基于自相关及相位差法的高精度频率估计算法

为提高高斯白噪声背景中正弦信号的频率估计精度,对基于自相关运算的频率估计算法的相关长度m进行了推导,得到了m的优化值与信噪比的关系式.当信噪比较高时,m的最优值为N/3(N为信号采样点数);信噪比较低时,m的最优值为N/2.通过对自相关法及分段FFT(Fast Fourier Transforms)相位差法特性的分析,提出了一种性能更优的频率估计综合算法. Monte Carlo仿真实验表明:新算法吸收了两种算法的优点,克服了其不足,在更大的信噪比范围内具有较高的频率估计精度,且计算量也较小.      

时频域并行捕获算法

针对DS/FH(Direct Sequence/Frequency Hopping)混合扩频测控信号的快速捕获,经典的时域并行方法或频域并行方法已不能满足需求.为了进一步提高载波捕获精度,在PMF-FFT(Partial Match Filter-Fast Fourier Transform)算法基础上,提出了一种反馈式结构的时频域并行捕获算法,通过PMF-FFT算法粗估载波频偏,利用一种Quinn频率插值算法提高频偏估计精度,并使用估计结果调整本地载波,再次进行捕获.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法与PMF-FFT算法相比,提高了载波捕获精度,在大频偏低信噪比条件下增加了频率分析带宽、减少了平均捕获时间.     

时频域并行捕获算法

针对DS/FH(Direct Sequence/Frequency Hopping)混合扩频测控信号的快速捕获,经典的时域并行方法或频域并行方法已不能满足需求.为了进一步提高载波捕获精度,在PMF-FFT(Partial Match Filter-Fast Fourier Transform)算法基础上,提出了一种反馈式结构的时频域并行捕获算法,通过PMF-FFT算法粗估载波频偏,利用一种Quinn频率插值算法提高频偏估计精度,并使用估计结果调整本地载波,再次进行捕获.理论分析和仿真结果表明,该算法与PMF-FFT算法相比,提高了载波捕获精度,在大频偏低信噪比条件下增加了频率分析带宽、减少了平均捕获时间.     

数字电视大范围载波频偏快速捕获算法

根据中国数字电视地面传输标准帧结构特点,提出了一种大范围频率偏差捕获方法.该算法利用PN(Pseudo Noise)序列移位相加后仍为PN序列这一特征,通过帧头PN序列与本地PN序列的差分互相关得到待求的频偏值,然后利用BLUE(Best Linear Unbiased Estimator)方法,在不损失频偏精度的前提下扩大频偏估计范围.该算法能在帧同步前快速捕获大范围频偏,为可靠实现帧同步以及频偏跟踪过程提供了必要条件.仿真结果表明,相对于传统的差分互相关算法,该算法能在一个帧头时间内快速锁定频偏,频偏估计范围扩大了H倍且频偏精度不变.     

自适应OFDM采样频偏估计算法

修正了基于数据判决的采样频偏估计公式,提出一种自适应采样频偏估计算法,利用离散导频估计频偏变化,从而得到参与估计的数据符号间隔,并且同时使用信道估计结果和接收数据对采样频率偏差进行估计,达到提高估计精度的目的.仿真表明,在高斯白噪声信道下,新算法估计精度比基于数据判决算法和基于离散导频算法高3 dB左右;在多径信道下,新算法的估计精度比其他两种算法提高5 dB以上.实验结果表明,该算法的星座收敛速度快,提高了接收机性能.      

基于圆周相关扩频信号的快速捕获改进方法

针对大多普勒频偏、低信噪比条件下长周期伪码的扩频信号捕获问题,提出了一种基于圆周相关扩频信号的快速捕获改进方法。该算法对圆周相关后的结果利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)进行频率估计,扩大了传统圆周相关法的扫频步进,使扫频步进不再受跟踪环路带宽的限制。理论分析及仿真结果表明,在信噪比为-34 dB、多普勒频率为500 kHz条件下算法可以正确地估计出伪码相位和多普勒频偏。在达到相同的灵敏度条件下,所提算法的平均捕获时间与传统的圆周相关法相比缩短了约47%,与基于FFT的并行频率搜索法相比缩短了约88%。另外,用于频率估计的FFT点数仅占圆周相关点数的1%,故额外增加的硬件资源很少。算法逻辑控制简单,尤其适用于大多普勒频偏、低信噪比及长周期伪码的卫星通信系统。     

