赛博空间作战及应考虑的问题

电子信息系统及其网络在信息战争中的重要性,决定了它必将成为战争中的首要攻击目标。这种攻击已不再局限于火力摧毁和电子干扰等传统手段,正逐步演变成为信息战争中一种全新的作战模式,即赛博空间作战。赛博空间作战目前还不成熟,有些技术还处于发展阶段,有些理论还处于探索阶段。简要阐述美国赛博空间作战概念及其对赛博空间作战能力的要求,指出了赛博空间作战的作用和应考虑的问题。     

外军赛博空间作战装备分析

由于灵活度高、成本低、隐蔽性好等特点,赛博武器在近年来国际上发生的几次重大战争中发挥了影响战争走向的作用,这促使各军事强国纷纷加紧研制赛博空间作战装备.从信息窃取、多域网络攻击、信息安全防护和态势感知四个方面分析了外军软杀伤赛博空间作战装备及其特点,从硬件后门技术和高功率微波武器两个角度阐述了外军硬摧毁赛博空间作战装备的发展情况,指出智能赛博防御系统是应对赛博空间威胁的关键,为赛博空间作战装备的发展提供借鉴和参考.     

空间信息作战

空间信息作战是指敌对双方利用空间技术，为夺取和保持战场上制信息权而展开的一系列作战行动。空间信息作战是信息作战的基本的和主要的作战样式。论述了信息作战、空间作战与空间信息作战的基本概念；研究分析了空间力量在信息作战中的重要地位与作用；最后，提出了加强空间攻防能力，确保空间信息安全的建议。     

赛博空间中的信息获取与传输

赛博空间是美军近年大力发展的一项新的军事作战理论。赛博空间与航天紧密相关,军事作战的各个方面都在某种程度上受到航天和赛博空间能力的影响。文章介绍了赛博空间的概念和特点,以及赛博空间的发展现状;通过对美军赛博空间中典型航天信息获取和传输系统的分析,探讨了发展我国赛博空间航天信息获取与传输能力的启示和应重点发展的一些关键技术。     

作战响应空间发展研究

"作战响应空间"(ORS)是美国军事转型非常重要的指导思想,是未来军事航天的发展方向.分析了"作战响应空间"的发展背景、内涵、采取措施以及取得的进展,并简要论述了"作战响应空间"对航天发展的启示.     

美国空军的空间作战中心

美国空军的空间作战中心海湾战争以后，美国的专家小组认为，在这场战争中，美国“对空间利用重视不够”，并建议成立“空间应用作战中心”。根据这一建议，美国空军于１９９３年年底成立了空间作战中心。该中心的主要任务是利用空间资源支持作战行动，即将卫星获得的信息...     

试析未来战役空间作战

随着高新技术特别是航天技术迅猛发展及其在军事领域中的广泛应用，战役空间作战将成为未来战役作战的重要组成部分。本文试以未来联合战役为背景，系统分析了战役空间作战的四种基本作战行动。     

联合作战与空间信息作战

给出了空间信息作战的概念，研究了空间信息作战的四种基本样式。指出联合作战是未来高技术条件下作战的主要样式，空间信息作战是联合作战的重要组成部分，是联合作战的基础和保障。空间信息作战目的是确保已方对敌的空间信息优势，从而夺取战场制信息权，确保联合作战的胜利。     

空间电子攻击的体系作战效用及发展对策

通过分析空间电子攻击在打击对象多、方式灵活多样,打击速度快、隐蔽突然,效果等同于火力打击、太空安全隐患小等方面的优势,得出了"空间电子攻击具有很大的发展潜力,是未来空间对抗力量发展的重心"的结论。通过分析空间电子攻击在遮态势感知耳目、断信息分发链路、破精确打击能力、实施战略威慑方面发挥体系作战效用的机理,论证了空间电子攻击的体系作战效用。通过分析还提出空间电子攻击力量的发展对策。     

