新一代机载导航系统的发展：从Boeing777看ADIRS,GPS的应用

一、概述Boeing777使用了新一代航空电子系统，如高度耐故障、大气数据惯性基准系统等。B0eing777还使用了最新的卫星导航系统。ADIRS将大气数据系统和惯性基准系统合并成二个航线可更换组件（LRU），它们是大气数据惯性基准组件（ADIRU）和备用姿态大气数据基准组件（SAARU）。因为系统只有二个主LRU，而不是三部大气数据计算机（ADC）和三个惯性基准组件（IRU），所以使设备重量更轻，从而增加了有效载荷或减少了燃油消耗。ADIRS的高可靠性也降低了维护的需要和对备件的需要。GPS能对飞机以更高的准确性根据飞行计划来导航…     

波音737-300/500惯导系统故障分析

从波音７３７－３００／５００飞机惯性基准系统的工作原理出发，深入细致地分析了惯性基准系统出现的各种故障及其表现形式，对飞机维修人员进行系统的排故具有一定的指导意义。惯性导航系统作为一个中心信号源， 与飞机的其他系统密切相联，它能提供３０多个参数，这些参数一方面通过惯性导航系统的显示部件和飞机上的电子飞行仪表进行必要的参数显示，供飞行员判断和人工操纵飞机；另一方面送到飞机的其他系统使用。 波音 ７３７－３００／５００飞机惯性导航系统主要由四个部分组成：惯性基准组件ＩＲＵ、数模转换器ＤＡＡ、方式选择组…     

民用飞机惯性基准系统研究

惯性基准系统是民用飞机非常重要的机载系统,为飞机显示系统、飞行控制系统以及其他系统提供姿态、航向、姿态角速率和加速度等信息,并可以作为飞行管理系统的导航源,输出即时地理位置信息,本文以某型号民用飞机为例,介绍了其惯性基准系统的组成、基本工作模式及其最新的发展,并给出了其安装校准方法。     

A340机载导航系统分析

介绍了A340导航系统：大气数据惯性基准系统、电子飞行仪表系统、ATC／S模式应答机及机载防撞系统等。分析了机载导航系统的现状及发展方向，为同类飞机的雏护和培训提供参考。     

民用航空惯性基准系统重力补偿方法

惯性基准系统在民用航空中是位置、速度、姿态等信息的核心信息源,由于民用航空领域安全关键的特性,要求惯性基准系统具备在短时间内不依赖卫星辅助独立完成导航工作并保持可靠性能的能力.针对重力模型误差在高精度惯性基准系统纯惯性运行期间对定位精度影响显著的问题,研究了基于高阶重力球谐模型EGM2008的重力补偿方法,提升了定位精...     

棱镜组件安装误差自动化标定方法研究

导弹制导系统常用直角棱镜来确定惯性系统的方位敏感轴方向.直角棱镜在惯性系统上的安装误差会直接影响导弹的精确打击能力.目前的安装误差测试方法自动化程度低、费时费力、精度误差大.因此,提出棱镜组件的自动化测试方法,能减少基准传递,提高测试精度,标定精度能控制在2＂(α),3＂(β).     

惯性技术在光电探测技术中的应用

惯性技术是通过惯性传感器敏感载体运动信息,自主建立运动载体姿态基准的手段。随着现代光电探测技术的不断发展,光电武器装备在侦察、监视、定位、导航和通信等场合的应用越来越广泛,惯性技术在光电探测技术与光电设备中的作用也越来越重要。本文介绍了光电探测技术和典型机载光电系统、惯性技术的发展历程,详细介绍了惯性技术在光电探测技术中的应用情况,分析了其对作战方式和作战效能所带来的变化和提升,阐述了惯性技术在光电探测技术应用的未来发展需求和趋势。     

霍尼韦尔公司容错式大气数据/惯性基准装置

容错式大气数据/惯性基准装置(ADIRU)是大气数据/惯性基准系统(ADIRS)的关键部分。而ADIRS被用作分布式结构的ARINC651综合模块化航空电子设备(IMA)的惯性与大气数据基准。霍尼韦尔公司的ADIRU采用简单可靠的方法完成故障探测、故障隔离及余度管理,从而满足了民航市场低寿命周期成本和高可靠性的需求。ADIRU有4个惯性余度,比常规的3余度系统增加了一级,因而具有延期维修能力。高可靠的分块式设计、简单的内部串行接口和表决方式,很适于利用惯性余度元件给出高度完整性的系统输出。它不需像常规系统那样从多源大气数据和惯性输出完成自身的余度管理。     