基于训练序列的时域OFDM载波同步算法

在研究单次频偏累积相偏估计的基础上,详细分析了2次独立的频偏累积相偏估计带来的频偏捕获范围的提高.并在此基础上提出一种基于训练序列的载波同步算法.这种算法利用时域2次独立的不同分辨力的相偏估计,解决了单次估计可能存在的相位模糊问题,从而实现了大频偏载波同步.通过理论分析给出了这种算法的性能,并通过仿真进行了验证.由于完全在时域进行估计,和其他大频偏载波同步算法相比,这种算法计算量小,且实现简单.     

基于自适应谱估计的跳频捕获技术

提出了一种基于谱估计的跳频(FH, Frequency Hopping)信号的捕获方法,建立了自回归自适应谱估计模型和算法,通过计算信号频谱估计了跳频信号的瞬时频率.当频率估计存在偏差时,为了避免错误判决,实现稳健捕获,给出了一种新的捕获逻辑.在高斯白噪声( AWGN, Additive-White Gaussian Noise)环境和瑞利(Rayleigh)衰落环境下,对不同天线阵元数目情况下的捕获性能包括平均捕获时间和误码率进行了数值仿真.仿真结果表明:谱估计算法能快速准确地估计出信号频率,实现跳频信号的快速捕获.      

单星导航HEO卫星初轨确定算法

HEO(Highly Elliptical Orbit)轨道卫星利用星载GPS(Global Positioning System)进行自主定轨面临的主要难题之一就是解决在单颗导航卫星条件下的初轨确定问题.从理论上分析了利用单颗导航卫星的观测量确定HEO卫星轨道初值的所需满足的条件,指出了利用F.G级数法求解初值存在的问题,提出了一种基于轨道根数约束的迭代批处理算法,该算法无需复杂的数学运算,避免了F.G级数法用短弧资料定初轨时系数矩阵秩亏的影响.仿真结果表明,当先验轨道根数误差在允许范围内取值时,在考虑轨道射入误差的情况下,初值的位置偏差在10⁴ m量级,速度偏差在10⁰ m/s量级,能够根据单颗导航卫星的短弧观测值可靠地完成轨道初值的确定.     

一种新的频域自适应算法

分析了现有自适应滤波算法,并且提出了在有色噪声背景下能够快速收敛的频域自适应新算法.使用牛顿法搜索性能表面和近似于递归最小二乘(RLS)算法的结构,利用现有的拟牛顿QN(Quasi-Newton)时域自适应算法原理,通过快速傅里叶变换(FFT)将其应用于频域.结合快速块最小均方自适应滤波算法FBLMS(Fast Block Least Mean Square)中的并行处理方法对算法的运算过程进行了改进.由于调整了数据格式和增益矩阵的系数加快了迭代过程的收敛,并且提高了信号处理的效率.附加的计算机仿真结果分别给出了在白噪声和有色噪声输入相同汉明窗条件下,新算法、LMS算法和拟牛顿算法QN的自适应系统辨识的效果比较图,表明新算法能有效用于色噪声下的自适应滤波.     

Using cross correlation to estimate Doppler frequency

Doppler frequency estimation with high accuracy is very important for precise orbit determination and scientific studies in deep space exploration. In this paper, we propose a new method which implements cross correlation of only received signals from one single station to estimate Doppler frequency. The algorithm is relatively simple and it can achieve high accuracy even when signal to noise ratio (SNR) is very low. Moreover, the accuracy can be further improved by implementing frequency compensation, especially when the frequency dynamic range is high. Simulations were performed and results proved the validity of this method. X-band observations on MEX (Mars Express) and Juno were performed by a 13 m telescope of Wuhan University, which was equipped by two back ends, i.e. CDAS (Chinese Data Acquisition System) and RSR (Radio Science Receiver). Raw data recorded by the CDAS were processed by using the proposed method, and the estimated frequencies were in good agreement with the real time frequency estimation values by the RSR. What’s more, the accuracy by using cross correlation was higher than the one of RSR.     