基于作战环和联合信息熵的体系作战效能评估方法

针对信息化条件下体系作战效能评估难的问题,首先借鉴作战环的建模思想将各作战要素抽象为节点,要素之间的关系抽象为信息链路边和对抗行动边,构建作战网络模型;然后基于信息熵量化节点和信息链路边的不确定性,基于联合熵量化对抗行动边的不确定性,在此基础上给出了体系作战效能评估的具体流程;最后以战斗机突防作战体系为例进行分析,验证了提出方法的可行性和合理性。     

做好运行质量监督 实现持续安全运行

多年来,山东空管分局始终坚定不移地坚持“安全第一、预防为主”的方针,尊重安全规律,加强运行质量管理,扎扎实实、全方位地抓好各项工作任务的落实,安全工作平稳有序。     

SPHERES flight operations testing and execution

Synchronized Position Hold Engage Reorient Experimental Satellites (SPHERES) is a formation flight testing facility consisting of three satellites operating inside the International Space Station (ISS). The goal is to use the long term microgravity environment of the ISS to mature formation flight and docking algorithms. The operations processes of SPHERES have also matured over the course of the first seven test sessions. This paper describes the evolution of the SPHERES program operations processes from conception to implementation to refinement through flight experience. Modifications to the operations processes were based on experience and feedback from Marshall Space Flight Center Payload Operations Center, USAF Space Test Program office at Johnson Space Center, and the crew of Expedition 13 (first to operate SPHERES on station). Important lessons learned were on aspects such as test session frequency, determination of session success, and contingency operations. This paper describes the tests sessions; then it details the lessons learned, the change in processes, and the impact on the outcome of later test sessions. SPHERES had very successful initial test sessions which allowed for modification and tailoring of the operations processes to streamline the code delivery and to tailor responses based on flight experiences.     

太空信息作战行动研究

论述了太空信息支援、太空信息进攻和太空信息防御三种行动类型下的主要太空信息作战行动,重点探讨了各种太空信息作战行动中的手段、方法及可达成的作战目的.     

MESSENGER at Mercury: Early orbital operations

The MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft, launched in August 2004 under NASA's Discovery Program, was inserted into orbit about the planet Mercury in March 2011. MESSENGER's three flybys of Mercury in 2008–2009 marked the first spacecraft visits to the innermost planet since the Mariner 10 flybys in 1974–1975. The unprecedented orbital operations are yielding new insights into the nature and evolution of Mercury. The scientific questions that frame the MESSENGER mission led to the mission measurement objectives to be achieved by the seven payload instruments and the radio science experiment. Interweaving the full set of required orbital observations in a manner that maximizes the opportunity to satisfy all mission objectives and yet meet stringent spacecraft pointing and thermal constraints was a complex optimization problem that was solved with a software tool that simulates science observations and tracks progress toward meeting each objective. The final orbital observation plan, the outcome of that optimization process, meets all mission objectives. MESSENGER's Mercury Dual Imaging System is acquiring a global monochromatic image mosaic at better than 90% coverage and at least 250 m average resolution, a global color image mosaic at better than 90% coverage and at least 1 km average resolution, and global stereo imaging at better than 80% coverage and at least 250 m average resolution. Higher-resolution images are also being acquired of targeted areas. The elemental remote sensing instruments, including the Gamma-Ray and Neutron Spectrometer and the X-Ray Spectrometer, are being operated nearly continuously and will establish the average surface abundances of most major elements. The Visible and Infrared Spectrograph channel of MESSENGER's Mercury Atmospheric and Surface Composition Spectrometer is acquiring a global map of spectral reflectance from 300 to 1450 nm wavelength at a range of incidence and emission angles. Targeted areas have been selected for spectral coverage into the ultraviolet with the Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrometer (UVVS). MESSENGER's Mercury Laser Altimeter is acquiring topographic profiles when the slant range to Mercury's surface is less than 1800 km, encompassing latitudes from 20°S to the north pole. Topography over the remainder of the southern hemisphere will be derived from stereo imaging, radio occultations, and limb profiles. MESSENGER's radio science experiment is determining Mercury's gravity field from Doppler signals acquired during frequent downlinks. MESSENGER's Magnetometer is measuring the vector magnetic field both within Mercury's magnetosphere and in Mercury's solar wind environment at an instrument sampling rate of up to 20 samples/s. The UVVS is determining the three-dimensional, time-dependent distribution of Mercury's exospheric neutral and ionic species via their emission lines. During each spacecraft orbit, the Energetic Particle Spectrometer measures energetic electrons and ions, and the Fast Imaging Plasma Spectrometer measures the energies and mass per charge of thermal plasma components, both within Mercury's magnetosphere and in Mercury's solar-wind environment. The primary mission observation sequence will continue for one Earth year, until March 2012. An extended mission, currently under discussion with NASA, would add a second year of orbital observations targeting a set of focused follow-on questions that build on observations to date and take advantage of the more active Sun expected during 2012–2013. MESSENGER's total primary mission cost, projected at $446 M in real-year dollars, is comparable to that of Mariner 10 after adjustment for inflation.     

