The role of the professional society in the career development ofengineers

The role of the professional engineering society in the career development of the engineer as he/she progresses through various stages of growth is examined. Beginning with the definition of an engineer, professional development is categorized in a four-stage model that begins at the apprentice level and ultimately culminates in the sponsor or director level. Civilian engineer career development at the Aeronautical Systems Division at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base is discussed in terms of the four-stage model. Key factors in career progression are enumerated. The role and impact of the professional society on an engineer's development is examined. The activities of the Engineering Management Society of the IEEE at the local level are reviewed. The critical role of government/industry/academic management policy on participation of their engineers in professional-society activities is debated     

Characteristics of a successful space system engineer

The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) satellite was launched on June 24, 1999, on a three-year mission to explore the universe using the technique of high-resolution spectroscopy in the far-ultraviolet spectral region. The FUSE instrument comprises many subsystems, each of which contributes in an essential way to the success of the mission. The instrument system engineer oversees the engineering of all elements in such a complex technical project. In performing system engineering for the FUSE instrument's command, telemetry, data processing and data storage functions, and in leading the engineering efforts for the development of the FUSE instrument on-board computer, the author has learned valuable lessons about the characteristics that are prerequisite to success for a space system engineer. These characteristics fall under various categories of acquired, practical know-how. These categories are described with illustrations drawn from the development of the FUSE instrument. In addition to these practical skills and the concomitant knowledge, the system engineer needs personal integrity, which is the link that connects knowledge with know-how and makes them work together to motivate a team of subsystem engineers. This, too, will be discussed     

发动机空中起动包线扩展试飞组织与实施

适航条款要求装配两台发动机的飞机,在单发失效后在一定的高度、速度和发动机状态下具备重新起动的能力。为表明对适航条款的符合性,飞机主制造商必须开展发动机空中起动包线扩展试飞(简称空起扩包试飞)试验。而发动机空起扩包试飞是一项风险高、难度大,影响因素众多而复杂的试飞任务。以某型飞机的空起扩包试飞为参考,从试飞科目分析、试飞准备、试飞组织与实施、试飞试验结果等方面总结了相关试飞经验,分析了试飞员、指挥员、试飞工程师、课题和设计人员在空地决策机制方面的专业知识和角色定位。及时把握飞机的状态,并判读试验点的有效性,是试验高效和安全开展的有力保障。该空起扩包试飞的成功组织与实施为后续试飞活动及未来其他型号的类似试验奠定了良好的基础,提供了一定的技术储备。     

民用电传飞机颤振/ASE试飞风险控制技术

现有颤振/ASE试飞风险控制技术相关研究不够系统全面,未充分考虑民用电传飞机试飞特点及机上试飞工程师的作用。系统地研究民用电传飞机颤振/ASE试飞风险控制技术,包括理论评估、测试改装、试飞方法、试飞风险分析、风险降低措施和应急处置程序制定等;针对识别出的颤振/ASE不稳定、不良操稳特性和局部结构损坏等风险源,提出振动超限或异常时客舱试飞工程师切断激励的新技术,开发地面监控专用软件用于实时颤振/ASE裕度定量分析;在某型号试飞中应用该技术进行颤振/ASE试飞科目验证。结果表明:该风险控制技术能够有效降低试飞风险和成本,人工切断技术可在1 s内中止激励保障飞机结构安全,实时分析技术可以快速准确计算稳定裕度并且提高试飞效率。     

Helium-3: Status and Prospects

We report on our continuing efforts to determine 3He abundances in H II regions and planetary nebulae. Our detections of 3He in some PNe show that some stars produce large amounts of 3He. However the H II region abundances show no evidence for this production. From our sample of > 40 H II regions, the subsample which should yield the most reliable abundances has 3He/H abundances which scatter between 1-2 × 10-5. There is no trend with either galactocentric distance or metallicity. Even if we do not understand the underlying mechanisms, we see empirically that stars neither produce nor destroy 3He in a major way. We thus suggest that the level of the "3He Plateau" (3He/H = 1.5 _-0.5 ^+1.0 × 10^-5) is a reasonable estimate for the primordial 3He.     

基于起飞分析的机场障碍物评估软件的设计

机场障碍物主要影响起飞越障限制重量和起飞安全,同时机场障碍物评估是航空公司性能工程师日常主要计算工作。针对机场起飞航径区内的所有障碍物,按照CCAR121部的规定,建立民用机场障碍物信息数据库,利用编程语言设计障碍物评估软件,识别附近的障碍物是否为重要障碍物,同时将重要障碍物信息自动转换为飞机性能软件对应的输入接口文件,便于后续的起飞越障计算,可以快速提高性能工程师的计算效率。     

LC9高强度铝合金过时效工艺试验

通过对ＬＣ９高强度铝合金过时效工艺试验，并与ＬＣ９ＣＳ状态作性能对比，证实该材料具有良好的耐应力腐蚀及抗裂纹扩展性能，从而确认ＬＣ９ＣＧＳ３铝合金在飞机上推广使用的可行性。     

Mixing in Stars and the Evolution of the 3He Abundance

We first recall the observational and theoretical facts that constitute the so-called 3He problem. We then review the chemical anomalies that could be related to the destruction of 3He in red giants stars. We show how a simple consistent mechanism can lead to the destruction of 3He in low mass stars and simultaneously account for the low 12C/13C ratios and low lithium abundances observed in giant stars of different populations. This process should both naturally account for the recent measurements of 3He/H in galactic HII regions and allow for high values of 3He observed in some planetary nebulae. We propose a simple statistical estimation of the fraction of stars that may be affected by this process.     