独立励磁直流发电系统优化控制方法比较

传统的电压环比例积分（PI）控制无法兼顾直流（DC）发电系统的稳态和动态性能，一种电容能量平衡控制（CEC）方法被提出用以提升独立励磁直流发电系统的动态性能，CEC外环仍然采用PI控制。提出一种基于负载反馈的广义预测控制（GPC）方法，与PI控制框架下的电容能量控制方法进行比较研究。从原理上分析了CEC与GPC方法的特点，指出CEC方法的高比例增益能够加速系统动态响应，但外环的积分环节与负载电流反馈相冲突，会影响系统的电压稳态精度。分别构建CEC与GPC方法下的系统传递函数，从抗负载电流扰动的角度进行控制参数优化设计，并进行仿真验证，讨论了电容参数失配对2种控制方法的影响。最后，通过对比实验验证了本文对2种优化控制方法分析的正确性。实验结果表明：优化控制参数后的GPC与CEC方法在动态性能上优于传统的电压环PI控制，且相较于CEC,GPC拥有更强的鲁棒性。     

舰艇统一姿态基准构建方法

统一的姿态基准是舰艇平台实施协同探测、信息融合和态势共享的基础。基于惯性矢量匹配形变测量方法，提出了一种适用于舰艇平台的统一姿态基准体系结构。首先介绍了惯性矢量匹配形变测量方法，在此基础上提出了统一姿态基准的构建方案，并分析和总结了统一姿态基准的若干关键技术。最后，结合国内发展情况提出了未来发展建议。     

The effect of inlet conditions on the flow and heat transfer in multiple rotating cavity with axial throughflow

This paper discusses experimental results from two different build configurations of a heated multiple rotating cavity test rig.Measurements of heat transfer from the discs and tangential velocities are presented.The test rig is a 70% full scale version of a high pressure compressor stack of an axial gas turbine engine.Of particular interest are the internal cylindrical cavities formed by adjacent discs and the interaction of these with a central axial throughflow of cooling air.Tests were carried out for a range of non-dimensional parameters representative of high pressure compressor internal air system flows(Re up to 5×106 and Rez up to 2×105).Two different builds have been tested.The most significant difference between these two build configurations is the size of the annular gap between the(non-rotating) drive shaft and the bores of the discs.The heat transfer data were obtained from thermocouple measurements of surface temperature and a conduction solution method.The velocity measurements were made using a two component,LDA system.The heat transfer results from the discs show differences between the two builds.This is attributed to the wider annular gap allowing more of the throughflow to penetrate into the cavity.There are also significant differences between the radial distributions of tangential velocity in the two builds of the test rig.For the narrow annular gap,there is an increase of non-dimensional tangential velocity V/Ωr with radial location to solid body rotation V/Ωr=1.For the wider annular gap,the non-dimensional velocities show a decrease with radial location to solid body rotation.      

Research on Auto-detection for Remainder Particles of Aerospace Relay Based on Wavelet Analysis

Aerospace relay is one kind of electronic components which is used widely in national defense system and aerospace system. The existence of remainder particles induces the reliability declining, which has become a severe problem in the development of aerospace relay. Traditional particle impact noise detection (PIND) method for remainder detection is ineffective for small particles, due to its low precision and involvement of subjective factors. An auto-detection method for PIND output signals is proposed in this paper, which is based on direct wavelet de-noising (DWD), cross-correlation analysis (CCA) and homo-filtering (HF), the method enhances the affectiv-ity of PIND test about the small particles. In the end, some practical PIND output signals are analysed, and the validity of this new method is proved.     

Preparation of Highly Dispersed Antimony-doped Tin Oxide Nano-powder via Ion-exchange Hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 and Azeotropic Drying

Antimony-doped tin hydroxide colloid precipitates have been synthesized by hydrolysis of SnCl4 and SbCl3 using: (1) an ion-exchange hydrolysis to remove chlorine ions, and (2) isoamyl acetate as an azeotropic solvent to obviate water. The obtained dried powder is of high dispersivity without any need for further grinding. The size and dispersivity of the final particles are investigated with the aid of TG-DTA, BET, XRD and TEM. After having calcined, the antimony-doped tin oxide nanopowder possesses a tetragonal rutile structure with high dispersivity, uniform particles and low hard agglomeration.     

Effects of Mo on the Microstructure and Hydrogen Sorption Properties of Ti-Mo Getters

The effects of Mo on the microstructure evolution, porosity and hydrogen sorption properties of Ti-Mo getters are investigated in this work. The results show that the addition of Mo prolongs the densification process of Ti-Mo getters and results in a significant amount of sintered pores. With the Mo content increasing, the porosity of getters firstly increases reaching the maximum value as it at- tains about 7.5wt.%, and then drops. At the room temperature, the hydrogen sorption property of getters increases progressively with the Mo content increasing, but the tendency is not very clear before its content lies below 2.5wt.%. When the Mo content achieves about 7.5wt.%, the hydrogen sorption property proves to be the best. The discussion is made about the above mentioned phenomena inclusive of hydrogen sorption properties of getters under different activation conditions (from 500-750 ℃).     