卫星总装过程静电防护研究

静电防护是卫星总装过程中质量控制和安全保障的一个重要方面.为了提高航天器总装过程的静电控制水平,文章以某型号卫星为例,针对卫星总装实施特点,对卫星的总装过程进行了静电防护的相关试验和分析研究.首先使用FMEA分析表格,提出静电防护的关键项目,再利用静电检测手段,对这些关键项目进行静电测试.根据测试结果数据分析,查找出卫星总装过程中静电防护的薄弱环节,并针对性地提出相应的静电控制措施.这些研究成果为航天器总装静电控制的具体实施提供了技术支持,是对航天器总装过程静电防护深入研究的有益探索.     

Human roles in future space operations.

Mankind has evolved in the biosphere from essentially another animal to the level that his industries and societies are powerful components of the life-cycles of Earth. Terrestrial industrial experience can be extended to the use of matter from the Moon and other non-terrestrial sources to create permanent habitats and industry in space. Space stations in low Earth orbit and small bases on the Moon can be the foci of early space industries for learning how to grow in space with local resources. Several near term and long range research topics appropriate to permanent human occupancy of space are reviewed.     

冬季条件下一次雷达正常运行的维护

一、问题产生的背景哈尔滨雷达系统自1998年安装后开始运行,在雷达开始运行不久,哈尔滨雷达站发现一次雷达在冬季不能正常工作,射频信号的驻波比过高,而一次雷达本身的工作参数都正常。哈尔滨雷达站经过对一次雷达系统本身及运行环境仔细     

Launch and early operations of Herschel and Planck

On 14 May 2009 the European Space Agency launched 2 space observatories: Herschel (with a 3.5 m mirror it is the largest space telescope ever) will collect long-wavelength infrared radiation and will be the only space observatory to cover the spectral range from far-infrared to sub-millimetre wavelengths, and Planck will look back at the dawn of time, close to the Big Bang, and will examine the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation to a sensitivity, angular resolution and frequency range never achieved before. This paper will present the Flight Dynamics, mission analysis challenges and flight results from the first 3 months of these missions.Both satellites were launched on the same Ariane 5 and travelled to the L2 Lagrange point of the sun–earth system 1.5 million km from the earth in the opposite direction of the sun. There they were injected to a quasi-halo orbit (Herschel) with the dimension of typically 750,000 km×450,000 km, and a Lissajous orbit (Planck) of 300,000 km×300,000 km.In order to reach these Lissajous orbits it is mandatory to perform large trajectory correction manoeuvres during the first days of the mission. Herschel had its main manoeuvres on the first day. Planck had to be navigated on the first day and by a mid-course correction manoeuvre, the L2 orbit insertion manoeuvre was planned on day 50. If these slots were missed, fuel penalties would rapidly increase.This posed a heavy load on the operations teams because both spacecrafts have to be thoroughly checked out and put into the correct modes of their attitude control systems during the first hours after launch.The sequence of events will be presented and explained and the orbit determination results as well as the manoeuvre planning will be emphasised.