地线设计在PCB电磁兼容性中的作用

简介了电磁兼容性(EMC)的基本概念,并结合某项目实际应用,说明地线设计的一点改变即可在PCB电磁兼容方面起到重要作用.     

The High Energy Telescope for STEREO

The IMPACT investigation for the STEREO Mission includes a complement of Solar Energetic Particle instruments on each of the two STEREO spacecraft. Of these instruments, the High Energy Telescopes (HETs) provide the highest energy measurements. This paper describes the HETs in detail, including the scientific objectives, the sensors, the overall mechanical and electrical design, and the on-board software. The HETs are designed to measure the abundances and energy spectra of electrons, protons, He, and heavier nuclei up to Fe in interplanetary space. For protons and He that stop in the HET, the kinetic energy range corresponds to ～13 to 40 MeV/n. Protons that do not stop in the telescope (referred to as penetrating protons) are measured up to ～100 MeV/n, as are penetrating He. For stopping He, the individual isotopes ³He and ⁴He can be distinguished. Stopping electrons are measured in the energy range ～0.7–6 MeV.     

基于最优控制的线性二次型调节器设计及应用

针对古典控制系统设计方法对工程设计人员经验的依赖性,提出了一种线性二次型调节器的最优化设计。并通过一个实例研究在双闭环直流调速系统中的应用,证明此设计相对于经典法的优越性。     

What is systems engineering?

There are probably more definitions of “Systems Engineering” than there are AESS members. In its simplest form systems engineering is the design of the whole as opposed to the design of the parts. The vast number, complexity and diversity of elements can overwhelm and degrade system performance and reliability. Embedded processing and software can be both a boon and a bane. A systems engineer analyzes and optimizes an ensemble of elements that relate to the flow of energy, mass and communications into a design that performs the desired function. “Systems engineering” is used herein to cover a very broad spectrum of processes and controls to engineer a product at the many levels required to satisfy all aspects of the original requirement. Our definition is not intended to either include or exclude systems engineering and integration as used in the computer field. In any case, systems engineering is the application of solid engineering principles to design and develop a large enterprise within cost and schedule to satisfy the needs of the ultimate user. It involves conceptualization, design, development, test, implementation, approval/certification and operation (including human factors) of a system. In essence, systems engineering is a problem-solving discipline for the modern world     

民机中央翼加筋壁板承载能力的非线性有限元分析

应用非线性有限元分析技术,采用MSC.Patran为前后置处理器进行建模,以具有较强非线性功能的Marc软件为求解器,细致研究了某民机中央翼加筋板结构在受力状态下的非线性变形、后屈曲破坏过程、最终失稳破坏形式及载荷,与试验结果进行了比较,破坏过程及破坏形式与试验相吻合,计算的破坏载荷与试验的破坏载荷误差在5%以内,显示文中方法可以满足工程设计和分析要求。     

基于残差特性分析的野值检测与剔除方法

在导航和控制工程实际应用中,野值的在线处理一直是难点之一.现有的利用残差的野值判别方法往往建立在最优滤波的前提上,在处理速度、效果和实用性上有所局限,难以适用于这一范围.在分析残差信号特征的基础上,利用残差变化率的变化规律,使用莱特准则对野值进行判断.仿真计算和实际工程应用表明,该方法算法简单、效果明显,能够满足工程实际应用的要求,很大程度上消除了野值对滤波精度的影响.     

Microwave landing system: a pilots point of view

The author describes the MLS installation on runway 19L at Mid-Continent Airport, Wichita, Kansas, which has been operational since mid-1987. He describes the MLS equipment installation in his aircraft, which is one of a number of aircraft in the Wichita area that have been equipped with MLS equipment and routinely utilize the system. He summarizes his operational experience with the system. He reports complete satisfaction and increased versatility as a result of the guidance information provided     

断口反推疲劳应力的新进展

回顾了利用临界裂纹长度ac和瞬断区面积A确定疲劳应力的应用及问题,介绍了利用疲劳间距反推疲劳应力的基本原理、方法及其工程应用.结果表明,利用疲劳条带宽度反推疲劳应力的误差可控制在15%以下.裂纹扩展速率的测量误差对Δσ反推计算结果影响不大.     

US government policies and hypersonic flight in the 21st century

The author examines the potentially negative impact of the US regulations on the development of advanced materials, components, and systems. He gives high priority to modification of US antitrust laws if the US is to have the best possible opportunity to compete with more aggressive economies abroad. He identifies export controls as limiting the availability of data to US firms engaged in developing commercial applications. He asserts that policies must also be enacted to better protect intellectual property rights     

From the vineyards: why the services don't get the weapons theyneed and why they aren't likely to

It is argued that the procurement of weapons by the US armed services is in crisis. Even before the bribery scandals, there was ample evidence that the whole process was in disarray. The author, a retired civil service electronics engineer, offers his personal opinion of how this happened. Two unsuccessful programs are discussed: an airborne radar designed for the US Air Force to search for vehicles moving on the ground and the Sergeant York, the US Army's attempt to build a radar-pointed, long-range, anti-aircraft gun     

MB26高强度稀土镁合金铸锭直接锻造工艺试验

介绍了MB26稀土镁合金铸绽锻造成形的工艺试验过程；论述了铸锭时效处理、均化处理和不同情况的拔长改锻，以及不同变形程度对MB26铸锭的锻造性能、锻造工艺和力学性能的影响；同时还与棒材锻件做了交叉对比试验研究，试验结果表明，用MB26铸锭锻造是可行的。