Precise line-of-sight vector estimation based on an inter-satellite radio frequency system

This paper proposes a precise line-of-sight (LOS) vector estimation using an inter-satellite radio frequency system. GNSS-like technology is inherited such that the ranging signals are locally generated inside the formation. However, the approach differs from the standard GNSS model usage in that the LOS vector to be of a unit length is fully explored as a priori constraint for the carrier phase integer ambiguity resolution. The constraint is lumped to the mapping process from the real-valued ambiguities to the integers by what is called validation or subset ambiguity bounding. These two approaches have the same rules of regarding the constraint as a gateway to accept or reject the ambiguity candidates, but differ by using “all-ambiguity-set” and “subset-ambiguity”. Both show remarkable improvement with up to 80% lower integer fixing failure rates than without treating the constraint. Validation provides a slightly better performance than the subset ambiguity bounding in terms of the integer fixing failure rates and the computational efficiency. The predefined tolerance regions that are critical for these two methods are analytically determined as function of the carrier noise. The paper also introduces a LOS dependent ambiguity dilution of precision (ADOP_LOS) measure that can serve as a metric to characterize the expectation of being able to successfully resolve the ambiguities. The region of ADOP_LOS lower than 0.21 is empirically summarized as the safe region where the integer fixing failure rates are less than 1%. A closed form of the ADOP_LOS is derived which is able to capture the impact of the various factors. Antenna baseline geometries and multiple frequencies in the form of an ultra-BOC signal structure are demonstrated as the most important influencing factors. With multiple properly arrayed antennas and using ultra-BOC structure, instantaneous ambiguity resolution can be achieved and the LOS accuracy can reach millimeter level.     

Low-cost precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability based on GNSS carrier observation

Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) receivers can be used in time and frequency metrology by exploiting stable GNSS time scales. This paper proposes a low-cost method for precise measurement of oscillator frequency instability using a single-frequency software GNSS receiver. The only required hardware is a common radio frequency (RF) data collection device driven by the oscillator under test (OUT). The receiver solves the oscillator frequency error in high time resolution using the carrier Doppler observation and the broadcast ephemeris from one of the available satellites employing the onboard reference atomic frequency standard that is more stable than the OUT. Considering the non-stable and non-Gaussian properties of the frequency error measurement, an unbiased finite impulse response (FIR) filter is employed to obtain robust estimation and filter out measurement noise. The effects of different filter orders and convolution lengths are further discussed. The frequency error of an oven controlled oscillator (OCXO) is measured using live Beidou-2/Compass signals. The results are compared with the synchronous measurement using a specialized phase comparator with the standard coordinated universal time (UTC) signal from the master clock H226 in the national time service center (NTSC) of China as its reference. The Allan deviation (ADEV) estimates using the two methods have a 99.9% correlation coefficient and a 0.6% mean relative difference over 1–1000 s intervals. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness and high precision of the software receiver method.     

正交频分复用系统中一种抗多径衰落的联合时频同步算法

在正交频分复用(Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)通信系统中提出了一种基于新颖训练序列的同步算法.该训练序列只使用了一个OFDM符号,并且具有中心对称和前后部分一致的双重结构.在进行完粗定时同步和小数倍频率同步后,使用逆快速傅里叶变换(IFFT)运算来进行精...     

基于DFT的正弦波初相估计算法及误差分析

提出一种基于DFT(Discrete Fourier Transforms)频谱相位信息的正弦波初相高精度估计方法.该方法通过截取正弦波的两段长度不同的离散序列,利用它们的DFT系数来消去正弦信号的频率项,从而估计其初相.同时,给出了在高斯白噪声背景下,利用该种方法进行正弦波初相估计的均方根误差计算公式,此公式表明了均方根误差与信噪比及FFT(Fast Fourier Transforms)长度之间的关系.并以此均方根误差最小化为目标,对该估计方法进行了优化改进,得到方法中参数的最优选取方案.选择最优参数的过程即是对以均方根误差最小为目标的整数规划问题的求解过程.应用Monte Carlo仿真,将改进后的算法的性能与已有的几种典型算法的性能及Cramer-Rao下限进行了分析比较,并验证了所推导的均方根误差计算公式的正确性.