学模型,解决了连续受控卫星轨道精确确定问题。 相似文献
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极坐标系连续常值推力机动分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
连续常值推力是空间飞行常用的轨道机动方式,在空间交会与星际航行使命中具有重要的应用价值。其中,小推力适合于地球轨道航天器交会机动,而切向或周向推力以及较大的正径向推力可用于脱离地球引力场的逃逸飞行,执行星际交会使命。应用常推力作用下的极坐标系质心运动方程,对机动推力的量值没有限制;在航天器交会应用中,对相对距离也无要求。这种方法可直接获得向径与速度等轨道参数随时间或极角(绕地心的转动角)的变化,便于分析轨道转移与逃逸运动,有助于飞行使命与运动轨迹的设计。特别是,若机动转移的初轨为圆轨道,在推力较小、飞行时间不长的情况下,应用无量纲形式运动方程,可获得具有工程应用价值的近似解。文章给出一些有关的结果与应用案例。 相似文献
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E. Olmedo Noelia Snchez Ortiz Mercedes Lerate Miguel Bell-Mora H. Klinkrad 《Acta Astronautica》2009,65(7-8):1133-1148
A growing interest exists in a future, autonomous European Space Surveillance System (ESSS). Currently, most of the knowledge about Earth-orbiting space objects is based on information provided by the USASPACECOM. This paper presents the required initial orbit determination (IOD) and correlation techniques to process optical measurements. Former studies were focused on the handling of radar measurements, which are summarised with the aim of describing a global procedure for processing hybrid measurement types (combination of radar and optic data for catalogue maintenance). The introduction of manoeuvres are presented due to their importance in the space object catalogue maintenance.The detection of uncatalogued objects and the successful correlation of already catalogued objects involve two different tasks for telescopes: survey and tasking. Assumptions for both strategies are developed on the basis of the previous work developed at the University of Berne (see [T. Flohrer, T. Schildknecht, R. Musci, E. Stöveken, Performance estimation for GEO space surveillance, Advances in Space Research 35 (2005). [1]; T. Flohrer, T. Schildknecht, R. Musci, Proposed strategies for optical observations in a future European Space Surveillance Network, presented in the 36th COSPAR Scientific Assembly (2006). [2]; R. Musci, T. Schildknecht, M. Ploner, Orbit improvement for GEO objects using follow-up observations, Advances in Space Research 34 (2004). [3]; R. Musci, T. Schildknecht, M. Ploner, G. Beutler, Orbit improvement for GTO objects using follow-up observations, Advances in Space Research 35 (2005). [4]; R. Musci, T. Schildknecht, T. Flohrer, G. Beutler, Concept for a catalogue of space debris in GEO, Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Space Debris, (ESA SP-587, 2005). [5]]). When a new object appears in the field of view, initial orbit determination must be performed. When only one telescope per site is available, the initial measurements are separated by only a few seconds. Therefore, the initial orbit determination is quite inaccurate due to bad mathematical conditioning of the problem. In order to improve the accuracy of the initial orbit determination, several follow-up observations of the object are required. This implies that the telescope needs to track the detected objects over a long period, and therefore the time available for surveying is reduced. By processing the additional follow-up measurements, separated now by a few hours, the initial orbit determination gives more accurate results and the object can be recovered after an orbital revolution. When several telescopes per site are available, the optical strategies may be modified. The survey tasks can be distributed between the available telescopes. In this way the number of images corresponding to each object increases and to track the detected object over long periods is not always needed. Numerical results will be shown in order to evaluate the accuracy and features of the different telescope strategies. A key point for performing efficiently the cataloguing process is the calculation of the estimated state vector covariance matrix. The covariance matrix analysis allows an adaptive tasking-survey telescope scheduling. Moreover, the implementation of a proper batch orbit determination process by means of a square root information filter (SRIF) requires a realistic initial covariance matrix.Hybrid measurements are available from objects that can be observed through both radar and optical sensors (e.g. GTO objects). The batch orbit determination and correlation process of hybrid measurements is also based on SRIF using an extended measurement model. Both the initial orbit determination methods using radar and optical measurements have to be sufficiently accurate to initialise SRIF correctly. In order to avoid filter divergence, the estimated covariance must be correctly updated after processing both kinds of measurements. The implemented algorithms are explained and their performance is shown through realistic simulations.Techniques to detect and characterise object manoeuvres during the cataloguing process have been developed and implemented. Four main groups of manoeuvre objects have been established by means of their observed permitted orbital ranges (GEO, LEO, MEO–GPS, Molniya). The study is based on the historical TLEs files. When an object with an uncatalogued orbit appears, a comparison between the new orbit and the orbits contained in the permitted ranges of one of the manoeuvre groups is performed. If the required Δa and/or Δi to convert the lost orbit into the detected orbit seems to be feasible, a manoeuvre will be identified and the orbit will be updated in the catalogue. Otherwise, it will be decided that a new object was found. For this purpose, a procedure to estimate the manoeuvres and reset orbits have been developed. 相似文献
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Understanding of the space debris environment and accuracy of its observation-validated models are essential for optimal design and safe operation of satellite systems. Existing ground-based optical telescopes and radars are not capable of observing debris smaller than several millimeters in size. A new experimental and instrumental approach – the space-based Local Orbital Debris Environment (LODE) detector – aims at in situ measuring of debris with sizes from 0.2–10 mm near the satellite orbit. The LODE concept relies on a passive optical photon-counting time-tagging imaging system detecting solar photons (in the visible spectral range) reflected by debris crossing the sensor field of view. In contrast, prior feasibility studies of space-based optical sensors considered frame detectors in the focal plane. The article describes the new experimental concept, discusses top-level system parameters and design tradeoffs, outlines an approach to identifying and extracting rare debris detection events from the background, and presents an example of performance characteristics of a LODE sensor with a 6-cm diameter aperture. The article concludes with a discussion of possible sensor applications on satellites. 相似文献
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针对固体微推力器阵列(SPMA)中微推力器一次性点火,推力测试中难以获得精确推力的特点,为实现推力在线估计和实时补偿,提出一种利用二次规划对微推力器阵列推力进行估计,同时结合混合整数规划算法进行推力分配的方法,对估计算法收敛性以及控制系统稳定性进行了分析。该方法在不修改控制律的前提下,对推力器推力进行在线估计,并采用推力分配的方法实时补偿推力器出现的推力偏差,对系统稳定性的分析证明该方法可以保证系统的有界稳定。将其应用到微纳卫星编队保持中,仿真结果表明,在微推力器阵列出现推力偏差的情况下,该方法能很好地补偿推力偏差对控制系统造成的影响。 相似文献