超声速燃烧数值模拟中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型

高精度数值模拟有助于理解超声速湍流燃烧中湍流与化学反应的相互作用,可为发动机燃烧室等工程应用设计提供可靠的预测模型。除直接数值模拟外,目前在湍流燃烧应用中使用的大涡模拟和雷诺平均Navier-Stokes模拟均需要借助模型模化发生在湍流小尺度上的流动与化学反应过程对湍流大尺度运动的影响。现有的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型大致可分为:火焰面类模型和概率密度函数类模型,2类模型在不同的应用中各自具有优势和局限性。此外,现有模型大都基于低马赫数燃烧,而超声速燃烧中通常会伴随快速混合、局部熄火和再着火以及激波等复杂过程,这为发展其中的湍流与化学反应相互作用模型提出了更多的挑战。     

适于低轨卫星IP网络的单核共享树组播算法(英文)

为了解决低轨卫星IP网络中现有典型源组播算法的信道资源浪费问题,本文提出了一套单核共享树组播算法,即核心群合并共享树(CCST)和加权核心群合并共享树(w-CCST)算法。CCST 算法包括动态近似中心(DAC)选核方法和核心群合并组播路径构建方法。DAC方法专为周期、规律运动的低轨卫星网络提出,不需要复杂的星上计算。在核心群合并方法中,以核节点作为初始核心群,通过核心群和剩余组成员的最短路径方法逐步扩展直至整棵组播树构建完成,从而使得组播树的树代价最小,大大提高了网络的带宽利用率和组播传输效率。w-CCST 算法中所提出的加权因子可以调整树代价和端到端传播时延之间的折衷程度,因此,可以通过调整加权因子来适度增大树代价、降低端到端传播时延以支持某些端到端时延要求苛刻的实时组播业务。最后,与低轨卫星 IP 网络中典型算法进行了性能比较,仿真结果说明,CCST 算法的平均树代价比其它算法显著降低,w-CCST 算法的平均端到端传播时延小于 CCST 算法。     

Jet Vectoring Control Using a Novel Synthetic Jet Actuator

A primary air jet vectoring control system with a novel synthetic jet actuator (SJA) is presented and simulated numerically. The results show that, in comparison with an existing traditional synthetic jet actuator, which is able to perform the duty of either “push” or “pull”, one novel synthetic jet actuator can fulfill both “push” and “pull” functions to vector the primary jet by shifting a slide block inside it. Therefore, because the new actuator possesses greater efficiency, it has potentiality to replace the existing one in various appli- cations, such as thrust vectoring and the reduction of thermal signature. Moreover, as the novel actuator can fulfill those functions that the existing one can not, it may well be expected to popularize it into more flow control systems.     

Nonlinear Adaptive Slewing Motion Control of Spacecraft Truss Driven by Synchronous V-gimbaled CMG Precession

The slewing motion control of a truss arm driven by a V-gimbaled control-moment-gyro (CMG) is a nonlinear control problem. The V-gimbaled CMG consists of a pair of gyros that must precess synchronously. The moment of inertia of the system, the angular momentum of the gyros and the external disturbances are not exactly known. With the help of feedback linearization and recursive Lyapunov design method, an adaptive nonlinear controller is designed to deal with the unknown items. Performance of the proposed controller is verified by simulation.     

An SOR Implicit Time-accurate Scheme in Calculating Unsteady Flows

A new time-accurate marching scheme for unsteady flow calculations is proposed in the present work. This method is the combination of classical Successive Over-Relaxation (SOR) iteration method and Jacobian matrix diagonally dominant splitting method of LUSGS. One advantage of this algorithm is the second-order accuracy because of no factorization error. Another advantage is the low computational cost because the Jacobian matrices and fluxes are only calculated once in each physical time step. And, the SOR algorithm has better convergence property than Gauss-Seidel. To investigate its accuracy and convergency, several unsteady flow computa- tional tests are carried out by using the proposed SOR algorithm. Roe’s FDS scheme is used to discritize the inviscid flux terms. Un- steady computational results of SOR are compared with the experiment results and those of Gauss-Seidel. Results reveal that the numerical results agree well with the experimental data and the second-order accuracy can be obtained as the Gauss-Seidel for unsteady flow computations. The impact of SOR factor is investigated for unsteady computations by using different SOR factors in this algorithm to simulate each computational test. Different numbers of inner iterations are needed to converge to the same criterion for different SOR factors and optimal choice of SOR factor can improve the computational efficiency greatly.